scholarly journals Repurposing Dupilumab May Treat Advanced COVID-19 Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome By Mitigating Cytokine Storm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Geraci ◽  
Bronnil Hawill
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Contagious Nature ◽  
Positive Sense

SARS-CoV-02, or more popularly known asCOVID-19, is a positive-sense RNA virus thatis currently the cause of a pandemic. Dueto its highly contagious nature, many countriesare closing their borders and placing populationsin quarantine in order to slow down transmission.The sharp surge in demand for immediate careunits are leaving hospitals depleted of resources.Drug repositioning is the attempt at using an already approved drug to create a favorable phenotype to a disease it was not originally intended for.Drug repositioning is the quickest and safest wayto treat patients with such limited time.

scholarly journals The Pathophysiology of Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for treatment of COVID-19 Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Muhammad Faheem ◽  
Sayed Babar Jamal ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Atif Ali Khan Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Novel Virus

Our planet earth has seen many viral pandemics The most recent pandemic was Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) commonly called Corona Virus disease (COVID-19). It was first reported inWuhan Peoples Republic of China, in December 2019. COVID-19 is a positive-sense single-strand enveloped RNA virus mainly found in mammals. To date, a total of six species of coronavirus have been reported that affected humans. These mainly cause respiratory, hepatic, enteric, and neurological complications. Since it is a novel virus, different therapies were used for the treatment These measures comprised of mostly repurposing of already available drugs, more specifically antiviral drugs. In this review article, we have summarized the virus- host relation and chemical structure and also discussed in detail the proposed mechanism of these repurposed antivirals drugs.

scholarly journals Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri I. Wolf ◽  
Darius Kazlauskas ◽  
Jaime Iranzo ◽  
Adriana Lucía-Sanz ◽  
Jens H. Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Rna Helicases ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Dsrna Viruses

ABSTRACTViruses with RNA genomes dominate the eukaryotic virome, reaching enormous diversity in animals and plants. The recent advances of metaviromics prompted us to perform a detailed phylogenomic reconstruction of the evolution of the dramatically expanded global RNA virome. The only universal gene among RNA viruses is the gene encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We developed an iterative computational procedure that alternates the RdRp phylogenetic tree construction with refinement of the underlying multiple-sequence alignments. The resulting tree encompasses 4,617 RNA virus RdRps and consists of 5 major branches; 2 of the branches include positive-sense RNA viruses, 1 is a mix of positive-sense (+) RNA and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses, and 2 consist of dsRNA and negative-sense (−) RNA viruses, respectively. This tree topology implies that dsRNA viruses evolved from +RNA viruses on at least two independent occasions, whereas −RNA viruses evolved from dsRNA viruses. Reconstruction of RNA virus evolution using the RdRp tree as the scaffold suggests that the last common ancestors of the major branches of +RNA viruses encoded only the RdRp and a single jelly-roll capsid protein. Subsequent evolution involved independent capture of additional genes, in particular, those encoding distinct RNA helicases, enabling replication of larger RNA genomes and facilitating virus genome expression and virus-host interactions. Phylogenomic analysis reveals extensive gene module exchange among diverse viruses and horizontal virus transfer between distantly related hosts. Although the network of evolutionary relationships within the RNA virome is bound to further expand, the present results call for a thorough reevaluation of the RNA virus taxonomy.IMPORTANCEThe majority of the diverse viruses infecting eukaryotes have RNA genomes, including numerous human, animal, and plant pathogens. Recent advances of metagenomics have led to the discovery of many new groups of RNA viruses in a wide range of hosts. These findings enable a far more complete reconstruction of the evolution of RNA viruses than was attainable previously. This reconstruction reveals the relationships between different Baltimore classes of viruses and indicates extensive transfer of viruses between distantly related hosts, such as plants and animals. These results call for a major revision of the existing taxonomy of RNA viruses.

scholarly journals RT-PCR for COVID-19: Diagnosis Made Easy

BioMedica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2S) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Osheen Sajjad ◽  
Aiman Shahzad ◽  
Saqib Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Affected Person ◽  
Sampling Procedures

<p>Coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV2), is highly contagious and has been a pandemic since March 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruswhich spreadsthrough air droplets by sneezing and coughing from affected person. The diagnosis of the COVID-19 remains a challenge to the scientists since the genome of the SARS-CoV-2 was novel and varying. Various studies have reported the validated procedures for sampling and the detection method of SARS-CoV-2. This mini-review provides a brief introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 features and the current knowledge for the recommended COVID19 detection methods including sampling procedures and real time SARS-CoV-2 genome detection.</p>

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNAs in COVID-19: Emerging Insights and Current Questions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Tobias Plowman ◽  
Dimitris Lagos
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Vascular Dysregulation ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Immune Cell Recruitment

The highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019, igniting an unprecedented pandemic. A mechanistic picture characterising the acute immunopathological disease in severe COVID-19 is developing. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute the transcribed but un-translated portion of the genome and, until recent decades, have been undiscovered or overlooked. A growing body of research continues to demonstrate their interconnected involvement in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 development by regulating several of its pathological hallmarks: cytokine storm syndrome, haemostatic alterations, immune cell recruitment, and vascular dysregulation. There is also keen interest in exploring the possibility of host–virus RNA–RNA and RNA–RBP interactions. Here, we discuss and evaluate evidence demonstrating the involvement of short and long ncRNAs in COVID-19 and use this information to propose hypotheses for future mechanistic and clinical studies.

scholarly journals Misfortune never comes singly - the first case of COVID-19 with rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhao ◽  
Zhang Cao ◽  
Changju Zhu ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Feifan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
First Case

Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a newly discovered virus, leading COVID-19 a global threaten nowadays. Case Presentation: The first case of a patient with a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) that became infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported here. The patient died suddenly from a ruptured aorta 19 h after hospital admission. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with TAA should attract the highest vigilance as COVID-19 might expedite the process of TAA rupture through cytokine storm syndrome, leading to rapid death with little or no warning signs.

Cytokine storm syndrome in SARS-CoV-2: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Braira Wahid ◽  
Noshaba Rani ◽  
Muhammad Idrees
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Human Contact

Abstract After wreaking havoc on a global level with a total of 5,488,825 confirmed cases and 349,095 deaths as of May 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is truly living up to the expectations of a 21st-century pandemic. Since the major cause of mortality is a respiratory failure from acute respiratory distress syndrome, the only present-day management option is supportive as the transmission relies solely on human-to-human contact. Patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should be tested for hyper inflammation to screen those for whom immunosuppression can increases chances of survival. As more and more clinical data surfaces, it suggests patients with mild or severe cytokine storms are at greater risk of failing fatally and hence these cytokine storms should be targets for treatment in salvaging COVID-19 patients.

Identification of the interaction between Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Residues and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youness Kadil ◽  
Mohammed Mouhcine ◽  
Imane Rahmoune ◽  
Houda Filali
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Methodological Study ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Enveloped Virus ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Contact Residues ◽  
Cell Membrane Protein

Introduction: Coronaviruses are an enveloped virus with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. It has been shown that the viral spike S glycoprotein binds to the cell membrane protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as an invasive process of the virus. The aim of this research is the application of a computational approach in the identification of the interaction residues ACE2 with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2. A methodological study to understand the interactions between SARS CoV2 and ACE2, which is essential for the development of a vaccine and an antiviral. Methods: The S protein is cleaved into two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 contains the receptor-binding domain (RBD) which allows the virus to bind directly to the peptidase domain of ACE2. Results: Our results present the overall differences in contact residues between the different chains, and an alignment between the two SARS Viruses, along with a presentation of similarity between them.Then S2 likely plays a role in membrane fusion. Conclusions : The synthesis of our results appears to provide potentially a rational set of objectives that can help in the development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Novel positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus related to alphavirus-like viruses from Fusarium graminearum

2019 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-490
Author(s):  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Haotian Zhang ◽  
Dongfang Ma ◽  
Huaigu Chen ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Positive Sense

scholarly journals Novel RNA Virus Genome Discovered in Ghost Ants (Tapinoma melanocephalum) from Hawaii

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Brettell ◽  
Gideon J. Mordecai ◽  
Purnima Pachori ◽  
Stephen J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Tapinoma Melanocephalum ◽  
Positive Sense

ABSTRACT Here, we report the full-genome sequence of Milolii virus, a novel single-stranded (positive-sense) RNA virus discovered from Tapinoma melanocephalum ants in Hawaii. The genome is 10,475 nucleotides long, encoding a polyprotein of 3,304 amino acids.

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