PELAKSANAAN KEBIJAKAN BAHASA DI PULAU BURU (Implementation of Language Policy In Buru Island)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARZIKO
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Research Method ◽  
National Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Large Influence ◽  
District Government ◽  
Joint Study ◽  
Regional Languages

Politically, in Indonesia there are three languages, namely the national language, regional languages, and foreign languages. Long before the language policy was adopted to determine the function of the three languages, the leaders of the Indonesian struggle were based on the fact that Malay had been widely used as a lingua franca throughout the archipelago throughout the archipelago and that the system was quite simple, had established and adopted the Malay language. became the unifying language for all of Indonesia and gave it the name of Indonesian. This study aims to describe the Indonesian language policy carried out by the district government in hurry. the benefits of the research are expected to be a joint study and understanding to uncover the picture of language policies that have been carried out by the district government in preserving language. the research method is descriptive qualitative. the data in this study are all the rules made by the district government in implementing language policies. the results of the study showed that the language policy in the hurry was still very minimal due to the still large influence of the Malay language that happened in the community.Keywords. Languange, Indonesian Buru. Maluku

Language Policy in South Asia

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 60-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braj B. Kachru
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
National Language ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Political ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Regional Languages

In the political divisions within South Asia there has traditionally been no organized effort for language policies.1 Language was essentially related to one's caste, village, district, and state. Beyond this, one identified with languages associated with religion (Sanskrit or Arabic), or learned and literary texts (mainly Sanskrit and Persian). At the time of Indian independence (1947), one task of the new government was to unravel the status and position of almost 560 sovereign states which were ruled by an array of mahārājās, nawābs, and lesser luminaries, depending on the size and the revenue of each state and subdivision. Each state state was a kindgom unto itself, and such political divisions did not foster a national language policy. In India, the largest country in South Asia, four languages were used for wider communication as bazār languages or languages of literature and intranational communication: Hindi (and its varieties, Hindustani and Urdu), Sanskrit, Persian, and later, English (cf., for Sanskrit, Kachru and Sridhar 1978; Sharma 1976; for English, Kachru 1969; 1982a). The Hindus tended to send their children to a pāṭhśālā (traditional Hindu school mainly for scriptural education) for the study of the scriptures and some basic knowledge of the śāastras (Sanskrit instructional texts, treatise), and the Muslims tended to send their children to a maktab (traditional school for Koranic instruction). The denominational schools (vidyāZaya) provided liberal arts instruction in Sanskrit, Persian, Hindi, Arabic, or in the regional languages.

scholarly journals Politics of Language in Indonesia (1975-2015): Study of History and Language Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Sudaryanto Sudaryanto ◽  
Soeparno Soeparno ◽  
Lilis Ferawati
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Scientific Meeting ◽  
National Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
The Political ◽  
Language Politics ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Regional Languages

Indonesia has a political concept of language that is always updated in a certain period of time. The concept was born from a scientific meeting entitled “Seminar Politik Bahasa Nasional” (1975), “Seminar Politik Bahasa” (1999) and finally, “Seminar Politik Bahasa” (2015). Each scientific meeting produces a concept of language politics that is complementary and updates the previous concept. Furthermore, the concept of language politics is closely related to the implementation of a language policy in Indonesia. The research method used is content analysis. The data sources used are books, document archives, and photographs that record language political events over a period of 40 years. The results of this study indicate that (1) the concept of national language politics in the version of the Seminar Politik Bahasa Nasional (1975) focuses more on aspects of Indonesian, regional languages, and foreign languages; the political concept of the national language version of the Seminar Politik Bahasa (1999) focuses more on aspects of Indonesian language and literature, regional language and literature, and foreign languages, and the national language politics version of the Seminar Politik Bahasa (2015) emphasizes improving the function of Indonesian language into an international language; and (2) the political concept of national language 1975 and 1999 language politics became the elaboration of Pasal 36 UUD 1945 and the 2015 political concept of language became the elaboration of UU No. 24 Tahun 2009 and PP No. 57 Tahun 2014.

A minoritized language on both sides of the border: legal framework and language policy of Catalan in Andorra and Catalonia

Multilingua ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Juan Jiménez-Salcedo
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
State Schools

Abstract This article analyzes the legislation of the two territories that have the most advanced legal framework regarding language policies towards Catalan: Andorra and Catalonia. The study of the legislation in relation to contexts of social and institutional use shows how this legal framework is not sufficient to change Catalan from being a minoritized language, since the phenomenon of minoritization is innate to the ecosystem in which languages develop. This ecosystem is conditioned by the presence of Castilian as a lingua franca on both sides of the border between Andorra and Catalonia. In the case of Andorra, its status as a cross-border microstate makes it a plurilingual space with Castilian as a socially cross-cutting language; moreover, the fact that until recently there was no network of state schools hindered Catalan language normalisation efforts. Catalonia, on the other hand, is an even more complex example on account of how the implementation of llengua pròpia policy contradicts the constitutional control the Spanish state exercises on this.

Language policies for Hong Kong schools since 1997

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Kan ◽  
Bob Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
International Communication ◽  
National Language ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Mother Tongue Education ◽  
Important Means

Francis of Education (print)/1474-8479 (online) Article 2010 Language in education debates in Hong Kong focus on the role and status of English (as the former colonial language and an important means for international communication); Cantonese, the mother tongue of the majority of the population; and Putonghua, the national language of China. This paper examines the language policy formulated in 1997–1998, and finds that it radically departed from previous policies by mandating the use of Cantonese as the medium of instruction in secondary schools. The paper then analyses two subsequent policy revisions and concludes that, while the tonal emphasis on mother-tongue education has remained, the policy revisions have reversed the language policy to previous practices that emphasised the importance of English.

University language policies and language choice among Ph.D. graduates in Estonia: The (unbalanced) interplay between English and Estonian

Multilingua ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Soler-Carbonell
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
National Language ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Global Language ◽  
A Site

AbstractThe role of English as a global language and its consequences for the internationalization of higher education are matters that have increasingly drawn the attention of researchers from different fields of language and communication. In this paper, an overview of the situation in Estonia is presented. The Estonian context has not previously been analyzed along these lines. The author suggests looking at Ph.D. dissertations as a site of tension between the need to effectively incorporate English as an academic language and the need to maintain Estonian as the national language. The article views this question in the context of some relevant language policy documents and other macro indicators. It then focuses on the number of Ph.D. dissertations defended at four main public universities in the last few years and the languages they have been written in. It appears that, although the language policy documents seem to correctly capture this tension between English and Estonian, the language most commonly used when writing dissertations is overwhelmingly English, with only the humanities providing some counterbalance to that trend. The current situation is different from that of past decades, when English was absent from Estonia’s scientific production and Estonian was significantly employed in that context, alongside Russian. In the discussion section, some lines for further inquiry are presented, together with a proposal for integrating complexity theory in such analyses.

scholarly journals Dimensions of language education policy in Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-33
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Liddicoat ◽  
Andy Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
National Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Language Education Policy ◽  
National Languages

Abstract This paper will identify the major trends that can be determined from an overall study of recent language policies across Asia. The trends can be seen across three interrelated themes, namely: the promotion and privileging of one language as the national language as part of an attempt to create a nation state, often in polities that are linguistically extremely diverse; a decrease in the promotion of indigenous languages other than the national language and the neglect of these in education in many countries; and the promotion of English as the first foreign language in education systems, often giving other ‘foreign’ languages a minimal role in education. Possible reasons and motivations for these trends will be discussed and countries where exceptions to these trends can be identified will be illustrated. The aim of the paper will be to discuss these trends and to critically evaluate selected language policies. The paper will conclude with predictions for the future linguistic ecology of the region and for the interrelationships of respective national languages, indigenous languages and English

Macro-Level policy and Micro-Level planning

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3.1-3.18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Barkhuizen ◽  
Ute Knoch
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
South African ◽  
National Language ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Micro Level

This article reports on a study which investigated the language lives of Afrikaans-speaking South African immigrants in New Zealand. Particularly, it focuses on their awareness of and attitudes to language policy in both South Africa and New Zealand, and how these influence their own and their family’s language practices. Narrative interviews with 28 participants living in towns and cities across New Zealand reveal that while living in South Africa they were generally aware of macro-level language policies in the country, and were able to articulate how these policies influenced language practices at work and within their families. The absence of an explicit national language policy in New Zealand means that these immigrants, on arrival in New Zealand, base their understanding of the linguistic context in the country on the language practices that they observe in their day-to-day lives. It is these observations which guide their decision-making with regard to their own and their family’s language practices.

Vers une historiographie des politiques des traductions en Belgique durant la période française

Target ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieven D’hulst ◽  
Michael Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
National Language ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Napoleonic Era ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
The French Revolution

The language policy of the French Revolution is known today especially for the imposition of the national language and the oppression of dialects and regional languages in France. This pilot study focuses on a less-known phenomenon of that period: translation policy. From 1790 on, several decrees stipulated the translation of national laws and decrees into the regional languages of France and some languages of other European countries. We will illustrate this translation policy focusing on translations of political and administrative texts from French into Flemish in Belgium (which was annexed by the French Republic in 1795 and remained French until the end of the Napoleonic era). We will not only try to shed some light on the conditions under which the translations published in Belgium were produced, but also analyze some typical examples drawn from different genres.

scholarly journals Bahasa Daerah dalam Kebhinekaan Bangsa Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Temon Astawa
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
National Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
National Language ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Regional Languages

<em><span lang="EN-US">Language is very important, especially seen from the function of culture and social functions in addition to other functions. It is very important for a country to have a national language which functions as a unifying tool for various ethnic groups with different backgrounds. Likewise, the function of regional languages is very important for the survival of a particular regional culture. Regional languages as one of the nation's wealth have a function as a means of communication for the supporting community. Apart from being a means of intra-ethnic communication, regional languages also function as supporters of the national language, namely Indonesian. On the basis of this function, regional languages should continue to be fostered and developed in order to strengthen the resilience of the nation's culture. Regional languages should no longer be treated as one of the cultures whose functions can be replaced by the functions of other languages. Article 36 of the 1945 Constitution states, among other things, that regional languagesthat are well maintained by their speakers will be respected and preserved by the state because these regional languages are part of the living Indonesian culture. The National Language Policy formulates that in relation to the development of state life in Indonesia towards regional autonomy and the importance of fostering and preserving regional culture, regional languagesneed to be given the widest opportunity to play a bigger role. Strengthening the existence and continuity of regional languages aims to protect regional languages which are one of the nation's wealth. Indonesian <em><span lang="EN-US">as a dynamic language can take advantage of local language vocabulary as an enrichment of Indonesian vocabulary. This attitude not only strengthens regional culture, but also strengthens national culture.</span></em></span></em>

scholarly journals A Policy Proposal for Heritage Language Conservation: A Case for Indonesia and Sarawak

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
National Language ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
The Public ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
Regional Languages

Heritage languages are declining in Indonesia and Sarawak. They need conservation due to their situations as endemic languages. Their decline could be attributed to the fact that they often do not possess significant roles in the public domains. As a result, their speakers see little rewards or prestige for maintaining them. In Indonesian and Malaysian constitutions there is a spirit for protecting heritage languages. However, their executions, through national laws, might not have provided adequate protection for the heritage languages. As heritage languages keep declining, a policy revision needs to be given consideration. A heritage language may better survive if it has some functions in the public domains. Thus, to conserve the heritage languages, there is a need for the revision of language policy, so that these languages may have roles in the public domains, with varying scope, depending on their size. Large regional languages may be given maximum roles in the public domains, while smaller regional languages may be given smaller roles. Language conservation areas could be developed, where heritage languages serve as co-official languages, besides the national language. These areas may range from a district to a province or a state.

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