scholarly journals Encoding and decoding of meaning through structured variability in intonational speech prosody

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Buxó-Lugo ◽  
chigusa kurumada
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Environmental Input ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Rich ◽  
A Current ◽  
Communication Of Meaning

Speech prosody, the rhythm and intonation in particular, plays an important role in communication of meaning. Rising vs. falling intonation contours signaling the speaker’s indented communicative meanings (i.e., asking a question vs. making a statement) has been widely recognized as a primary example of such prosody. However, what appears to be a straightforward mapping between acoustic features of prosody and hypothesized meanings in fact presents a challenge to the human perceptual and computational mechanisms. Perceptible features of prosody vary across contexts (e.g., talkers), creating ubiquitous ambiguity in the mapping. Here, we first characterize the structured nature of the variability in intonational speech prosody used to signal a question vs. a statement in English. We then demonstrate that the listener can learn to adapt their expectations about the prosody-meaning mapping according to an inferred underlying structure of the environmental input. We argue that the rich and dynamic representations of the prosodic input allow listeners to infer the mapping that is most likely given characteristics of a current context.

scholarly journals And this is what we sing – what do we sing? Exploring the football fan songs of the Northern Irish ‘Green and White Army’

2020 ◽  
pp. 101269022097971
Author(s):  
John Bell ◽  
Paul Bell
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Northern Irish ◽  
Football Fans ◽  
European Football ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Football Stadium

This paper draws upon digital recordings of Northern Ireland football fans singing in the stadium during all 10 qualifying matches for the 2016 UEFA European Football Championship. Supplemented by participant observation and interview data with 21 supporters themselves, the paper challenges assertions within the literature which focus upon the predominance of sectarian singing amongst a section of Northern Ireland football supporters. Although vocal manifestations of football fandom may initially appear to be randomly driven by irrational emotions, on the contrary, there is an underlying structure and sequence to fandom in the stadium in which certain factors promote collective singing at particular times. The paper identifies four key themes in particular: the timing in a match; whether or not a goal has been scored; if there is a lull or a break in play; and the use of musical instruments to encourage the wider collective to sing. We argue that it is important to understand the process by which collective singing occurs in the football stadium rather than fixating upon the alleged racist or sectarian psychopathology of the individuals involved. Such knowledge may assist in supporting those fan organisations that seek to challenge discriminatory behaviour in the stadium, particularly in the current context of the European (UEFA) and World football governing bodies (FIFA) punishing fans collectively, regardless of whether or not the majority in the stadium are opposed to what is being sung in their name.

scholarly journals OS DESAFIOS DO TRABALHO EM GRUPO NA PANDEMIA, A PARTIR DA EXPERIÊNCIA COM UM GRUPO DE DISCUSSÃO ONLINE SOBRE GÊNERO

polemica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Rodrigues Sapateiro ◽  
Lucas Koltun Sanvesso ◽  
Rafael Bianchi Silva
Keyword(s):  
Online Discussion ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Online Discussion Group ◽  
De Se ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Current ◽  
Online Group

Resumo: Este artigo é um relato de experiência de um grupo de discussão online com o tema “Gênero e Docência”, fruto de uma intervenção de estágio do curso de Psicologia, no contexto da pandemia do Covid-19, no Brasil. A reflexão se volta para a questão do esvaziamento do grupo. Para tanto, discutem-se temas como os desafios de se estabelecer diálogo; a formação de vínculos e a constituição de grupo; a lógica produtivista de formação, no contexto atual; e as dificuldades do trabalho com grupo, em ambiente online. A partir desses norteadores, constatou-se que não houve consolidação efetiva de um grupo de trabalho. Mesmo assim, entende-se que as hipóteses levantadas para compreender o fenômeno do esvaziamento do grupo podem contribuir com futuros estudos acerca da temática, já que este tipo de modalidade se tornou um fenômeno atual que demanda melhor compreensão para a pesquisa, no campo das ciências humanas.Palavras-chave: Grupo online. Gênero. Docência. Pandemia. Abstract: This article is an experience report of an online discussion group with the theme “Gender and Teaching”, the result of an internship intervention form the Psychology degree, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. The reflection turns to the discussion on the emptying of the group. For it, topics such as the challenges of establishing dialogue, the formation of bonds and the constitution of a group, the productive logic in academic formation in the current context and the difficulties of working with groups in an online environment are discussed. Based on these guidelines, it is stated that there was no effective consolidation of a work group. Even so, it is understood that the hypotheses raised to understand the phenomenon of group emptying can contribute to future studies on the subject, as this type of modality is a current phenomenon that demands better understanding for research in the field of human sciences.Keywords: Online group. Gender. Teaching. Pandemic. 

scholarly journals Good vibrations: A review of vocal expressions of positive emotions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza G. Kamiloğlu ◽  
Agneta H. Fischer ◽  
Disa A. Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Nonverbal Vocalizations ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Vocal Expressions

AbstractResearchers examining nonverbal communication of emotions are becoming increasingly interested in differentiations between different positive emotional states like interest, relief, and pride. But despite the importance of the voice in communicating emotion in general and positive emotion in particular, there is to date no systematic review of what characterizes vocal expressions of different positive emotions. Furthermore, integration and synthesis of current findings are lacking. In this review, we comprehensively review studies (N = 108) investigating acoustic features relating to specific positive emotions in speech prosody and nonverbal vocalizations. We find that happy voices are generally loud with considerable variability in loudness, have high and variable pitch, and are high in the first two formant frequencies. When specific positive emotions are directly compared with each other, pitch mean, loudness mean, and speech rate differ across positive emotions, with patterns mapping onto clusters of emotions, so-called emotion families. For instance, pitch is higher for epistemological emotions (amusement, interest, relief), moderate for savouring emotions (contentment and pleasure), and lower for a prosocial emotion (admiration). Some, but not all, of the differences in acoustic patterns also map on to differences in arousal levels. We end by pointing to limitations in extant work and making concrete proposals for future research on positive emotions in the voice.

scholarly journals Retos de la Investigación Educativa tras la pandemia COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Maria Pilar Colás Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Research Training ◽  
International Level ◽  
Future Challenge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Context ◽  
A Current ◽  
Young Researchers ◽  
Point Of Reference

Este texto aporta una visión panorámica sobre los retos de la investigación educativa en un contexto marcado por de pandemia COVID 19 a nivel internacional. Está basado en la lección Magistral que se impartió con motivo del Premio Iberoamericano a la excelencia en Investigación Educativa de 2020 otorgado a la autora de este artículo. El análisis de los efectos sociales, económicos, sanitarios y educativos de la pandemia COVID 19 sirve como punto de referencia para marcar posibles trayectorias científicas sobre las que transitar la investigación educativa. Se marcan como espacios de interés para nuevo estudio; las TIC y la Educación; el desarrollo sostenible y la formación investigadora, entre otros. En cada uno de ellos se señalan y proponen temáticas e interrogantes asumibles para aportar un conocimiento científico educativo valioso a la sociedad. Esta sistematización pretende orientar y animar a jóvenes investigadores a trabajar sobre cuestiones relevantes que constituyen un reto presente y futuro para la investigación educativa. This paper provides a panoramic vision of the challenges of educational research in a current context characterized by the COVID 19 pandemic at the international level. It is based on the keynote lecture given on the occasion of the 2020 Ibero-American Award for Excellence in Educational Research awarded to the author of this article. The analysis of the social, economic, health and educational effects of the COVID 19 pandemic serves as a point of reference to mark possible scientific trajectories on which educational research can travel. They are marked as spaces of interest for new studies; ICT and Education; sustainable development and research training, among others. In each one of them, themes and questions that can be assumed are pointed out and proposed to contribute valuable educational scientific knowledge to society. This systematization aims to guide and encourage young researchers to work on relevant issues that constitute a present and future challenge for educational research.

scholarly journals Preconceptual Spectral and Temporal Cues as a Source of Meaning in Speech and Music

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Reybrouck ◽  
Piotr Podlipniak
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Temporal Cues ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice

This paper explores the importance of preconceptual meaning in speech and music, stressing the role of affective vocalizations as a common ancestral instrument in communicative interactions. Speech and music are sensory rich stimuli, both at the level of production and perception, which involve different body channels, mainly the face and the voice. However, this bimodal approach has been challenged as being too restrictive. A broader conception argues for an action-oriented embodied approach that stresses the reciprocity between multisensory processing and articulatory-motor routines. There is, however, a distinction between language and music, with the latter being largely unable to function referentially. Contrary to the centrifugal tendency of language to direct the attention of the receiver away from the text or speech proper, music is centripetal in directing the listener’s attention to the auditory material itself. Sound, therefore, can be considered as the meeting point between speech and music and the question can be raised as to the shared components between the interpretation of sound in the domain of speech and music. In order to answer these questions, this paper elaborates on the following topics: (i) The relationship between speech and music with a special focus on early vocalizations in humans and non-human primates; (ii) the transition from sound to meaning in speech and music; (iii) the role of emotion and affect in early sound processing; (iv) vocalizations and nonverbal affect burst in communicative sound comprehension; and (v) the acoustic features of affective sound with a special emphasis on temporal and spectrographic cues as parts of speech prosody and musical expressiveness.

Study on Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection of the Architectural Cultural Heritage

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 2312-2315
Author(s):  
Zhi Qing Zhao ◽  
Li Tao
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Rural Culture ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Coping Methods ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
The Rich ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Relationship Of

In the current context of globalization and regional characteristics of urban and rural culture general lacking, due to the long history and has the heavy connotation, the historical cultural heritage reflected the rich local culture and traditional cultural imprint. According to the definition, the content and relationship of material cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage, this paper intensively study the non-material cultural heritage factors loaded by buildings architecture cultural heritage, and presented the problems and coping methods during the course of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection.

Crystal Growth Mechanisms and Kinetics

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Glicksman ◽  
M. E. Selleck
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Screw Dislocation ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Dislocation Mechanism ◽  
Rapid Crystallization ◽  
Interfacial Energies ◽  
Crystal Growth Kinetics ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Predictive Theory ◽  
A Current

AbstractThe scientific contributions by David Turnbull and his co-workers toward understanding crystal growth span over 35 years from the late 1940's to the present. Turnbull's early attempt (1950) to correlate interfacial energies derived from droplet supercooling measurements with other thermochemical data still provides a significant data base for estimating such energies in a variety of materials. His work with Hillig in 1956 on quantification of the screw dislocation mechanism for interfacial molecular attachment remains as a predictive theory for defect-assisted growth of faceted, and therefore kinetically hindered, interfaces. The Hillig-Turnbull screw dislocation mechanism is now ranked among such notable kinetic models for crystal growth as the Wilson-Frenkel random attachment theory and the nucleationlimited layer spreading models of Burton, Cabrera, and Frank. Turnbull's contributions and interest in elucidating crystal growth kinetics have continued throughout his long and productive career, as evidenced by his recent work with Coriell (1982) on estimates of collision limited rapid crystal growth in highly supercooled transition metals. Progress in unraveling the kinetic contributions of interfacial attachment from those of heat and solute transport will also be reviewed to provide a current context of Professor Turnbuli's contributions to the field of rapid crystallization.

scholarly journals CONTEXTOS DE CENSURA ÀS ARTES VISUAIS NO BRASIL: DUAS APROXIMAÇÕES / Visual arts censorship contexts in Brazil: two approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Juliana Proenço de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Military ◽  
A Current

Esta pesquisa propõe aproximar o “contexto” de censura às artes visuais no Brasil após 2017 ao da ditadura militar (1964–1985). Na ditadura, a censura agia via um órgão estatal oficial, extinto em 1988. Ainda assim, pode-se divisar um "contexto" atual de censura pela profusão de casos ocorridos desde 2017. Se, no passado, censurar era ato exclusivo de funcionários estatais específicos; representantes públicos, privados e até indivíduos censuraram obras de arte nos últimos anos. No curso da análise, surgem indagações sobre o perfil político ou moral da censura nos dois contextos estudados e sobre a capacidade de ambos gerarem autocensura. Argumento comum hoje é o de que a censura não passa de uma “cortina de fumaça” para interesses políticos. Urge cogitar que se lida com algo menos efêmero do que fumaça, cuja dispersão exigirá esforços concretos.Palavras-chave: Censura às artes visuais no Brasil; Ditadura militar; Órgãos estatais de censura; Censura política; Censura moral.Abstract This research proposes to approximate the “context” of censorship to visual arts in Brazil after 2017 to that of the military dictatorship (1964–1985). In the dictatorship, censorship acted via an official state institution, which was extinguished in 1988. Still, one can see a current "context" of censorship by the profusion of cases that have occurred since 2017. If, in the past, censoring was the exclusive act of specific state officials; public and private representatives and even individuals have censored works of art in recent years. In the course of the analysis, questions arise about the political or moral profile of censorship in each of the studied contexts and about the capacity of both to generate self-censorship. A common argument today is that censorship is nothing more than a “smokescreen” for political interests. There is an urgent need to consider dealing with something less ephemeral than smoke, the dispersal of which will require concrete efforts.Keywords: Censorship of visual arts in Brazil; Military dictatorship; State censorship; Political censorship; Moral censorship. 

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