Poor quality of sleep and its consequences on mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seriously affected all Italy. The extreme virulence, the speed of propagation resulted in restrictions and home confinement. This change was immediately perceived by people who found themselves exposed to feelings of uncertainty, fear, anger, stress and a drastic change in the diurnal but above all nocturnal lifestyle. For these reasons, we aimed to study the quality of sleep and its connection to distress levels and evaluate how lifestyle changed in the Italian population during the lockdown.MethodsThrough an internet survey we recruited 6,519 adults during the whole COVID-19 lockdown (from 10thMarch – 1st phase - to 4th May – 2nd phase). We investigated the socio-demographic and COVID-19 related information and assessed sleep quality using the Medical Outcomes Study - sleep scale (MOS-SS) and mental health with the short form of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales – 21 Items (DASS-21). Multiple logistic regression model was used to evaluate the multivariate association between the dependent variable (good sleeper vs. poor sleeper) and all the variables that were significant in the univariate analysis.Results3,562 (55.32%) participants reported poor sleep quality according to the MOS-Sleep Index II score. The multiple binary logistic regression results of poor sleepers reveal several risk factors during the outbreak restrictions: female gender, living in Central Italy, having someone close who died due to COVID-19, markedly changed sleep-wake rhythm characterized by earlier or postponed habitual bedtime, earlier habitual awakening time and reduced number of afternoon naps, extremely severe levels of stress, of anxiety, and of depression. ConclusionsThis is the first study designed to understand sleep quality and sleep habits during the whole lockdown in the Italian population that provides more than 6,000 participants in a survey developed specifically for the health emergency related to COVID-19. Our study found that more than half of the Italian population have had impaired sleep quality and sleep habits elevated psychological distress during the COVID-19 lockdown containment measures. A multidisciplinary action should be taken in order to plan appropriate responses to the current crisis caused by the COVID-19 health emergency.

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Quality of Sleep in the Cypriot Population and Its Association With Multimorbidity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.693332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Kyprianidou ◽

Demosthenes Panagiotakos ◽

Maria Kambanaros ◽

Konstantinos C. Makris ◽

Costas A. Christophi

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Adult Population ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validated Questionnaire

Poor sleep is a relatively common condition with possibly serious adverse health consequences. Lack of sleep affects the endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. In Cyprus, there is no information about the quality of sleep in the population. The goal of this study was to assess the quality of sleep in the Cypriot population and evaluate its association with multimorbidity. A representative sample of the adult population of Cyprus was selected in 2018–2019 among the five government-controlled municipalities of the Republic of Cyprus using stratified sampling. Data on sleep quality as well as on the presence of chronic, clinical, and mental health conditions were collected using a validated questionnaire. Diseases were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). A total of 1,140 Cypriot men and women over 18-years of age (range: 18–94) participated in the study. The median Pittsburgh sleep quality index score of the participants was 5 (first quartile = 3, third quartile = 7) with the maximum score being 17, which suggests that the Cypriot population has a relatively good quality of sleep overall, although, almost one-third of the study population had a poor quality of sleep. Women, residents of Paphos, and married people had a poorer quality of sleep (p < 0.05). Having a poor quality of sleep was associated with higher odds of multimorbidity (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.55, 3.16), even after adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors. Adopting good sleep habits could be beneficial and would potentially help reduce the risk of multimorbidity. Public health guidelines regarding the importance of sleep and its association with multimorbidity should be considered.

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ASSOCIATION OF SLEEP PROBLEMS AND COMMON MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING STUDENTS OF SGT UNIVERSITY, GURUGRAM, INDIA

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/12136 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 148-155

Author(s):

Niyatisheokand a ◽

◽

Nimmi A. Jose ◽

Abhishek Kapoor ◽

Priya Arora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Engineering Students ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Poor Sleep Quality

Introduction:Sleep is naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered consciousness, inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles and reduced interactions with surroundings. Chronic disturbances can lead to poor sleep quality which may manifest as increased irritability, anxiety, tension, depression, confusion. The undergraduate years are a period of vulnerability when considering sleep problems and mental health may tend to worsen over time. Alcohol, tobacco, and stimulant beverages such as tea/ caffeine affect the quality of sleep. Students are more prone to adopt and practice maladaptive sleep hygiene such as irregular bedtime, academic pressure, internet addiction, electronic media exposure, alcohol consumption and smoking, which affects quality of sleep. Material and Methods:The study was a cross sectional, interview based, non-interventional studyconducted on the engineering students at SGT University, Budhera, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. Data was collected through questionnaires such as Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, The Epworth `Sleepiness Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, The general health questionnaire. Results:A total of 274 students were included in the study. The mean age was20.11 Â± 1.30 years and there were more male (77.3%) students as compared to females (22.7%). Alcohol use was present in 43(11.7%) of students, cannabis intake was present in 11(4%), nicotine intake was reported by 39(14.2%) of students and only one student reported of taking opioid. DASS-A, DASS-S, DASS-D, GHQ-12, PSQI were positively correlated with each other when associations were studied individually. Conclusion:In our study,it was established that poor sleep quality in engineering students was significantly associated with poor mental and physical health.

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Assessment of Sleep Habits and Quality of Sleep among Elderly Residing in Rural Areas of Patiala: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

International Healthcare Research Journal ◽

10.26440/ihrj/0507.10466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. OR1-OR4

Author(s):

Yashika Kaushal ◽

Ratibha Kausal ◽

Isha Sharma ◽

Sheenab Mittal

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

The Elderly ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Difficulty

INTRODUCTION: Among the elderly, sleep problems are quite prevalent and can lead to many adverse health consequences. AIM: To assess the quality of sleep among the elderly residing in rural population and factors related to it, and provide necessary recommendations for its prevention. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, elderly aged above 60 years residing in Patiala were taken and were interviewed separately using the modified version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which was pre-tested and pre-validated prior to commencement of the study. Data recorded was divided into seven components and each component had an individual range of 0 (no difficulty) to 3 (severe difficulty) points and added to obtain a combined score of the individual with a range of 0(no difficulty)-21(severe difficulty) points. Based on the combined score, elderly obtaining a total score of 5 or greater was classified as having “poor sleep quality”. Statistics were applied using SPSS version 22.0, using the student’s t- test, and multivariate analysis. A p value < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: Out of 108 elderly people, most of the participants (62.9%) belonged to the age group of 60-75 years, out of which the majority (65.7%) were males. Most elderly reported having “fairly good” subjective sleep quality (53.7%, p=0.01) and was found to be significant with a global PQSI score of 7.22±4.31. Multivariate analysis revealed that significant “poor sleep quality” was observed in elderly aged above 75 years (OR:1.25, p=0.01) followed by elderly who were Immobilized (wheelchair/Bed ridden) (OR: 1.87, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Efforts should be directed towards proper education of not only the elderly, but their children as well as colleagues and guardians to improve the sleep score of the elderly population.

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Understanding factors relevant to poor sleep and coping methods in people with schizophrenia

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03384-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yen-Ching Chang ◽

Megan C. Chang ◽

Yun-Jou Chang ◽

Ming-De Chen

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Coping Methods

Abstract Background Sleep disruption is pervasive in people with schizophrenia, but few studies have explored their sleep experiences. This study aims to identify factors relevant to sleep problems and explore coping methods used by community-dwelling people with schizophrenia. Methods Eighteen participants with schizophrenia were recruited from three mental health centers in Taiwan. They completed a semi-structured interview and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) assessment. The Person-Environment-Occupation model offered a framework to assess factors related to sleep. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data analysis. Results Factors related to sleep were classified under person, environment, and occupation domains. The person domain included three subthemes: psychiatric symptoms, unpleasant emotions, and frustration about sleep. The environment domain included three subthemes: sensory intrusions from the environment, quality of bedding, and roommates. The occupation domain included sleep interruption and sleep preparation. There were notable discrepancies in sleep quality between the participants’ narratives and their PSQI global scores. Regarding coping methods for poor sleep, sleep medication was the primary strategy while some participants also used other strategies, such as modifying the environment, adjusting routines, or engaging in activities that improve sleep quality. Conclusions Psychiatric symptoms and nightmares were identified as unique sleep disruptions in people with schizophrenia, and poor economic status was also found to impact their sleep. The sleep quality of people with schizophrenia tends to be poor, as identified by the PSQI, even though they may have positive perceptions of their sleep quality. Our participants appeared to prefer to take hypnotics to address their sleep problems, which may be due to limited knowledge about alternatives. Mental health professionals are encouraged to receive training in the application of non-pharmacological approaches to support their clients’ issues related to sleep.

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Physical Activity as a Predictor of the Level of Stress and Quality of Sleep during COVID-19 Lockdown

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115811 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5811

Author(s):

Anna Lipert ◽

Remigiusz Kozłowski ◽

Dariusz Timler ◽

Michał Marczak ◽

Kamila Musiał ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Online Survey ◽

Short Form ◽

Well Being ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Low Level ◽

The Government

Background: The coronavirus pandemic and the government restrictions significantly disturbed the daily functioning of people, thereby influencing healthy behaviors, such as physical activity—the core indicator of well-being. This study evaluates the associations between physical activity (PA), the level of stress and quality of sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Methods: An online survey was distributed during the governmental lockdown in April 2020 and included measures for assessing physical activity, stress and sleep. The surveyed participants included all adults aged 18 years and over. The final data were collected from the 1959 respondents using: International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Findings: Almost half of the respondents indicated a low level of PA, performing only 60 min of PA daily. Most of the participants reported a moderate or high level of stress (57% and 29%, respectively) and 64% of them reported poor quality of sleep. People with low levels of stress performed on average 85.1 min/day of walking (WPA), 40.9 min/day of moderate PA (MPA) or 52.6 min/day of vigorous PA (VPA). People with good quality of sleep performed 82.9 min/day of WPA, 43.6 min/day MPA and 40.5 min/day VPA. Interpretation: The results from the study indicate that the volume of daily PA may be a predictor of the level of stress and sleep quality in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. To retain a low level of stress and good quality of sleep, a lifestyle that allows to achieve a moderate level of physical activity should be maintained. The optimal daily dose of PA is at least 70 min per day, involving different intensities.

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Burden of Care and Its Relationship with Sleep Quality of Cancer Patients’ Caregivers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-839655/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammadreza Boostaneh ◽

Mohammad Zirak ◽

Ramezan Fallah

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Burden Of Care ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Study Results ◽

Northwest Of Iran ◽

The Mean ◽

Convenience Sampling

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to assess the burden of care and its relationship with sleep quality of cancer patients’ caregivers.Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in a referral center of cancer in Zanjan, northwest of Iran. 135 caregivers of cancer patients were recruited through convenience sampling method. The data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire, Novak and Guest’s caregiver burden inventory and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The mean (± SD) age of the participants was 39.71 (± 10.74) years. The mean (± SD) burden of care and sleep quality of the participants was 45.22 (± 17.75) and 8.88 (± 4.21), respectively. It was found that there is a significant positive relationship between burden of care and quality of sleep scores (r = 0.65, P < 0.001).Conclusion: cancer patients’ caregivers endure a remarkable burden of care and their sleep quality is undesirable. Results indicated that an increase in the burden of care reduces the caregiver’s quality of sleep. High burden of care and poor sleep quality may reduce the quality of the provided care that increase the costs and weakens the disease prognosis. According to the study results, reducing burden of care is an effective strategy regarding improving the caregivers’ quality of sleep that can improve the quality of provided cares by caregivers.

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Prevalence, Correlations, and Impact of Sleep Disturbance in Chinese Meningioma Patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-407966/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dandan Zhang ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Xixi Gu ◽

Zhifeng Gu ◽

Liren Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Short Form ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Purpose Sleep disturbance is common in meningioma patients and may lead to disease aggravation and decreases health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, the sleep quality of meningioma patients newly diagnosed and ready for surgery has not been well clarified in China. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, correlates, and impact of sleep disturbance among Chinese meningioma patients. Methods In this cross-sectional study, meningioma patients were recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2020 to November 2020. A series of questionnaires were applied: the 0–10 Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Short-Form 36 (SF-36), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Independent samples t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square analysis, Pearson/Spearman correlation, and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results 100 meningioma patients completed the questionnaires. Sleep disturbance affected 43% of the meningioma patients and was linked to many concomitant symptoms, such as headache, fatigue, anxiety and depression. Binary logistic regression indicated that fatigue and headache were predictors of sleep disturbance in meningioma patients. Meanwhile, severe sleep disturbance led to lower quality of life. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that a considerable number of meningioma patients newly diagnosed and ready for surgery suffered from sleep disturbance, potentially contributing to impair HRQoL. Medical personnel should pay more attention to meningioma patients with sleep disturbance and take effective measures to improve sleep quality, with the ultimate goal to improve their HRQoL.

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Quality of Sleep and Quality of Life during Pregnancy

Journal of the Korean Neurological Association ◽

10.17340/jkna.2020.3.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 188-193

Author(s):

Keun Tae Kim ◽

Hyoeun Bae ◽

Jin Gon Bae ◽

Yong Won Cho

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Short Form ◽

Life Quality ◽

Control Group ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sf 36

Background: The prevalence of sleep disorders increases as pregnancy progresses, which affects the health of pregnant women, fetal health, and the outcomes of pregnancy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of sleep and life in pregnant women in Korea.Methods: This study is a prospective cross-sectional, case-control study of pregnant women and age-matched controls. From July to September 2019, all participants completed Korean-language versions of the sleep questionnaires including Pittsburgh sleep quality index (K-PSQI), Insomnia severity index, Epworth sleepiness scale, Back’s depression inventory-2(K-BDI), STOP (Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apneas, and high blood Pressure), and short-form 36 (K-SF-36).Results: A total of 422 participants consisted of 385 pregnant women and 137 controls. Second and third trimester were 200 and 185, respectively. K-PSQI scores were higher in pregnant women compared with the controls (7.87±3.49 and 8.50±3.55 vs. 5.79±2.76, <i>p</i><0.001). Total score of K-SF-36 was lowest in third trimester (62.07±17.72) and highest in the control group(79.41±13.36). There was no statistical difference between groups in K-BDI.Conclusions: This study demonstrated worsening of sleep quality as well as life quality during pregnancy. More attention to sleep of pregnant women is needed.

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Quality of sleep and burnout among undergraduate medical students at the university of Nairobi, Kenya

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.742 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S279-S279

Author(s):

Linda Nyamute ◽

Muthoni Mathai ◽

Anne Mbwayo

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Medical Students ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

The University

AimsThe main objective was to determine whether quality of sleep is associated with burnout among undergraduate medical students at the University of Nairobi.The null hypothesis in our study population was; 'There is no significant association between poor sleep quality and burnout'.BackgroundIn a pressure prevailing environment, medical students find themselves in a vicious cycle of cutting down on sleep in attempts to cope and adjust to increasing workloads. Students with poor sleep quality have been found to perform worse in their board exam and have strained social engagements. Ultimately, this chronic sleep deprivation may lead to burnout which may cause diminished sense of accomplishment and impaired professional conduct, that may be carried on to the career as a physician. High levels of burnout have been associated with suicides.MethodThe sample size obtained was 384 and participants were selected by a mixed sampling method. Data collection was through self-administered questionnaires. Scales used for this study were the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory(OLBI).Ethical considerations were adhered to and approval obtained from the Kenyatta National Hospital-University of Nairobi(KNH-UON) Ethics Board. Data entry and analysis was by SPSS v23. Data from 336 questionnaires were deemed fit for analysis.ResultWith a response rate of 87.5%, the prevalence of poor sleep quality and burnout were 69.9% and 74.7% respectively. There was a significant positive association between poor sleep quality and female gender, clinical years of study, living with family, poorly perceived socio-economic state and poor subjective academic performance. In addition, being female, younger, pre-clinical years, living independently off-campus and poor subjective academic performance were significantly associated with higher levels of burnout.Burnout had a significant correlation with poor sleep quality. Daytime functioning, a component of sleep quality had the highest correlation with components of burnout, disengagement and exhaustion. Overall, 57% of the respondents had both poor sleep quality &burnout, while only 12% were good sleepers with no burnout. Furthermore, having poor sleep increased the risk of having burnout by 2.8times. It is crucial that students adopt better sleeping habits to reduce the risk of burnout.ConclusionWith the high prevalence of poor sleep quality and burnout, peer-support groups and peer-led mentorship programs are recommended within this population to help deal with expectations, challenges and difficulties encountered within the course of medical education, in addition to preparing for the early future careers.

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The use of gadgets and their relationship to poor sleep quality and social interaction on mid-adolescents: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2019-0101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ilya Krisnana ◽

Venni Hariani ◽

Iqlima Dwi Kurnia ◽

Yuni Sufyanti Arief

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social

AbstractBackgroundMid-adolescents dominate the number of gadget users in Indonesia. The use of gadgets to a high intensity can cause various problems such as poor sleep quality and decreased social interaction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the intensity of the use of gadgets and the quality of sleep and social interaction in adolescents.MethodThe research design used was a correlational research study with a cross-sectional approach. Through the calculation of the sample, the respondents were 250 adolescents who met the inclusion criteria, namely (1) adolescents aged 15–18 years and (2) teens who owned and used gadgets. The sampling method used simple random sampling by conducting a lottery system in each class. The independent variable was the intensity of using the gadget, while the dependent variable was the quality of sleep and social interaction. Data collection focused on the intensity of gadget use using questionnaires and it was analyzed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). The data was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation with α = 0.05.ResultsThe results showed that the intensity of gadget use was positively related to poor sleep quality in adolescents (p = <0.001; r = 0.555). The intensity of the use of gadgets was also related to social interaction with a negative direction. The higher the intensity of the use of gadgets, the lower the social interaction in adolescents (p = 0.001; r = –293).ConclusionThe use of gadgets in the mid-adolescent years is related to sleep disorders as regards the latency and duration of sleep. Adolescents are more likely to engage in social interaction and communication through gadgets than face to face.

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