A macro context theory of academic self-concept: Ability stratification and the big-fish-little-pond effect

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Parker ◽  
Theresa Dicke ◽  
Jiesi Guo ◽  
Herb Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ability Levels ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

Governments rarely aim at altering the way children view themselves. Yet, governments, culture, and social norms shape the social settings children find themselves in (i.e., the amount of ability stratification in the education system). Reviewing sociological, economic, and psychological literature we construct a theory that states that any macro influence which leads children to be schooled with peers of similar ability levels (ability stratification) will bias children’s academic self-concepts via larger Big-Fish-Little-Pond effects (the negative effect of school average achievement on academic self-concept). Applying meta-analysis to estimates derived from four cycles of the Trends in International Math and Science Study we test the hypothesis that the relationship between achievement stratification and the effect of school average achievement on academic self-concept will be large and negative. Findings strongly support our hypothesis (r < -.50).

Hours of Paid Work and Volunteering: Evidence From Danish Panel Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 089976402199166
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Y. Qvist
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Time Constraint ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Constraint Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

The nature of the relationship between the time people spend on paid work and volunteering remains debated in the social sciences. Time constraint theory suggests a negative relationship because people can allocate only as much time to volunteering as their work responsibilities permit. However, social integration theory suggests a more complex inverse U-shaped relationship because paid work not only limits people’s free time but also plays a key role in their social integration. Departing from these competing theories, this study uses two-wave panel data from Denmark to examine the relationship between hours of paid work and volunteering. In support of time constraint theory, the results suggest that hours of paid work have a significant negative effect on the total number of hours that people spend volunteering, not mainly because paid work hours affect people’s propensity to volunteer but because they affect the number of hours that volunteers contribute.

scholarly journals The relationship between Internet use and self-concept clarity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Elena Petre
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

There are three hypotheses regarding the relationship between Self-Concept Clarity (SCC) and Internet use. It was argued that Internet use: 1) decreases SCC, 2) increases SCC, 3) does not relate with SCC. The present study, in the form of a systematic and meta-analytic synthesis, aimed to explore: a) the extent empirical evidence can support each hypothesis; b) how Internet use-SCC relationship was addressed across studies; c) the intensity of the Internet use –SCC relationship; d) potential moderators. Twenty-one studies (N = 8,910) met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review (i.e., being quantitative, written in English, concerned with Internet use -SCC relationship) and 11 studies (N = 3,298) met the additional criteria for meta-analysis (i.e., being correlational, using self-evaluation instruments, quantifying general Internet use and including the information needed to calculate the meta-analysis specific indicators). Results emphasized that all three hypotheses are plausible, as distinct dimensions of Internet use related differently with SCC. However, the conclusions were limited by the extensive use of cross-sectional design. For general Internet use and SCC relationship the overall effect was -0.350, p < .01. Some moderators were significant: cultural background, Internet operationalization, age homogeneity, participants rewarding. This paper outlines the complexity of SCC – Internet relationship and underlines some of the gaps that should be further addressed. Implications and limits of the study (e.g., publication bias, excluded outcomes in the meta-analysis or possible omission of moderators) are discussed.

scholarly journals Pass in language, maths... and TV

Comunicar ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Tania Jiménez-Palacio ◽  
María José Revuelta-Bayod
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Education System ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Alternative Teaching ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Social ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

A new debate has arrived to the Education System. It deals with the need of an alternative teaching, an education that exceeds the academic traditions and studies the social relations, such as the relationship between media and society. Citizens must access an audiovisual teaching, because it is important to unders-tand how television, radio stations, newspapers, etc., work when they inform us, show us the culture or even build our dreams. People must know about the media’s economic and political interests, and also how the audience could make use of communication mass media.En el sistema educativo se ha abierto un debate acerca de la importancia de alfabetizar en otros sentidos que sobrepasan la tradición académica y que se adentran en el análisis de relaciones sociales contextualizadas, como puede ser la relación medios de comunicación-sociedad. Las autoras defienden que es importante que los ciudadanos accedan a una alfabetización audiovisual que les permita contar con recursos para entender el funcionamiento de los medios informativos y culturales como fabricantes de sueños, conocer sus intereses como empresas y poderes fácticos que son, captar sus estrategias de manipulación y persuasión, y comprender cómo nosotros, receptores, podemos utilizarlos.

Rules of address in Italy: a sociological survey

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bates ◽  
Laura Benigni
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractStudies of address forms have almost always concentrated on a single set of rules, as they would be used by one idealized speaker. We proposed instead to examine the use of address pronouns in Italy as a function of the classical sociological parameters of age, sex and social class. A modified version of the Brown and Gilman questionnaire was administered in interviews with 117 Italian adults. Results indicate a powerful age—class interaction in overall degree of formality. Young upper class Ss are by far the least formal of the social groups — a particularly interesting finding, since Brown and Gilman's original study was drawn entirely from this population. Lower class youth are the most formal, with older Ss falling in between. Most Italians are likely to expect to receive the same address form that they give; the only clearly functional non-reciprocal relationships involve differences in age rather than status. The relationship of the results to political measures are also discussed. Several issues are examined from the point of view of sociolinguistic ‘ideals’ tapped by the questionnaire, vs. actual behavior in social settings. (Address forms (T/V pronouns); social class, age, and sex differences; Italy (Rome).)

scholarly journals Relationship between Physical Self-Concept and Social Personality Development of Adolescents Participating in Marine Sports Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S6) ◽  
pp. 202-207
Keyword(s):  
Personality Development ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
School Education ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Sports Activities

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the physical self-concept and social personality development of adolescents participating in marine sports activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the physical self-concept and social personality development of adolescents participating in marine sports activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the physical self-concept and social personality development of adolescents participating in marine sports activities. In conclusion, it was seen that physical self-concept of adolescents participating in marine sports activities had a partial influence on the adolescent’s social personality development. Conclusively, it can be seen that physical self-concept of adolescents participating in marine sports activities can positively help the development of the adolescent’s social personality. As it is the case that most of the curricula and school education of Korea is focused on athletics, it is the case that an adolescent could be seen to be deprived of wide learning opportunities if the youth is prohibited or unable to live with access to being in nature. Raising the interest in marine sports for adolescents who will play the leading role in the future of marine nations, and will be a determining factor in improving the physical self-concept of youths through marine sports activities, which can also help the social personality development of the youths as they mature to adulthood. The basic data for achieving this information was provided through this study and the data from the study confirms the results

scholarly journals Fear of Evaluation and Online Self-Disclosure on WeChat: Moderating Effects of Protective Face Orientation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runxi Zeng ◽  
Di Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Loss Of Face ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fear Of Positive Evaluation ◽  
Positive Evaluation

Fear of evaluation is a key factor that affects how social media users present themselves to others, but little is known about the effects and mechanisms involved, especially on the relationship between fear of positive evaluation and online self-disclosure. This study explores how fear of evaluation affects online self-disclosure and examines how this relationship is moderated by protective face orientation in the Chinese context. A total of 750 Chinese WeChat users constituted the sample for a questionnaire-based analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that both fear of positive evaluation and fear of negative evaluation had a significant negative effect on the amount of online self-disclosure and a significant positive effect on the depth of online self-disclosure. Protective face orientation had a moderating effect on the relationship between fear of evaluation and online self-disclosure for both the amount and depth of online self-disclosure. Our findings suggest that social network site (SNS) users' fear of evaluation can be attributed to their cognitive attitude toward the external environment, and the loss of face in the Chinese context can be included in the social context.

Spatiality as Care: A Heideggerian Perspective on Sociomaterial Practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1733-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Lamprou
Keyword(s):  
Practical Significance ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Design Production ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between technological artefacts and the social settings of their design, production and use has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly through the emergence of the sociomateriality literature. This paper reviews extant conceptualizations and discusses the contribution of a Heideggerian perspective to the study of sociomaterial practices. Drawing on insights from Heidegger’s ‘existential spatiality’, an alternative view of spatiality is presented, namely, spatiality as care rather than physical extendedness. Then, the sensitizing concepts of ‘theoretical significance’ and ‘practical significance’ of technological artefacts are introduced grounded in these insights. Finally, implications of spatiality as care for the emergence and change of sociomaterial practices are discussed.

scholarly journals KONSEP DIRI DAN KEBERMAKNAAN HIDUP PADA REMAJA DI PANTI ASUHAN

Proyeksi ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Kharisma Nail Mazaya ◽  
Ratna Supradewi
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Service Unit ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara empiris hubungan antara konsep diri dengan kebermaknaan hidup pada remaja putri di Panti Asuhan Sunu Ngesti Tomo Jepara. Hipotesis yang diajukan yaitu ada hubungan positif antara konsep diri dengan kebermaknaan hidup pada remaja di Panti Asuhan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua remaja  penghuni panti asuhan di bawah UPT Dinas Sosial Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja penghuni Panti Asuhan Ngesti Tomo Jepara, berusia antara 15 sampai 21 tahun. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan  purpossive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 51 orang. Kedua variabel dalam penelitian ini diukur dengan menggunakan skala kebermaknaan hidup dan konsep diri. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu teknik korelasi product moment. Hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai korelasi rxy = 0,595 dengan p= 0,000 (p < 0,01). Hal ini menunjukkan ada hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan antara konsep diri dengan kebermaknaan hidup pada remaja di Panti Asuhan Sunu Ngesti Utomo Jepara. Artinya semakin tinggi konsep diri yang dimiliki remaja maka, semakin tinggi pula kebermaknaan hidupnya. Sebaliknya semakin rendah konsep diri yang dimilikinya, maka semakin rendah pula kebermaknaan hidupnya. Hasil dari uji korelasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis diterima. Kata kunci : konsep diri, kebermaknaan hidup, remaja, Panti Asuhan.  SELF CONCEPT AND LIFE MEANINGFULNESS AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN ORPHANAGE Abstract This study aimed to empirically determine the relationship between self-concept and meaningfulness of life among adolescent girls in the orphanage Sunu Ngesti Tomo Jepara. The hypothesis proposed that there is a positive relationship between self-concept and meaningfulness of life in adolescents at the Orphanage. The populations in this study were all young residents of the orphanage under the Social Service Unit of Central Java Province. The samples in this study were juvenile orphanage residents Ngesti Tomo Jepara, aged between 15 to 21 years. The sampling method using purposive technique whereas the amount of samples amount was 51. Both variables in this study were measured using a scale of meaningfulness of life and self-concept. Data analysis technique used is product moment correlation technique.The results of analysis of data obtained correlation values rxy = 0.595 with p = 0.000 (p <0.01). This suggests there was a very significant positive relationship between self-concept and meaningfulness of life in adolescents at the Orphanage Sunu Ngesti Utomo Jepara. This means that the higher the self-concept that the adolescent has, the higher the meaningfulness of life. Conversely the lower the self-concept has, then the lower the meaningfulness of life. The results of correlation test showed that the hypothesis is accepted. Keywords: Self concept, meaningfulness of life, teenager, orphanage

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