ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EMOTIONAL STABILITY AND SUICIDALITY IN A BRAZILIAN SAMPLE OF THE GENERAL POPULATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE MODERATION ROLE OF FINANCIAL HARDSHIP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Mateus Joaquim ◽  
Alexandre Paim Diaz ◽  
Danielle de Souza Costa ◽  
André Luiz Braule Pinto ◽  
Rafaela Ferreira Guatimosim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Financial Hardship ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables

Introduction: Emotional stability is considered to be a protective factor for suicidal behavior. Nonetheless, suicidality is the result of a complex interaction of protective and risk factors, a key one being financial difficulties. Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between emotional stability and suicidality in Brazilian individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic and the moderation role of financial hardship. Method: A total of 2140 participants, 79.4% women, answered an online survey from November 2020 to January 2021, containing questions about suicidality as well as concerning economic hardship. The personality data was assessed with the TIPI. We used Pearson chi-square to compare categorical variables and Student t-test to compare continuous variables. Finally, we conducted multiple regression and moderation analysis using SPSS PROCESS v3.5 Macro model 1. Results: The participants who reported not having presented a wish to die, suicide intent, or suicide attempt in the previous month showed a significantly higher level of emotional stability. There was a significant interaction with financial hardship (p=0,006) for suicide attempt as the outcome, with significant association between emotional stability and suicide attempts only in the absence of financial hardship. Conclusion: The presence of financial hardship may suppress the protective role of emotional stability in suicidal behavior.

Pulling Together – The Protective Role of Belongingness for Depression, Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Among Suicide-Bereaved Individuals

Crisis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yossi Levi-Belz ◽  
William Feigelman
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Israeli Population ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Suicide Bereaved

Abstract. Background: While belongingness has frequently been investigated in the general population as an antidote to experiencing depression, suicidal thoughts, and suicidal behavior, it has rarely been evaluated as a protective factor among individuals bereaved by suicide. Aims: We examined whether perceived belongingness could moderate the differences between suicide-bereaved, suicide-exposed, and nonexposed respondents regarding depression, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts. Method: We conducted an online survey of the adult Israeli population ( N = 806), with 203 suicide-bereaved, 266 suicide-exposed, and 377 nonexposed respondents. Participants completed several questionnaires tapping depression and suicidality as well as perceived belongingness levels. Results: Individuals bereaved by suicide reported the highest levels of depression, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts in comparison with suicide-exposed and nonexposed individuals. However, belongingness was found to moderate these distinctions concerning suicide ideation and suicide attempts. Limitations: Belongingness was assessed by only a single question, and the online survey suffered from a relatively high nonresponse rate. Conclusion: Our results suggest that belongingness may act as a potent antidote to the adverse mental health consequences among individuals bereaved by suicide. Clinicians should accord adequate attention to fostering social connectedness among their clients bereaved by suicide.

Testing the Strain Theory of Suicide – The Moderating Role of Social Support

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Lew ◽  
Ksenia Chistopolskaya ◽  
Yanzheng Liu ◽  
Mansor Abu Talib ◽  
Olga Mitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Strains ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract. Background: According to the strain theory of suicide, strains, resulting from conflicting and competing pressures in an individual's life, are hypothesized to precede suicide. But social support is an important factor that can mitigate strains and lessen their input in suicidal behavior. Aims: This study was designed to assess the moderating role of social support in the relation between strain and suicidality. Methods: A sample of 1,051 employees were recruited in Beijing, the capital of China, through an online survey. Moderation analysis was performed using SPSS PROCESS Macro. Social support was measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and strains were assessed with the Psychological Strains Scale. Results: Psychological strains are a good predictor of suicidality, and social support, a basic need for each human being, moderates and decreases the effects of psychological strains on suicidality. Limitations: The cross-sectional survey limited the extent to which conclusions about causal relationships can be drawn. Furthermore, the results may not be generalized to the whole of China because of its diversity. Conclusion: Social support has a tendency to mitigate the effects of psychological strains on suicidality.

Interactive Effects of Acute Suicidal Affective Disturbance and Pain Persistence on Suicide Attempt Frequency and Lethality

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Thomas E. Joiner
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Affective Disturbance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Acute suicidal affective disturbance (ASAD) has been proposed as a suicide-specific entity that confers risk for imminent suicidal behavior. Preliminary evidence suggests that ASAD is associated with suicidal behavior beyond a number of factors; however, no study to date has examined potential moderating variables.  Aims: The present study tested the hypotheses that physical pain persistence would moderate the relationship between ASAD and (1) lifetime suicide attempts and (2) attempt lethality. Method: Students ( N = 167) with a history of suicidality completed self-report measures assessing the lifetime worst-point ASAD episode and the presence of a lifetime suicide attempt, a clinical interview about attempt lethality, and a physical pain tolerance task. Results: Physical pain persistence was a significant moderator of the association between ASAD and lifetime suicide attempts ( B = 0.00001, SE = 0.000004, p = .032), such that the relationship between ASAD and suicide attempts strengthened at increasing levels of pain persistence. The interaction between ASAD and pain persistence in relation to attempt lethality was nonsignificant ( B = 0.000004, SE = 0.00001, p = .765). Limitations: This study included a cross-sectional/retrospective analysis of worst-point ASAD symptoms, current physical pain perception, and lifetime suicide attempts. Conclusion: ASAD may confer risk for suicidal behavior most strongly at higher levels of pain persistence, whereas ASAD and pain perception do not influence attempt lethality.

scholarly journals The Role of Past Suicidal Behavior on Current Suicidality: A Retrospective Study in the Israeli Military

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Leah Shelef ◽  
Jessica M Rabbany ◽  
Peter M Gutierrez ◽  
Ron Kedem ◽  
Ariel Ben Yehuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Significant Difference

Past suicide attempts are a significant risk factor for future suicidality. Therefore, the present military-based study examined the past suicidal behavior of soldiers who recently made a severe suicide attempt. Our sample consisted of 65 active-duty soldiers (61.5% males), between the ages of 18 and 28 years old (M = 20.4, SD ± 1.3). The inclusion criterion was a recent severe suicide attempt, requiring at least a 24 h hospitalization. This sample was divided into two groups, according to previous suicidal behavior, namely whether their first suicide attempt was before or after enlistment (n = 25; 38.5% and n = 40; 61.5%, respectively). We then examined the lethality and intent of the recent event in regard to this division. Four measures were used to assess the subjects’ suicidal characteristics: the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. No significant difference in the severity of the suicide attempts (either actual or potential severity) were found between those who had suicide attempts before enlistment and those who had their first attempt in the service. As a matter of fact, most of the suicide attempts that occurred for the first time during military service had used a violent method (58.3%, n = 21). Finally, using multivariate analyses, we found that current thoughts and behavior, rather than past suicidality, was the strongest predictor for the lethality of suicide attempts.

Risk of suicide after attempted suicide in the population of Slovenia from 1970 to 1996

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavko Ziherl ◽  
Bojan Zalar
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Frequency Table ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Commit Suicide

AbstractObjective:All suicide attempts cannot predict suicide, therefore we examined those characteristics of suicide attempt which could most accurately predict completed suicide.Subject and methods:Subjects were all individuals registered as committed suicides (N = 16,522) or attempted suicides (N = 15,057) in the register of suicides of the Republic of Slovenia between 1970 and 1996. Log linear analysis of a frequency table was used to uncover relationship between categorical variables.Results:The model we found fit between variables: mode, number of repetitions and type, then between number of repetitions, type and gender, and between mode, type and gender.Discussion:The risk of suicide in those who previously attempted suicide is approximately 773 times higher than the risk of suicide without a previous suicide attempt. Those who attempt suicide by hanging (hanging being in Slovenia the most frequent mode of completed suicide) are at even greater risk to commit suicide.Conclusion:Our data suggests that clinicians should heighten their awareness that any suicide attempt can in some 20% predict suicide. Someone who has attempted suicide by hanging is at the highest risk of suicide.

scholarly journals The effect of sexual abuse and dissociation on suicide attempt

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silje Støle Brokke ◽  
Thomas Bjerregaard Bertelsen ◽  
Nils Inge Landrø ◽  
Vegard Øksendal Haaland
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract Background Suicide attempt is the most predictive risk factor of suicide. Trauma – especially sexual abuse – is a risk factor for suicide attempt and suicide. A common reaction to sexual abuse is dissociation. Higher levels of dissociation are linked to self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt, but the role of dissociation in suicidal behavior is unclear. Methods In this naturalistic study, ninety-seven acute psychiatric patients with suicidal ideation, of whom 32 had experienced sexual abuse, were included. Suicidal behaviour was assessed with The Columbia suicide history form (CSHF). The Brief trauma questionnaire (BTQ) was used to identify sexual abuse. Dissociative symptoms were assessed with Dissociative experiences scale (DES). Results Patients who had experienced sexual abuse reported higher levels of dissociation and were younger at onset of suicidal thoughts, more likely to self-harm, and more likely to have attempted suicide; and they had made more suicide attempts. Mediation analysis found dissociative experiences to significantly mediate a substantive proportion of the relationship between sexual abuse and number of suicide attempts (indirect effects = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.28, proportion mediated = 68%). Dissociative experiences significantly mediated the role of sexual abuse as a predictor of being in the patient group with more than four suicide attempts (indirect effects = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.19, proportion mediated = 34%). Conclusion The results illustrate the importance of assessment and treatment of sexual abuse and trauma-related symptoms such as dissociation in suicide prevention. Dissociation can be a contributing factor to why some people act on their suicidal thoughts.

How Informed is “Informed Consent” for Robotic Cardiothoracic Surgery?

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Ryan ◽  
Vasu Chirumamilla ◽  
Ricardo A. Bello ◽  
David A. D'Alessandro ◽  
Robert E. Michler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Patient Education ◽  
Cardiothoracic Surgery ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Robotic Assisted ◽  
Education Of Patients ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Objective The education of patients in the informed consent process remains a challenge for many surgeons. In cardiothoracic surgery, emerging minimally invasive techniques including robotics add another level of complexity to the patient education process. We sought to evaluate our patients’ perceptions and informed knowledge after robotic-assisted cardiothoracic surgery. Methods A survey containing questions designed to elicit patients’ perceptions about robotic cardiothoracic surgery was given postoperatively by telephone 1 month to 12 months after surgery. The survey included questions about the type of procedure, function of the organ operated on, purpose of the operation, primary “surgeon” (robot vs. human), patients’ opinion about robotic-assisted surgery, educational level, and socioeconomic background. Continuous variables are reported as mean ± SD. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using the Student t test and Pearson χ2 test, respectively. Ordinal variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. P values of <0.05 were considered significant. Results Between 2002 and 2007, 198 patients underwent robotic cardiothoracic surgery. One hundred fifty patients (76%) were contacted and 89 (45%) fully completed the survey. Of the respondents, there were 31 coronary artery bypasses, 33 pacemaker lead implantations, esophageal resections, 8 thymectomies, and 9 others. The mean age of the patients was 61.1 ± 15 years (range, 23–87) and there were 52 men (58.4%). A total of 96.6% of patients were satisfied with the information provided by the surgeon and 92.1% felt that they understood the information. The diagnosis, target organ, and procedure were correctly identified by 81 (91.0%), 83 (93.3%), and 76 (85.4%) of the patients, respectively. A total of 80 (89.9%) knew a robot was involved and 73.8% understood the role of the robot in the surgery. These results were independent of age, income, and education level achieved. Conclusions Overall, patients demonstrated an understanding of the role of the robot in their cardiothoracic surgery. Despite the increasing complexity of robotics, preoperative patient education can result in patients who are both satisfied and well educated about their cardiothoracic surgery procedures.

The Clinical Role of Micrornas (miRs) in Cytogenetically Normal (CN) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): miR-155 Upregulation Independently Identifies High-Risk Patients (Pts)

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1387-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Marcucci ◽  
Kati Maharry ◽  
Klaus H. Metzeler ◽  
Stefano Volinia ◽  
Yue-Zhong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Gene Expression Signature ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Wild Type

Abstract Abstract 1387 miR-155 is upregulated in aggressive subtypes of solid tumors and leukemia. In AML, higher miR-155 expression is associated with FLT3-ITD. However, whether miR-155 upregulation impacts on clinical outcome independently from FLT3-ITD and other prognosticators is unknown. We evaluated the prognostic impact of miR-155 in 363 CN-AML pts (153 age <60 y; 210 age ≥60 y) that were treated with cytarabine-daunorubicin-based regimens and had a median follow-up of 7.9 y (range, 2.3–12.9). miR-155 levels were measured in pretreatment marrow or blood by the NanoString nCounter assay quantifying expression of the encoding gene MIR155HG; other molecular markers were assessed centrally. High miR-155 expressers (miR-155) had higher WBC (P<.001) and were more often FLT3-ITD-positive (pos; P<.001), RUNX1-mutated (mut; <.001), WT1-mut (P=.03), ↑ ERG (P=.02) and ↑ BAALC (P=.002), and less often CEBPA-mut (P=.003), IDH2-mut (P=.004) and FLT3-TKD-pos (P=.08) than low expressers (↓ miR-155). ↑ miR-155 had lower CR rates (P<.001), shorter DFS (P=.001) and OS (P<.001), than ↓ miR-155. In multivariable analyses (MVA; Table), ↑ miR-155 was associated with lower CR rates (P=.007) and shorter OS (P<.001). Among younger pts, ↑ miR-155 had lower CR rates (P=.03) and shorter DFS (P<.001) and OS (P<.001) than ↓ miR-155. In MVA (Table), ↑ miR-155 status remained associated with worse CR rate (P=.06), shorter DFS (P=.003) and OS (P=.01). Among older pts, ↑ miR-155 had lower CR rates (P=.008) and shorter OS (P<.001); in MVA (Table), ↑ miR-155 remained associated with worse CR (P=.03) and shorter OS (P=.05). In the European LeukemiaNet classification, younger ↑ miR-155 in the Favorable (Fav) Genetic Group (GG; CEBPA-mut and/or NPM1-mut without FLT3-ITD) had lower CR rates (P=.03) and shorter DFS (P=.04) and OS (P=.02) than ↓ miR-155. In the younger Intermediate-I (Int-I) GG pts (with wild-type CEBPA, NPM1-mut with FLT3-ITD, or wild-type NPM1), miR-155 expression did not impact independently on outcome. In older pts, ↑ miR-155 had a shorter OS both in the Fav (P=.06) and Int-I GGs (P=.05) than ↓ miR-155. To gain biologic insights, we derived an Affymetrix gene-expression signature that comprised 196 mRNAs significantly correlated with miR-155 expression. Consistent with previous mechanistic studies, Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the ↑ miR-155-associated signature was enriched for genes involved in anti-apoptotic, proliferative and inflammatory activities (FDR<0.05). ↑ miR-155 was not significantly correlated with that of any other microRNAs (miRs) thereby supporting the unique role of miR-155 among the miRs in AML. In summary, miR-155 expression is independently associated with clinical outcome in CN-AML and may allow for better evaluation of molecular risk, especially in pts lacking FLT3-ITD, like those in the ELN Fav GG. Moreover, given its role in deregulation of fundamental mechanisms of cell homeostasis and the emergence of miR inhibitors, miR-155 may become a novel therapeutic target. Table. MVA in pts with primary CN-AML Group CR DFS OS OR P HR P HR P All pts miR-155 expression not significantly associated with DFS a     miR-155, ↑ v ↓ 0.46 .007 1.62 <.001     NPM1, mut v wt 2.42 .005     BAALC, ↑ v ↓ 0.37 .002 2.16 <.001     WBC, each 50 units 0.65 <.001     Age group, older v younger 0.43 .003 2.38 <.001     FLT3-ITD, pos v neg 1.78 <.001     Race, white v nonwhite 1.62 .03 Pts age < 60 y     miR-155, ↑ v ↓ 0.39 .06 2.13 .003 1.84 .01     RUNX1, mut v wt 0.21 .01     Age, each 10 y increase 0.45 .004     WBC, each 50 units 1.49 <.001     FLT3-ITD, pos v neg 2.82 <.001 1.82 .01     FLT3-TKD, pos v neg 3.27 <.001     BAALC, ↑ v ↓ 2.66 <.001 2.33 <.001     Race, white v nonwhite 2.81 .02     CEBPA, mut v wt 0.47 .02     WT1, mut v wt 2.25 .005 Pts age ≥ 60 y miR-155 expression not significantly associated with DFS     miR-155, ↑ v ↓ 0.46 .03 1.36 .05     NPM1, mut v wt 2.45 .03     BAALC, ↑ v ↓ 0.32 .004 2.18 <.001     WBC, each 50 units 0.65 .005     Age, each 10 y increase 0.48 .02     FLT3-ITD, pos v neg 1.56 .006 ↑, high expression; ↓, low expression; CR, complete remission; DFS, disease-free survival; HR, hazard ratio; mut, mutated; neg, negative; OR, odds ratio; OS, overall survival; pos, positive; WBC, white blood count; wt, wild-type. Odds ratios > (<) 1.0 mean higher (lower) CR rate and HRs > (<) 1.0 mean higher (lower) risk of relapse or death (DFS) or death (OS) for the higher values of continuous variables and the 1st category listed for categorical variables. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals The Psychological State of Family Members Who Have Experienced Various Forms of Suicide of a Loved One (Single Attempt, Chronic Suicide, Completed Suicide)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Borisonik ◽  
A.B. Kholmogorova
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Family System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
The Family

The suicidal behavior of a member of a family influences the emotional well-being of his/her relatives. This paper presents the results of a pilot study of emotional well-being, coping strategies and characteristics of the family system among relatives of persons with suicidal behavior. The study involved 40 people, the total sample was divided into three subgroups: relatives of patients who survived the first suicide attempt (n = 16); relatives of patients after multiple suicide attempts (n = 10); relatives of persons who committed suicide (n = 14). In the first part of the study, the symptoms of emotional distress were analyzed for the entire sample. Relatives of people with different forms of suicidal behavior are at risk of depression: two-thirds of the combined sample showed increased symptoms of depression. The coping strategies of positive redefinition and personal growth are negatively correlated with symptoms of depression. In the second part of the study, we analyzed differences between subgroups. The severity of the symptoms of depression is significantly higher in the subgroup of relatives of people with completed suicide compared to relatives of those who survived a single suicide attempt, the indicators of hardiness and cohesion of the family system are lower in the families of people with multiple suicide attempts compared to other forms of suicidal behavior.

scholarly journals Benefit-finding buffers the effects of quarantine on older adults’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 722-722
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Sheung-Tak Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Benefit Finding ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract Objective Older adults’ health and well-being may suffer due to prolonged social isolation leading to loneliness and increased stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study aimed to address the role of benefit-finding, defined as the capacity to derive meaning and positive aspects from stressful situations, in older adults’ adaptation to the effects of quarantine. Methods 421 participants aged 50 or above in China participated in an online survey to study the effects of quarantine on loneliness, stress, anxiety, depression and life satisfaction, and the moderating role of benefit-finding. Results The results showed that quarantine was basically unrelated to any outcome. Further analysis showed, however, that the effect of quarantine varied by levels of benefit-finding. Only people with lower benefit-finding reported a higher level of loneliness, perceived stress, anxiety and depression, but no relationships were found at higher benefit-finding. Conclusions The findings extended our understanding of the role of benefit-finding in buffering the negative impact of adversity on older people. By mitigating the effects of prolonged social isolation, benefit-finding served as a protective factor in older people’s adaptation to the sequelae of this pandemic.

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