Are neighborhoods just for nuclear families? Neighborhood satisfaction across reproductive statuses

Neighborhood Satisfaction ◽

Nuclear Families ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Related Stress ◽

Both urban planners and urban scholars have been keenly interested in identifying the characteristics associated with neighborhood satisfaction. One robust but surprising pattern is that the presence or number of children in a household has no effect on neighborhood satisfaction. To clarify this pattern, we measured the neighborhood satisfaction of a representative sample of 1000 Michigan adults, whom we divided into six distinct reproductive statuses: co-parents, single-parents, empty nesters, not-yet-parents, childless individuals, and childfree individuals. We found that a simple parent vs. non-parent dichotomy hides significant heterogeneity among these groups. Co-parents and not-yet-parents both experience distinctively high levels of neighborhood satisfaction, while single parents and childfree individuals experience significantly less neighborhood satisfaction. We also find that population density and COVID-related stress reduce the neighborhood satisfaction of each group in similar ways. We conclude by reflecting on the methodological and practical implications of differences in neighborhood satisfaction when more nuanced reproductive statuses are considered.

Genotyping Error Detection Through Tightly Linked Markers

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/164.3.1161 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 164 (3) ◽

pp. 1161-1173

Author(s):

Guohua Zou ◽

Deyun Pan ◽

Hongyu Zhao

Keyword(s):

Error Detection ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Disease Genes ◽

Genotyping Error ◽

Genotyping Errors ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Nuclear Families ◽

Additional Information ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Multiple Markers

Abstract The identification of genotyping errors is an important issue in mapping complex disease genes. Although it is common practice to genotype multiple markers in a candidate region in genetic studies, the potential benefit of jointly analyzing multiple markers to detect genotyping errors has not been investigated. In this article, we discuss genotyping error detections for a set of tightly linked markers in nuclear families, and the objective is to identify families likely to have genotyping errors at one or more markers. We make use of the fact that recombination is a very unlikely event among these markers. We first show that, with family trios, no extra information can be gained by jointly analyzing markers if no phase information is available, and error detection rates are usually low if Mendelian consistency is used as the only standard for checking errors. However, for nuclear families with more than one child, error detection rates can be greatly increased with the consideration of more markers. Error detection rates also increase with the number of children in each family. Because families displaying Mendelian consistency may still have genotyping errors, we calculate the probability that a family displaying Mendelian consistency has correct genotypes. These probabilities can help identify families that, although showing Mendelian consistency, may have genotyping errors. In addition, we examine the benefit of available haplotype frequencies in the general population on genotyping error detections. We show that both error detection rates and the probability that an observed family displaying Mendelian consistency has correct genotypes can be greatly increased when such additional information is available.

WIDOWER’S AGE AND NUMBER OF CHILDREN AFFECT PARENTING STYLE AND REMARRIAGE DECISION

Majalah Biomorfologi ◽

10.20473/mbiom.v32i1.2022.29-34 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Frisilia Octaviana Yolanda ◽

Hermanto Tri Joewono. ◽

Dwi . Aprilawati

Keyword(s):

Parenting Style ◽

Maternal Death ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽

Single Parents ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Mortality Ratio ◽

And Function

Highlight:1. The widow will outsource childcare to other people, such as the widow's mother, stepmother, aunt, or other relatives who believe they know more about childcare after the wife's death.3. There was a significant relationship between widower’s age and the number of children affecting parenting style and remarriage decision.Abstract:Background: The high maternal mortality ratio automatically represents the highest number of widowers in Indonesia. The change of status from a husband to a widower does not rule out the possibility of being able to change his role and function in the family. Objective: To describe that the widower’s age and the number of children have an impact on the parenting style and the desire to remarry. Materials and Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Husbands who had been left by their wives for two years or more owing to maternal death and had one or more children before the wife's maternal death were the subjects of this study. Widower’s age, as well as kid’s parenting patterns before the death of the mother were recorded. This study was likewise subjected to an ethics review and relied on informed consent. Results: Widowers who had one child before their wife's death and decided to remarry accounted for 7 subjects (87.5%), while those who did not remarry accounted for 5 (31.3%). On the association between a widower’s age and child-rearing practices, there were two respondents (40%) who chose to entrust their children’s care to someone else or not to be cared by themselves. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between widower’s age and the number of children and the parenting style and remarriage decision. Single parents who decided to remarry were single parents at a relatively younger age.

Multilayer, locality aware, telecommunication network deployment algorithm

Law State and Telecommunications Review ◽

10.26512/lstr.v11i1.24854 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 145-158

Author(s):

Luis M. Roman ◽

Ante Salcedo ◽

Miguel Alonso Vilchis

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Population Density ◽

Telecommunication Network ◽

Voronoi Tessellation ◽

Telecommunication Networks ◽

Small Cells ◽

Iterative Approach ◽

Local Approach ◽

Sheer Size ◽

Purpose – In this paper we propose an iterative approach for the deployment of rural telecommunication networks. Methodology/approach/design – This approach relies heavily on the concept of locality, prioritizing small ‘cells’ with a considerable population density, and exploits the natural nesting of the distribution of rural communities, focusing in communities which are populous enough to justify the investment required to provide them with connectivity, and whose sheer size promotes the formation of ‘satellite’ communities that could be benefited from the initial investment at a marginal expense. For this approach, the concept of ‘cells’ is paramount, which are constructed iteratively based on the contour of a Voronoi tessellation centered on the community of interest. Once the focal community has been ‘connected’ with network of the previous layer, the process is repeated with less populous communities at each stage until a coverage threshold has been reached. One of the main contributions of this methodology is that it makes every calculation based on ‘street distance’ instead of Euclidean, giving a more realistic approximate of the length of the network and hence the amount of the investment. To test our results, we ran our experiments on two segregated communities in one of the most complicated terrains, due to the mountain chains, in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Findings – The results suggest that the use of ‘street distance’ and a local approach leads to the deployment of a remarkably different network than the standard methodology would imply. Practical implications – The results of this paper might lead to a significant reduction in the costs associated with these kinds of projects and therefore make the democratization of connectivity a reality. In order to make our results reproducible, we make all our code open and publicly available on GitHub.

An exploratory study on how SMEs are open to external sources of information

European Journal of Innovation Management ◽

10.1108/ejim-01-2019-0027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 765-789 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Moulay Othman Idrissi Fakhreddine ◽

Yan Castonguay

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Probit Model ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Content Type ◽

Recent Developments ◽

External Sources ◽

Canada Data ◽

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draw on recent developments in the open innovation literature to explore whether the openness of SMEs to the four categories of external sources of information (ESI) is complementary, substitute or independent, while assessing the determinants of SMEs’ openness to these ESI. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on data from a survey of 451 manufacturing SMEs in the province of Québec, Canada. Data have been elaborated through a multivariate probit model to empirically show that SMEs are considered to be simultaneously open to different ESI. The results of this study show significant heterogeneity in the determinants of SMEs’ openness to these ESI. Findings The study found that the SMEs’ openness to different ESI seems to be complementary rather than substitute; and not all variables included in the model explain the SMEs’ openness to the different ESI. Practical implications The paper provides practical implications for managers and policy makers including the SMEs’ managers’ role to recognize the consolidation of different ESI jointly instead of separately. Furthermore, managers and policy makers should attempt to provide a fair context to SMEs to manage their openness ecosystem. Originality/value This study is virtually the first to investigate both the complementarity and the determinants of SMEs’ openness to different ESI using a sophisticated econometric model.

Controversial product advertisements in Lebanon

Journal of Islamic Marketing ◽

10.1108/jima-02-2014-0013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 22-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maya F. Farah ◽

Lamis El Samad

Keyword(s):

Representative Sample ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Content Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Religious Sect ◽

Religious Sects ◽

The Impact ◽

Consumer's Perception ◽

Minimal Research ◽

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of religious sect on the Lebanese consumer’s perception of controversial product advertisements. Design/methodology/approach – The study used a quantitative survey that was administered to a purposive representative sample of respondents from the two main Muslim sects in the country, namely, Sunni and Shiite Muslims. Findings – The results indicated significant differences in perceptions between Sunni and Shiite Muslims with regards to the offensiveness of the advertising of controversial products. Briefly, Sunni Muslims found the advertising of social and political as well as health and care products more offensive, whereas Shiite Muslims found the advertising of gender and sex-related products more offensive, and no significant difference in offensiveness perception between the two sects was found with regards to the advertising of addictive products. Research limitations/implications – Two main limitations faced the researchers: the fact that the respondents were not shown examples of offensive product advertisements; and that religiosity was not measured for the respondents, which could also be a factor in offensiveness perception. Practical implications – The study indicates that a consumer’s religious sect can play a determining role in how he/she perceives product advertisement, thus encouraging marketers to consider the differences between these sects while advertising to ensure no potential consumers are alienated. Originality/value – Although research has looked into the impact of religiosity and religion on the perception of offensive product advertisements, minimal research exists on the impact of religious sects on the perception of offensive product advertisement. The results of this study provide some insights into the consumer behavior differences between the two sects.

Is the relationship between population density and body size consistent across independent studies? A meta-analytical approach

Revista Brasileira de Biologia ◽

10.1590/s0034-71082001000100002 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

L. M. BINI ◽

A. S. G COELHO ◽

J. A. F. DINIZ-FILHO

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Population Density ◽

Regression Model ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Analytical Approach ◽

Analytical Procedure ◽

Sampling Variation ◽

Homogeneity Hypothesis ◽

The Relationship

The Energetic Equivalence Rule (EER) is a controversial issue in ecology. This rule states that the amount of energy that each species uses per unit of area is independent of its body size. Here, we perform a meta-analytical procedure to combine and compare the slopes of population density and body size relationships across independent studies of mammals and birds. We then compared a distribution of 50,000 bootstrap combined slopes with the expected slope (b = -0.75) under the EER. The combined slopes obtained for mammals and birds separately were -0.755 and -0.321, respectively. The homogeneity hypothesis (i. e. within studies the slopes differ by no more than would be expected due sampling variation) was rejected in both cases. So, EER cannot be supported since the use of an exponent of -0.75 is, in fact, an oversimplification. Significant heterogeneity of slopes within each group (mammals and birds) is an indicator of inferential problems related with variation in body size, spatial scale, the regression model adopted and phylogenetic relationships among species. So, we consider that questions regarding the estimation and validity of slopes is the next challenge of density-body size relationship studies.

The Effect of Containment Measures on the COVID-19 Pandemic

IMF Working Papers ◽

10.5089/9781513550268.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (159) ◽

Author(s):

Pragyan Deb ◽

Davide Furceri ◽

Jonathan Ostry ◽

Nour Tawk

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Real Time ◽

Health Systems ◽

Total Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

Absolute Value ◽

Daily Data ◽

Containment Measures

Countries have implemented several containment measures to halt the spread of the 2019 coronavirus disease, but it remains unclear the extent to which these unprecedented measures have been successful. We examine this question using daily data on the number of coronavirus disease cases as well as on real-time containment measures implemented by countries. Results suggest that these measures have been very effective in flattening the “pandemic curve”, but there is significant heterogeneity across countries. Effectiveness is enhanced when measures are implemented quickly, where de facto mobility is curtailed, in countries with lower temperatures and population density, as well as in countries with a larger share of the elderly in total population and stronger health systems. We also find that easing of containment measures has resulted in an increase in the number of cases, but the effect has been lower (in absolute value) than that from a tightening of measures.

Offense Processes of Online Sexual Grooming and Abuse of Children Via Internet Communication Platforms

Sexual Abuse ◽

10.1177/1079063217720927 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 73-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Juliane A. Kloess ◽

Catherine E. Hamilton-Giachritsis ◽

Anthony R. Beech

Keyword(s):

Case Series ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Direct Approach ◽

Future Research ◽

Specific Information ◽

Internet Communication ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Definition Of ◽

The aim of the present study was to provide an inclusive and realistic account of the offense processes of naturally occurring, sexually exploitative interactions between offenders and victims that took place via Internet communication platforms, and develop an offense process diagram of online sexual grooming and abuse. Five case series, comprising 29 transcripts of 22 interactions, were analyzed using the qualitative approach of thematic analysis. Police reports were reviewed for descriptive and case-specific information. The five offenders were men aged between 27 and 52 years ( M = 33.6, SD = 5.6), and the number of children they communicated with ranged from one to 12 ( M = 4.6, SD = 4.5). Victims were aged between 11 and 15 ( M = 13.0, SD = 1.2), and were both female ( n = 17) and male ( n = 6). Findings revealed that offenders employed either an indirect or a direct approach to conversations with victims and initiating contact with them. The approach offenders employed was also reflected in the types of strategies they used. Only two offenders were found to engage in aspects of sexual grooming as part of an indirect approach; the majority of the interactions by the other three offenders, that lacked features of sexual grooming altogether, were found to be of a direct approach. These findings are discussed in relation to current issues surrounding terminology and definition of sexual grooming, as well as theoretical and practical implications, concluding with suggestions for future research.

Assessment of the Economic Effects of the Third Sector in the Tourism Area

Folia Turistica ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.7699 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 209-226

Author(s):

Teresa Skalska

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Third Sector ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Volunteer Work ◽

Special Role ◽

Full Time ◽

The Third ◽

The Third Sector ◽

Purpose. The aim of the paper was to present the scope of functioning of non-profit institutions in the tourism economy, to indicate methods of assessing its impact on the tourist market, analysis regarding the possibility of including the economic effects of this activity in the currently used measurement methods, Tourism Satellite Account being among them. Method. A deductive approach based on literature was the main method applied; additionally, a review of regulations and methodological recommendations of international organizations, statistical offices and the results of empirical research carried out within third sector units in Poland were used; a special role was played by data from research carried out by the Klon/ Jawor Association on a nationwide, representative sample of 3,800 units. Findings. Such methods of assessing the economic effects of the third sector as satellite accounts of non-governmental institutions, including the ngo in satellite accounts for particular sectors (e.g.. satellite tourism account) and statistical observations were identified and characterized. A number of difficulties were also pointed out, including the full identification of third sector entities and the scope of their activities, information gaps for those units that are not sufficiently institutionalized and the value of volunteer work. Volunteer work within organizations dealing with sport, tourism, recreation and hobbies accounted for 14% of the total volume of volunteering (i.e. 21,400 full-time jobs with a work value of approx. PLN 728 million). Additionally, in culture and art - the sector important for tourism - it was 12,200 full-time employees with a value of approx. PLN 420 million, respectively. Research and conclusions limitations. The empirical part of the paper is based on a representative sample of non-governmental organizations. Despite the large sample, however, it cannot be considered as fully representative of the tourism area; the analysis includes all units indicating tourism and recreation that were included in the sample. Practical implications. The article has no direct practical implications, although the conclusions which were formulated can be used to improve the tools for assessing the economic effects of the third sector in the field of tourism. Originality. Previous research does not address the problem of estimating the economic effects of the third sector in the field of tourism. Type of paper. The article presents both theoretical concepts and the results of empirical research.

Sociocontextual Variables that Affect Spousal Perception of Social Support

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2011.39.9.1153 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (9) ◽

pp. 1153-1160

Author(s):

Seval Güven ◽

Arzu Şener ◽

Betül Yildirim

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Personal Information ◽

Marital Relationship ◽

Spousal Support ◽

Mutual Support ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Married Individuals ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Support Family

The aim in this study was to determine the effect of certain sociocontextual variables on the level of perceived spousal support. Family members are the most significant source of social support for an individual throughout his or her life. Spouses' mutual support in a marital relationship, however, seems to be particularly important compared to other sources of social support. We interviewed 579 randomly selected married individuals in Ankara, Turkey. They responded to the Spousal Support Scale and completed the personal information form that included individual and family data. Results showed a significant relationship between the level of perceived spousal support and a variety of sociocontextual factors such as number of children, length of marriage, form of marriage, and income level. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.