scholarly journals Brokering Orientations and Social Capital: Influencing Others’ Relationships Shapes Status and Trust

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Halevy ◽  
Eliran Halali ◽  
Taya R. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Conciliatory Behavior

Individuals often influence others’ relationships, for better or worse. We conceptualize social influence processes that impact others’ social networks as brokering, and advance a multifaceted model that explains how brokering behaviors can create, terminate, reinforce, and modify others’ network ties. To empirically study brokering, we introduce and validate the Brokering Orientations Scale (BOS), a multidimensional measure that captures individuals’ behavioral tendencies to act as intermediaries, conciliators, and dividers. Six studies (N=1,723) explored the psychometric properties of the BOS (Studies 1a-1c) and investigated the effects of distinct forms of brokering on brokers’ social capital (Studies 2-4). The intermediary, conciliatory and divisive brokering orientations related differently to extraversion, agreeableness, perspective-taking, moral identity and Machiavellianism, among other individual differences. The effects of brokering on social capital varied as a function of the brokering orientation and the aspect of social capital. Intermediary behavior garnered status; conciliatory behavior promoted trust and prestige; and divisive behavior fueled brokers’ perceived dominance. Overall, the current paper elucidates the concept of brokering orientations, introduces a novel measure of brokering orientations, and explains how brokering behavior shapes brokers’ social capital.

scholarly journals Social Networks and Charitable Giving: Trusting, Doing, Asking, and Alter Primacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Snell Herzog ◽  
Song Yang
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Financial Giving

This study examines social networks and financial giving to charitable or religious causes. Conventional social capital measures of general social trust and size of social network are studied as predictors of charitable giving. To these traditional measures, we add an examination of particular network aspects of giving: ego giving in relation to network alters who give, solicitations to give by network ties, and ego soliciting alters to give. In addition, the study disaggregates alter effects by alter position. Findings indicate that, net of social trust, social network factors significantly predict likelihood of being a giver. In particular, findings are that egos are especially likely to be donors when their primary alter donates. Three configurations of ego–alter giving and solicitations are significant predictors of ego giving, indicating that ego–alter doing matters more than asking. Theoretical contributions for relational and prosocial studies are discussed, as are practical implications for fundraising professionals.

Social Capital and Innovation

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Lyndon John Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Social Network Ties ◽  
Considerable Body

There is a considerable body of literature available to aid understanding of the concept of social capital and the identification of its presence. Overall objectives and mission of the chapter are to compile an up-to-date and academically grounded study providing a theoretical perspective taking into consideration the theories, concepts and processes in the area of social capital and innovation. The methodology used involves the construction of a conceptual framework regarding theories, concepts and processes. This involved a thematic analysis of social capital, innovation, and related concepts. The qualitative method for building the conceptual framework involved phenomena linked to the multidisciplinary body of work in the areas of social capital and innovation. The potential contribution of the chapter has been to bring together findings on the facets of social capital which are generally acknowledged to include trust, collaboration, cooperation, as well as bridging and bonding social network ties, and reciprocity, in terms of innovation.

The Bullshitting Frequency Scale: Development and psychometric properties

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Littrell ◽  
Evan F. Risko ◽  
Jonathan Albert Fugelsang
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Misleading Information ◽  
Social Decision ◽  
Frequency Scale ◽  
Dispositional Factors ◽  
Reliable Scale

Recent psychological research has identified important individual differences associated with receptivity to bullshit, which has greatly enhanced our understanding of the processes behind susceptibility to pseudo-profound or otherwise misleading information. However, the bulk of this research attention has focused on cognitive and dispositional factors related to bullshit (the product), while largely overlooking the influences behind bullshitting (the act). Here, we present results from four studies (focusing on the construction and validation of a new, reliable scale measuring the frequency with which individuals engage in two types of bullshitting (persuasive and evasive) in everyday situations. Overall, bullshitting frequency was negatively associated with sincerity, honesty, cognitive ability, open-minded cognition, and self-regard. Additionally, the Bullshitting Frequency Scale was found to reliably measure constructs that are: 1) distinct from lying, and; 2) significantly related to performance on overclaiming and social decision tasks. These results represent an important step forward by demonstrating the utility of the Bullshitting Frequency Scale as well as highlighting certain individual differences that may play important roles in the extent to which individuals engage in everyday bullshitting.

Moral Identity Questionnaire (MIQ) Adaptation and Psychometric Properties in Spanish Population

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Alabèrnia-Segura ◽  
David Gallardo-Pujol ◽  
Guillem Feixas
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
Adequate Reliability

Aims:To develop a Spanish version of the Moral Identity Questionnaire (MIQ) and evaluate its psychometric properties among a population in Spain.Methods:A Spanish version of the Moral Identity Questionnaire (MIQ) was developed by a Spanish and English speakers through translation and back-translation. The translated MIQ was administered to a sample of Spanish general population. The validity and reliability of the scale were tested using standard statistical methods.Results:The translated version of the MIQ scale was found to have outstanding domain coherence and language clarity. The tested scales have adequate reliability (>0.55). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor solution by yielding adequate results. Conclusions:This study presents the first validation of the MIQ questionnaire with Spanish general population. MIQ instrument was found to have satisfactory psychometric properties, resulting in a new moral and social research tool.

Conflict, Population Movement, and Microscale Social Networks in Northern Iroquoian Archaeology

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-367
Author(s):  
Jennifer Birch ◽  
John P. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
The West ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Specific Sequences

We employ social network analysis of collar decoration on Iroquoian vessels to conduct a multiscalar analysis of signaling practices among ancestral Huron-Wendat communities on the north shore of Lake Ontario. Our analysis focuses on the microscale of the West Duffins Creek community relocation sequence as well as the mesoscale, incorporating several populations to the west. The data demonstrate that network ties were stronger among populations in adjacent drainages as opposed to within drainage-specific sequences, providing evidence for west-to-east population movement, especially as conflict between Wendat and Haudenosaunee populations escalated in the sixteenth century. These results suggest that although coalescence may have initially involved the incorporation of peoples from microscale (local) networks, populations originating among wider mesoscale (subregional) networks contributed to later coalescent communities. These findings challenge previous models of village relocation and settlement aggregation that oversimplified these processes.

Reversing the flow of short-term missions within a partnership model: Perceptual outcomes

2020 ◽  
pp. 009182962097237
Author(s):  
Simone Mulieri Twibell
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Partnership Model ◽  
And Function ◽  
Bidirectional Flow ◽  
The Church

Short-term missions provide opportunities for the formation of cross-cultural relationships and joint evangelistic endeavors. Scholars have challenged the typical unidirectional nature of short-term mission and partnership efforts, advocating for a more bidirectional flow of resources. This article analyzes the dynamics of reverse short-term missions with the goal of understanding their contributions from the perspective of the American hosts. The author suggests that reverse short-term missions bridge social capital across social networks and function as “networks of invigoration” by bringing information benefits to their hosts. These types of exchanges have the potential to help the American church reinterpret familiar experiences and see the mission of the church in a new way. Five perceptual outcomes are identified: alteration of perspectives; service opportunities for the hosts; renewal of spiritual commitments; first-hand exposure to a different culture; and contact with faith-mission models.

scholarly journals The Network Structure of Police Misconduct

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311987979 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Wood ◽  
Daria Roithmayr ◽  
Andrew V. Papachristos
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Misconduct ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Using Data

Conventional explanations of police misconduct generally adopt a microlevel focus on deviant officers or a macrolevel focus on the top-down organization of police departments. Between these levels are social networks of misconduct. This study recreates these networks using data on 16,503 complaints and 15,811 police officers over a six-year period in Chicago. We examine individual-level factors associated with receiving a complaint, the basic properties of these misconduct networks, and factors related to officer co-naming in complaints. We find that the incidence of police misconduct is associated with attributes including race, age, and tenure and that almost half of police officers are connected in misconduct ties in broader networks of misconduct. We also find that certain dyadic factors, especially seniority and race, strongly predict network ties and the incidence of group misconduct. Our results provide actionable information regarding possible ways to leverage the co-complaint network structure to reduce misconduct.

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