scholarly journals The Effect of Music & Auditory Beat Stimulation on Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adiel Mallik ◽  
Frank Russo
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Pink Noise ◽  
Noise Condition ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Theta Frequency ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

Background: Music and auditory beat stimulation (ABS) in the theta frequency range (4-7 Hz) are sound-based anxiety interventions that have received empirical support. Here, the anxiety-reducing potential of calm music combined with theta ABS was examined in a large sample of participants taking anti-anxiety medication. Method: Participants (n = 318) were randomly assigned to one of four separate experimental sessions: combined (music & ABS), music-alone, ABS-alone, and pink noise. Pre- and post-intervention somatic and cognitive state anxiety measures were collected along with trait anxiety, personality measures and musical preferences. Results: Among participants with moderate trait anxiety, we observed reductions in somatic anxiety that were greater in combined and music-alone conditions than in the pink noise condition; and reductions in cognitive state anxiety that were greater in the combined condition than in the music-alone, ABS-alone, and pink noise conditions. While we also observed reductions in somatic and cognitive state anxiety in participants with high trait anxiety, the conditions were not well differentiated. Conclusions: Sound-based interventions are effective in reducing somatic and cognitive state anxiety. For participants with moderate trait anxiety, combined conditions were most efficacious.

scholarly journals During Vigilance to Painful Stimuli: Slower Response Rate Related to High Trait Anxiety, whereas a Faster Response Rate is related to High State Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Meeker ◽  
Nichole M. Emerson ◽  
Jui-Hong Chien ◽  
Mark I. Saffer ◽  
Oscar Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Lower Response Rate ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Over Time

A pathological increase in vigilance, or hypervigilance, may be related to pain intensity in some clinical pain syndromes and may result from attention bias to salient stimuli mediated by anxiety. During a continuous performance task where subjects discriminated painful target stimuli from painful nontargets, we measured detected targets (hits), nondetected targets (misses), nondetected nontargets (correct rejections), and detected nontargets (false alarms). Using signal detection theory, we calculated response bias, the tendency to endorse a stimulus as a target, and discriminability, the ability to discriminate a target from nontarget. Due to the relatively slow rate of stimulus presentation our primary hypothesis was that sustained performance would result in a more conservative response bias reflecting a lower response rate over time on task. We found a more conservative response bias with time on task and no change in discriminability. We predicted that greater state and trait anxiety would lead to a more liberal response bias. A multivariable model provided partial support for our prediction; high trait anxiety related to a more conservative response bias (lower response rate), while high state anxiety related to a more liberal bias. This inverse relationship of state and trait anxiety is consistent with reports of effects of state and trait anxiety on reaction times to threatening stimuli. In sum, we report that sustained attention to painful stimuli was associated with a decrease in the tendency of the subject to respond to any stimulus over time on task, while the ability to discriminate target from nontarget is unchanged.

scholarly journals Anxiety Levels of Primary Caregivers of Children With Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 000992282110406
Author(s):  
Zeynep Reyhan Onay ◽  
Tugba Ramasli Gursoy ◽  
Tugba Sismanlar Eyuboglu ◽  
Ayse Tana Aslan ◽  
Azime Sebnem Soysal Acar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Moment State

We aim to evaluate the anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. Caregivers of 31 children with tracheostomy and 105 healthy children (control group) were included. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered via teleconference in order to investigate how participants describe how they feel at a particular moment (State) and how they generally feel (Trait). The trait anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy were significantly higher ( P = .02). Their state anxiety levels were similar. The state and trait anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy correlated ( r = 0.70, P < .001). At the end of the teleconference, caregivers of children with tracheostomy experienced greater anxiety relief than controls ( P < .001). Trait anxiety scores were higher among caregivers of children with tracheostomy, but their state anxiety levels were comparable to those of controls. Caregivers with high trait anxiety also exhibited high state anxiety. Informing caregivers of children with tracheostomy about COVID-19 via teleconference can reduce their anxiety during such stressful times.

Effects of cycling exercise on the soleus H-reflex and state anxiety among men with low or high trait anxiety

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Motl ◽  
Patrick J. O'connor ◽  
Rod K. Dishman
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

scholarly journals Depression and anxiety in pet owners after a diagnosis of cancer in their pets: a cross-sectional study in Japan

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e024512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Nakano ◽  
Masato Matsushima ◽  
Azusa Nakamori ◽  
Junshiro Hiroma ◽  
Eiji Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

ObjectiveTo determine the presence and predictors of depression and anxiety in pet owners after a diagnosis of cancer in their pets.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA veterinary medical centre specialised in oncology for dogs and cats and two primary veterinary clinics in Japan.ParticipantsThe participants for analysis were 99 owners of a pet with cancer diagnosis received in the past 1–3 weeks and 94 owners of a healthy pet.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported questionnaires were used to assess depression and anxiety. Depression was assessed using the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and anxiety was measured by using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form JYZ.ResultsDepression scores were significantly higher in owners of a pet with cancer than owners of a healthy pet, even after adjustment for potential confounders (p<0.001). Within the owners of a pet with cancer, depression was significantly more common in those who were employed than those who were unemployed (p=0.048). State anxiety scores were significantly higher in owners of a pet with cancer than owners of a healthy pet, even after adjustment for potential confounders, including trait–anxiety scores (p<0.001). Furthermore, in owners of a pet with cancer, state anxiety was higher in owners with high trait anxiety (p<0.001) and in owners whose pets had a poor prognosis (p=0.027).ConclusionThe results indicate that some owners tended to become depressed and anxious after their pets had received a diagnosis of cancer. Employment may be a predictor of depression. High trait anxiety and a pet with a poor prognosis may increase owners’ state anxiety. Including the pet in a family genogram and attention to the pet’s health condition may be important considerations for family practice.

scholarly journals Depression and Anxiety in Women During Pregnancy in Slovenia / Depresija In Anksioznost Pri Ženskah Med Nosečnostjo V Sloveniji

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuša Podvornik ◽  
Vislava Globevnik Velikonja ◽  
Peter Praper
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

Abstract Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of elevated depression and anxiety among pregnant women and to examine its correlation with medical complications and socio-demographic characteristics. Methods. The study is based on a cross-sectional design of a sample of 348 women in three trimesters of pregnancy who received routine obstetrical care at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The responding women filled out a questionnaire on socio-demographic variables, the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale CES-D and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI. Results. 21.7% of pregnant women were identified as suffering from elevated depression symptomatology, 15.7% reported high state anxiety and 12.5% had high trait anxiety. No significant differences in depression and anxiety across pregnancy trimesters were found. The women who have suffered from health complications during previous pregnancies showed higher state anxiety; those experiencing complications during their current pregnancy reported more intense symptoms of depression and of state and trait anxiety than women free of complications. Less educated, lower income and mothers of many children in the third pregnancy trimester reported more intensive symptoms of depression and trait anxiety. Conclusions. Elevated depression and anxiety are frequent among pregnant women. The results draw attention to the need for early detection and treatment of depression and anxiety during pregnancy

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome and Psychological Effects of Exercise in Hemodialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11952
Author(s):  
Beata Hornik ◽  
Jan Duława ◽  
Jacek Durmała
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference

Metabolic syndrome (MS) and anxiety disorders are common problems among hemodialysis patients (HD). However, there have been no studies defining the role of physical activity in reducing anxiety in HD patients with MS. This study was aimed to determine the effects on the severity of anxiety of a four-week rehabilitation program for HD patients, with or without metabolic syndrome (MS), planned and adapted to their abilities. The study was single-center, interventional, non-randomized, and prospective. Fifty-eight individuals completed the project (28 HD patients and 30 controls (C) with normal kidney function). Each group was divided into two subgroups with respect to MS. The mean age of the subjects in the HD and C groups was 56.9 ± 13.3 years (x¯ ± SD) and 61.5 ± 8.3 years (x¯ ± SD), respectively. Planned and adapted to the patient’s abilities, the rehabilitation program based on physiotherapy was provided to each subject for 4 weeks. Baseline and post-intervention determined anxiety levels using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The X1 scale tests state anxiety, and the X2 scale tests trait anxiety. Post-intervention, there was no significant difference in the intensity of state anxiety observed in HD patients compared to C with normal renal function, as observed before the program. After four weeks of regular physical activity planned and adapted to the patient’s abilities in an inpatient ward, the level of state anxiety (X1) and trait anxiety (X2) lowered considerably in all HD patients (respectively: 35.1 ± 8.0 vs. 29.2 ± 5.0, p = 0.001 for X1 and 41.8 ± 9.1 vs. 38.1 ± 5.9, p = 0.008 for X2). The rehabilitation program significantly reduced the intensity of state anxiety (X1) in HD patients with MS (35.8 ± 7.9 vs. 29.2 ± 5.1; p = 0.01). The rehabilitation program helped to significantly reduce the intensity of trait anxiety (X2) in HD patients without MS (41.9 ± 10.7 vs. 36.9 ± 5.9; p = 0.04). Four-week physical activity planned and adapted to the patient’s abilities reduces the intensity of anxiety in HD patients and controls with normal renal function. HD patients with MS benefit more in terms of reducing perceived state anxiety, and HD patients without MS in terms of reducing trait anxiety.

State-Trait Anxiety and Biofeedback Mediated Control of Peripheral Vasomotor Responses

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Bass ◽  
Wiley Mittenberg ◽  
Jerry Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Finger Skin Temperature ◽  
Vasomotor Control ◽  
Anxiety Trait ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Finger Skin

42 undergraduates completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and then received biofeedback for increases in index finger-skin temperature. Subjects with high-trait anxiety increased their temperature significantly more than subjects with low-trait anxiety. No significant differences were found among state anxiety groups. The results supported the conclusion that predisposition to anxiety (trait), and not situational (state) anxiety, improves peripheral vasomotor control.

scholarly journals The role of state and trait anxiety in the processing of facial expressions of emotion

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddy L. Dyer ◽  
Angela S. Attwood ◽  
Ian S. Penton-Voak ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

State anxiety appears to influence facial emotion processing (Attwood et al . 2017 R. Soc. Open Sci. 4 , 160855). We aimed to (i) replicate these findings and (ii) investigate the role of trait anxiety, in an experiment with healthy UK participants ( N = 48, 50% male, 50% high trait anxiety). High and low state anxiety were induced via inhalations of 7.5% carbon dioxide enriched air and medical air, respectively. High state anxiety reduced global emotion recognition accuracy ( p = 0.01, η p 2 = 0.14 ), but it did not affect interpretation bias towards perceiving anger in ambiguous angry–happy facial morphs ( p = 0.18, η p 2 = 0.04 ). We found no clear evidence of a relationship between trait anxiety and global emotion recognition accuracy ( p = 0.60, η p 2 = 0.01 ) or interpretation bias towards perceiving anger ( p = 0.83, η p 2 = 0.01 ). However, there was greater interpretation bias towards perceiving anger (i.e. away from happiness) during heightened state anxiety, among individuals with high trait anxiety ( p = 0.03, d z = 0.33). State anxiety appears to impair emotion recognition accuracy, and among individuals with high trait anxiety, it appears to increase biases towards perceiving anger (away from happiness). Trait anxiety alone does not appear to be associated with facial emotion processing.

scholarly journals The Impact of Noise and Message Content on Message Elaboration of Psychiatric Help-Seeking Information – A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Neo ◽  
Mardelle Shepley ◽  
Jeff Niederdeppe ◽  
Andrea Stevenson Won
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Noise Condition ◽  
The Impact

The decision to access healthcare resources and psychiatric treatment may be impacted by information provided in the external environment. For messages about depression, how and where messages are delivered may be critical to whether an individual seeks help. In this study, participants were placed in a simulated environment and asked to provide ratings of state anxiety, message elaboration, psychiatric help-seeking intentions, mental health anxiety, trait anxiety, and attitudes towards psychiatric help-seeking after 30 minutes. Overall, the study revealed that (1) the subjects in a high noise condition reported a higher level of state anxiety than subjects in a low noise condition, and (2) the effect of state anxiety on message elaboration depends on anxiety-relatedness. The study improves our understanding of the relationships between state anxiety, mental health anxiety, and trait anxiety. The results also offer implications for mental health communication as a critical path to depression treatment.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Support on Public Anxiety amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9097
Author(s):  
Yibin Ao ◽  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Fanrong Meng ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Gui Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Impact

The recent coronavirus outbreak has captured worldwide attention. This study investigated the anxiety of the Chinese public and its relationship with social support during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, thereby providing empirical support for interventions on improving the public’s mental health. On the basis of an online questionnaire survey conducted on 10–18 February 2020, this study shows that 19.8%, 68.5%, and 11.1% of the respondents suffered mild anxiety, moderate anxiety, and severe anxiety, respectively. Significant differences are reported in state anxiety between people with different household incomes. There are significant differences in trait anxiety and state anxiety between different social support groups. Social support and trait anxiety are negatively correlated. Social support and state anxiety are negatively correlated. Social support affects state anxiety both directly and indirectly (through the mediation of trait anxiety). Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing public support for society can effectively reduce public anxiety.

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