scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Variation in the Relationship between Educational Assortative Mating and Wives’ Income Trajectories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate H. Choi ◽  
Patrick A. Denice
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Labor Market Participation ◽  
Ethnic Variation ◽  
Educational Assortative Mating ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Development Trajectories ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The share of U.S. marriages involving wives with an educational advantage over their husbands has increased in recent years. Prior work has examined the relationship between educational assortative mating and wives’ labor market participation, but they have not assessed how this relationship varies by race/ethnicity. Drawing on 28 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we estimate group-based development trajectories to investigate whether the association between educational assortative mating and wives’ income trajectories varies across racial/ethnic groups. White wives are more likely than black and Hispanic wives to be a secondary earner. Black wives are more likely than white and Hispanic wives to be the primary earner. For white wives, higher relative levels of education are associated with greater contribution to couple’s total income. Black wives in educationally hypergamous unions are less likely than other black wives to be a primary or equal earner. For Hispanic wives, differences in income trajectories by educational assortative mating are small and statistically insignificant. Like family structure, the impact of educational assortative mating differs across racial/ethnic groups. Educational assortative mating is a weaker correlate of black and Hispanic wives’ income trajectory than white wives’ income trajectories.

scholarly journals Racial Disparities in Virologic Failure and Tolerability During Firstline HIV Antiretroviral Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Bhagwat ◽  
Shashi N Kapadia ◽  
Heather J Ribaudo ◽  
Roy M Gulick ◽  
Judith S Currier
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background Racial/ethnic disparities in HIV outcomes have persisted despite effective antiretroviral therapy. In a study of initial regimens, we found viral suppression varied by race/ethnicity. In this exploratory analysis, we use clinical and socioeconomic data to assess factors associated with virologic failure and adverse events within racial/ethnic groups. Methods Data were from AIDS Clinical Trial Group A5257, a randomized trial of initial regimens with either atazanavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir, or raltegravir (each combined with tenofovir DF and emtricitabine). We grouped participants by race/ethnicity and then used Cox-proportional hazards regression to examine the impact of demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors on the time to virologic suppression and time to adverse event reporting within each racial/ethnic group. Results We analyzed data from 1762 participants: 757 self-reported as non-Hispanic black (NHB), 615 as non-Hispanic white (NHW), and 390 as Hispanic. The proportion with virologic failure was higher for NHB (22%) and Hispanic (17%) participants compared with NHWs (9%). Factors associated with virologic failure were poor adherence and higher baseline HIV RNA level. Prior clinical AIDS diagnosis was associated with virologic failure for NHBs only, and unstable housing and illicit drug use for NHWs only. Factors associated with adverse events were female sex in all groups and concurrent use of medications for comorbidities in NHB and Hispanic participants only. Conclusions Clinical and socioeconomic factors that are associated with virologic failure and tolerability of antiretroviral therapy vary between and within racial and ethnic groups. Further research may shed light into mechanisms leading to disparities and targeted strategies to eliminate those disparities.

Impact of Ethnicity On Incidence and Survival Among Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the United States; Insights From 2005 SEER Data.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3069-3069
Author(s):  
Casey L O'Connell ◽  
Pedram Razavi ◽  
Roberta McKean-Cowdin ◽  
Malcolm C. Pike
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Abstract 3069 Poster Board III-6 Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive malignancy whose incidence declines through adolescence and then increases steadily with age. Prognosis appears to be inversely related to age among adults. We sought to explore the impact of race/ethnicity on incidence and survival among adults with ALL in the United States (US). Methods We examined trends in incidence and survival among adults with ALL in the US using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program which includes data from 17 SEER registries. We calculated the incidence rates for the most recent time period (2001-2005) because the classification for ALL subtypes was more complete during this time. For the survival analysis we used the data collected between 1975 and 2005. We categorized race/ethnicity into 5 mutually exclusive categories: non-Hispanic whites (NHW), Hispanic whites (HW), African Americans (AA), Asian/Pacific Islanders (API) and American Indians/Native Alaskans (AI/NA). Hispanic ethnicity was defined using SEER's Hispanic-origin variable which is based on the NAACCR Hispanic Identification Algorithm (NHIA); 11 patients dually coded as black and Hispanic were included in the AA group for our analyses. Few ALL cases were identified among AI/NA, so that group is not represented in the final analyses. We included ALL cases coded in the SEER registry using the International Classification of Disease for Oncology (ICD-0-3) as 9827-9829 and 9835-9837. We excluded cases of Burkitt's leukemia (n=228), cases that were not confirmed by microscopic or cytologic tests (n=132), cases that were reported only based on autopsy data (n=3) and cases whose race/ethnicity were unknown (n=20). The average annual incidence rates per 100,000 for 2001-2005, age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population were calculated using SEER*Stat Version 6.4.4 statistical software. We used multivariate Cox hazard models stratified by SEER registry and age category to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for relative survival of adult ALL cases across race/ethnicity, sex and cell of origin (B- or T-cell). All models were adjusted for the diagnosis era, and use of non-CNS radiation. The model also included an interaction term for age and diagnosis era. We performed a separate stratified analysis of the impact of race/ethnicity on survival within age subgroups (20-29, 30-39, 40-59, 60-69, 70+). Results The highest incidence rate (IR) of ALL was observed for HW (IR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.43-1.79). HW had a significantly higher IR across all age categories as compared to the other racial/ethnic groups, while AA had the lowest IR. In particular, the observed rate of B-cell ALL among HW (IR 0.77; 95% CI 0.69-0.87) was more than twice that of NHW (IR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.27-0.32) and more than three times the rate observed among AA (IR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.15-0.26). In contrast, we did not observe statistically significant variability in the rates of T-cell ALL across race/ethnic groups (overall IR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.11-0.14). Survival was significantly poorer among AA (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.09-1.46), HW (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.09-1.46), and API (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06-1.32) compared to NHW with all subtypes of ALL. Among adults younger than 40 with B-cell ALL, survival was significantly poorer among AA (HR: 1.60; 95% CI:1.021-2.429) and HW (HR: 1.53; 95% CI:1.204-1.943) with a non-signficant trend among API (HR: 1.22; 95% 0.834-1.755) compared to NHW. Survival differences between the different racial/ethnic groups were no longer statistically significant among adults with B-cell ALL over the age of 40. For T-cell ALL, survival was significantly poorer among AA (HR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.22-2.10), HW (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.14-1.93) and API (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.13-2.13), as compared to NHW. A similar survival pattern by age (adults above and below age 40 years) was observed for T-cell as described for B-cell, with AA under 40 having a particularly dismal prognosis (HR: 2.89; 95% CI 1.96-4.17) compared to NHW. Conclusions The incidence rate of B-cell ALL among adults in the US is higher among HW than other ethnic groups. Survival is significantly poorer among AA and HW than among NHW under the age of 40 with B-cell ALL. Survival is also significantly poorer among AA, HW and API than among NHW with T-cell ALL in adults under 40. Survival trends appear to converge after the age of 40 among all racial/ethnic groups. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract P059: Multiple Cause-of-Death Analysis Reveals Under Reporting of Disease Burden for Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine G Hastings ◽  
Jiaqi Hu ◽  
Nadejda Marques ◽  
Eric J Daza ◽  
Mark Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Underlying Cause Of Death ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
The U.S

Introduction: Despite being considerably under reported as the underlying cause of death on death certificates, and consequently on mortality figures, diabetes is among the ten leading causes of death in the U.S. A multiple cause-of-death analysis shows the extent to which diabetes is associated with other leading causes of death. Hypothesis: Analysis of multiple-cause-of-death will confirm prevalence rates of diabetes among racial/ethnic minority populations, demonstrate the impact of diabetes in association with other causes of death, and highlight variations of burden of disease among different racial/ethnic groups. Methods: Causes of death were identified using the Multiple Cause Mortality Files of the National Center for Health Statistics from 2003 to 2012. Age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated for diabetes both as the underlying cause of death (UCD) and as multiple causes of death (MCD) by racial/ethnic groups (NHWs, Blacks, Asians, and Hispanic/Latinos). Frequencies and proportions were calculated by race/ethnicity groups. Linear regression model was used for number of causes per death. Results: A total of 2,335,198 decedents had diabetes listed as MCD in the U.S. national death records from 2003-2012. Mortality rates of diabetes as MCD were 3.4 times than UCD for Asians, 2.9 times for Blacks, 2.9 times for Hispanics and 3.7 times for NHWs (Figure). Minority populations had higher proportion of deaths with diabetes reported as MCD than NHWs (1.7 times higher for Hispanics, 1.5 times higher for Blacks and Asians). Adjusting for age, gender, and race/ethnicity, there were 1.7 more causes per death co-occurred for diabetes decedents compared to decedents who died due to all other causes (95% CI: 1.714, 1.718). Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of a multiple-cause-of-death approach in the analyses for a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of diabetes.

The impact of biologic agents in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer by race/ethnicity.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
Seda Serra Tolu ◽  
Adel Chergui ◽  
Devika Rao ◽  
Meghan Kaumaya ◽  
Ana Acuna-Villaorduna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
Biologic Agent ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

156 Background: Biologic agents have shown to improve overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, minority racial/ethnic groups were underrepresented in clinical trials. A retrospective study in a racially-diverse population diagnosed between 2000 - 2011, done by our group, reported a survival benefit with biologics; but, a subgroup analysis suggested that it was restricted to Non-Hispanic whites (NHW) only. This study aims to compare OS in patients with mCRC treated with chemotherapy and biologic agents (CBT) among racial/ethnic groups. Methods: Patients diagnosed with mCRC between 2012-2018 and treated with CBT at 3 cancer centers in the Bronx, NY were identified. Clinical data was collected by retrospective review for demographics (age at metastasis, gender and race/ethnicity categorized as Non-hispanic Black (NHB), NHW or Hispanic), pathological/ treatment characteristics (tumor grade, primary location, chemotherapy regimen, biologic agent). Cases without available race/ethnicity were excluded. OS was measured as time from mCRC diagnosis to death (verified from the National Death Index) and was compared among racial/ethnic groups using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: A total of 278 patients; of whom 84 (42.4%) were Hispanic, 70 (35.4%) NHB and 44 (22.2%) NHW were included. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years and did not differ among racial/ethnic groups (62.5 vs 55.5 vs 56 years, p=0.07). There was a female predominance in NHB and Hispanics. Bevacizumab was more frequently used in Hispanics and NHB compared to NHW (95.2% vs. 92.9% vs. 77.3%, p=0.003, respectively). There were no differences in the frequency of cetuximab and panitumumab use. Median OS did not differ by racial/ethnic groups (21 in NHW vs. 22.8 in Hispanics and 28.6 months in NHB, p=0.40). Conclusions: Minority groups attain a similar survival benefit from the addition of biologics compared to NHW. Population-based studies are required to confirm these results.

Race/Ethnicity and Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Outcomes for Patients Receiving First Line Targeted Therapies

Kidney Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Nazli Dizman ◽  
Nicholas J. Salgia ◽  
Paulo G. Bergerot ◽  
JoAnn Hsu ◽  
Nora Ruel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Hispanic American ◽  
First Line ◽  
Caucasian American ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

BACKGROUND: No study to date has assessed the relationship between treatment-specific therapeutic outcomes and race/ethnicity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). As targeted therapies have formed the backbone of first-line treatment options for mRCC until very recently, we assessed the relationship between race/ethnicity and targeted therapy-related outcomes in mRCC. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively compare response rates and survival outcomes across ethnicities in patients who received first-line targeted therapies for mRCC. METHODS: Patients with mRCC receiving a first-line targeted therapy were identified from an institutional database encompassing consecutive patients treated between 2009 and 2019. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics and survival outcomes were recorded. The racial/ethnic groups included for analysis were Caucasian American, Hispanic American, and Asian American. Survival and response outcomes including progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were calculated and compared across ethnic groups using Kaplan-Meier method and Chi-square test, respectively. RESULTS: In total, 295 patients were included for analysis. There were 184 (62.4%) Caucasian American patients, 82 (27.8%) Hispanic American patients, and 29 (9.8%) Asian American patients. No statistically significant differences in PFS nor OS were found between groups (PFS: 5.6 vs. 4.7 vs. 4.7 months, respectively) (OS: 32 vs. 31.7 vs. 51.7 months, respectively). No significant difference was found in ORR nor DCR across groups. Univariate cox regression analyses demonstrated no independent effect of race/ethnicity on PFS or OS. CONCLUSIONS: The apparent lack of differences in treatment-related outcomes across racial/ethnic groups is encouraging. However, further validation is required in larger series.

scholarly journals Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies’ Prevalence in MD STARnet Surveillance Sites: An Examination of Racial and Ethnic Differences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Joshua R. Mann ◽  
Katherine A. James ◽  
Suzanne McDermott ◽  
Kristin M. Conway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Muscular Dystrophies ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Previous studies indicated variability in the prevalence of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DBMD) by racial/ethnic groups. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research network (MD STAR<i>net</i>) conducts muscular dystrophy surveillance in multiple geographic areas of the USA and continues to enroll new cases. This provides an opportunity to continue investigating differences in DBMD prevalence by race and ethnicity and to compare the impact of using varying approaches for estimating prevalence. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To estimate overall and race/ethnicity-specific prevalence of DBMD among males aged 5–9 years and compare the performance of three prevalence estimation methods. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The overall and race/ethnicity-specific 5-year period prevalence rates were estimated with MD STAR<i>net</i> data using three methods. Method 1 used the median of 5-year prevalence, and methods 2 and 3 calculated prevalence directly with different birth cohorts. To compare prevalence between racial/ethnic groups, Poisson modeling was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) with non-Hispanic (NH) whites as the referent group. Comparison between methods was also conducted. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the final population-based sample of 1,164 DBMD males, the overall 5-year prevalence for DBMD among 5–9 years of age ranged from 1.92 to 2.48 per 10,000 males, 0.74–1.26 for NH blacks, 1.78–2.26 for NH whites, 2.24–4.02 for Hispanics, and 0.61–1.83 for NH American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (AIAN/API). The PRs for NH blacks/NH whites, Hispanics/NH whites, and NH AIAN/API/NH whites were 0.46 (95% CI: 0.36–0.59), 1.37 (1.17–1.61), and 0.61 (0.40–0.93), respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In males aged 5–9 years, compared to the prevalence of DBMD in NH whites, prevalence in NH blacks and NH AIAN/API was lower and higher in Hispanics. All methods produced similar prevalence estimates; however, method 1 produced narrower confidence intervals and method 2 produced fewer zero prevalence estimates than the other two methods.

Opportunities and Constraints of the Partner Market and Educational Assortative Mating

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2098449
Author(s):  
Johannes Stauder ◽  
Tom Kossow
Keyword(s):  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Opportunity Structure ◽  
Educational Homogamy ◽  
Educational Assortative Mating ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Market Density ◽  
Partner Market

This study aims to determine to what extent the opportunities and restrictions of the partner market influence educational assortative mating. It also analyzes the interplay between the opportunity structure and preferences. Matching district-based partner market indicators to heterosexual couples when they move in together based on the German Socio-Economic Panel, we find strong effects of the opportunity structure on educational homogamy. The results further imply that the density of the supply of potential partners is more important for educational assortative mating than imbalanced supply and competition. While the impact of partner market imbalances on assortative mating is a mere effect of the opportunity structure, the effects of the partner market density of relevant and available partners in space weakly imply that homophile and maximization preferences are simultaneously at work.

Applying the Health Belief Model to Characterize Racial/Ethnic Differences in Digital Conversations Related to Depression Pre– and Mid–COVID-19 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby Castilla-Puentes ◽  
Jacqueline Pesa ◽  
Caroline Brethenoux ◽  
Patrick Furey ◽  
Liliana Gil Valletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Racial Ethnic

BACKGROUND The prevalence of depression symptoms in the United States is >3 times higher mid–COVID-19 versus pre-pandemic. Racial/ethnic differences in mindsets around depression and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To describe attitudes, mindsets, key drivers, and barriers related to depression pre– and mid–COVID-19 by race/ethnicity using digital conversations about depression mapped to health belief model (HBM) concepts. METHODS Advanced search, data extraction, and AI-powered tools were used to harvest, mine, and structure open-source digital conversations of US adults who engaged in conversations about depression pre– (February 1, 2019-February 29, 2020) and mid–COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020-November 1, 2020) across the internet. Natural language processing, text analytics, and social data mining were used to categorize conversations that included a self-identifier into racial/ethnic groups. Conversations were mapped to HBM concepts (ie, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy). Results are descriptive in nature. RESULTS Of 2.9 and 1.3 million relevant digital conversations pre– and mid–COVID-19, race/ethnicity was determined among 1.8 million (62%) and 979,000 (75%) conversations pre– and mid–COVID-19, respectively. Pre–COVID-19, 1.3 million conversations about depression occurred among non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), 227,200 among Black Americans (BA), 189,200 among Hispanics, and 86,800 among Asian Americans (AS). Mid–COVID-19, 736,100 conversations about depression occurred among NHW, 131,800 among BA, 78,300 among Hispanics, and 32,800 among AS. Conversations among all racial/ethnic groups had a negative tone, which increased pre– to mid–COVID-19; finding support from others was seen as a benefit among most groups. Hispanics had the highest rate of any racial/ethnic group of conversations showing an avoidant mindset toward their depression. Conversations related to external barriers to seeking treatment (eg, stigma, lack of support, and lack of resources) were generally more prevalent among Hispanics, BA, and AS than among NHW. Being able to benefit others and building a support system were key drivers to seeking help or treatment for all racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Applying concepts of the HBM to data on digital conversation about depression allowed organization of the most frequent themes by race/ethnicity. Individuals of all groups came online to discuss their depression. There were considerable racial/ethnic differences in drivers and barriers to seeking help and treatment for depression pre– and mid–COVID-19. Generally, COVID-19 has made conversations about depression more negative, and with frequent discussions of barriers to seeking care. These data highlight opportunities for culturally competent and targeted approaches to address areas amenable to change that might impact the ability of people to ask for or receive mental health help, such as the constructs that comprise the HBM.

scholarly journals Explaining Racial/Ethnic Variation in Partnered Women’s and Men’s Housework

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa R. Wight ◽  
Suzanne M. Bianchi ◽  
Bijou R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Ethnic Variation ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Availability ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Using a national sample of 12,424 partnered women and 10,721 partnered men from the 2003-2006 American Time Use Survey, this article examines racial/ethnic variation in women’s and men’s housework time and its covariates. The ratio of women’s to men’s housework hours is greatest for Hispanics and Asians and smallest for Whites and Blacks. White and Hispanic women’s housework hours are associated with household composition and employment suggesting that the time availability perspective is a good predictor for these women, but may have less explanatory power for other race/ethnic groups of women. Relative resources also have explanatory power for White women’s housework time but are weak predictors for women of Other race/ethnicities. Time availability and relative resource measures show some association with White men’s housework time but are generally poor predictors among other race/ethnic groups of men, suggesting that traditional models of housework allocation do not “fit” all groups equally.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document