scholarly journals Understanding the market drivers behind the reduced demand for ivory products in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Thomas-Walters ◽  
Benoit Morkel ◽  
Takahiro KUBO ◽  
Michael ’t Sas-Rolfes ◽  
Robert J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
Global Priority ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Post Hoc

1.Reducing demand for wildlife products has been recognised as an important global priority, especially with fears that there are expanding markets for certain taxa. However, consumer demand is a complicated phenomenon and as with many conservation issues, it can involve numerous interacting biological, social, political and socio-economic factors, operating at a range of scales and time periods (Margoluis et al., 2009; Knight et al., 2019). 2.The demand for elephant ivory is an excellent illustration of the gaps in our current knowledge. Although it is well-documented that Japan is no longer a significant destination consumer market for ivory products, as it was in the 1980’s, we have limited insights into how consumer behaviour and attitudes influenced ivory sales. This is partly because post-hoc evaluations of such complex systems are difficult when relying on traditional quantitative methods. We used General Elimination Methodology and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders to provide a richer understanding of consumer behavioural change in Japan. 3.We identified the two biggest market drivers, the CITES international trade ban and economic recession, as well as a range of minor drivers and enabling conditions. These included respect for government authority, the passive nature of demand for ivory, and a general cultural shift away from conspicuous consumption. We also ruled out purported influences that are unlikely to have had an impact, such as pressure from eminent people. 4.This case study highlights the potentially important role of theory-based qualitative evaluations in conservation. Adopting this new approach will help us move away from debates about whether a single intervention caused a particular outcome, instead recognising that there are likely to be multiple contributing factors driven by interactions between different actors. In doing so, we can challenge current simplistic narratives and gain a more nuanced understanding of conservation interventions.

Perceived barriers and contributors to sense of purpose in life in retirement community residents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Lewis ◽  
Naomi Reesor ◽  
Patrick L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Retirement Community ◽  
Retirement Communities ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Sense Of Purpose ◽  
The Social ◽  
Continuing Care Retirement Communities ◽  
Retirement Facilities

Abstract Despite the growing use of retirement communities and ageing care facilities, little is known about how residing in retirement residences may impact aspects of older adult wellbeing. Living in these communities may hold particular influence on residents’ sense of purpose, if they feel limited in their opportunities for individual action, or could serve to promote purposefulness depending on the social connections available. The current study sought to explore contributing factors as well as barriers to purpose in older adults living in three continuing care retirement communities. Using brief semi-structured interviews, 18 older adults were asked to describe their purpose in life, community-related activities and any perceived challenges limiting their ability to pursue this purpose. Thematic analysis was used to examine themes common across interviews. Interviews presented a mixed picture of the nature of purposefulness in retirement facilities. Residents espoused several benefits of community living such as social and leisure opportunities, while also noting several obstacles to their purpose, including health concerns and the belief that purpose in life was not relevant for older adults. These findings provide insight into how older adults can derive a sense of purpose from activities within their retirement community and how facilities can better tailor programmes to promote purposefulness and support personally valued roles for residents.

Complicated grief knowledge and practice: a qualitative study of general practitioners in Ireland

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abiola Muhammed ◽  
Anne Dodd ◽  
Suzanne Guerin ◽  
Susan Delaney ◽  
Philip Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Complicated Grief ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Purposive Sample

Objective: Complicated grief is a debilitating condition that individuals may experience after losing a loved one. General practitioners (GPs) are well positioned to provide patients with support for grief-related issues. Traditionally, Irish GPs play an important role in providing patients with emotional support regarding bereavement. However, GPs have commonly reported not being aptly trained to respond to bereavement-related issues. This study explores GPs’ current knowledge of and practice regarding complicated grief. Methods: A qualitative study adopting a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of GPs on this issue. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with a purposive sample of nine GPs (five men and four women) in Ireland. Potential participants were contacted via email and phone. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using Braun & Clarke’s (2006) model of thematic analysis. Results: GPs had limited awareness of the concept of complicated grief and were unfamiliar with relevant research. They also reported that their training was either non-existent or outdated. GPs formed their own knowledge of grief-related issues based on their intuition and experiences. For these reasons, there was not one agreed method of how to respond to grief-related issues reported by patients, though participants recognised the need for intervention, onward referral and review. Conclusions: The research highlighted that GPs felt they required training in complicated grief so that they would be better able to identify and respond to complicated grief.

scholarly journals Views about sensory modulation from people with schizophrenia and treating staff: A multisite qualitative study

2021 ◽  
pp. 030802262098847
Author(s):  
Tawanda Machingura ◽  
Chris Lloyd ◽  
Karen Murphy ◽  
Sarah Goulder ◽  
David Shum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Sensory Modulation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Effective Training

Introduction Current non-pharmacological treatment options for people with schizophrenia are limited. There is, however, emerging evidence that sensory modulation can be beneficial for this population. This study aimed to gain insight into sensory modulation from the user’s and the treating staff’s perspectives. Method A qualitative content analysis design was used. Transcripts from occupational therapists ( n=11) and patients with schizophrenia ( n=13) derived from in-depth semi-structured interviews were analysed for themes using content analysis. Results Five themes emerged from this study: Service user education on the sensory approach is the key; A variety of tools should be tried; Sensory modulation provides a valued treatment option; There are challenges of managing perceived risk at an organisational level; and There is a shortage of accessible and effective training. Conclusion People with schizophrenia and treating staff had congruent perceptions regarding the use of sensory modulation as a treatment option. The findings suggest that sensory modulation can be a valued addition to treatment options for people with schizophrenia. We suggest further research on sensory modulation intervention effectiveness using quantitative methods so these results can be further explored.

scholarly journals Birds of a Feather Flock Together: Disadvantageous Decision Making in Augmented Restless Legs Syndrome Patients with and without Impulse Control Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Beatrice Heim ◽  
Philipp Ellmerer ◽  
Ambra Stefani ◽  
Anna Heidbreder ◽  
Elisabeth Brandauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Information Sampling ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Beads Task

Background: Augmentation (AUG) in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) can be associated with impulse control disorder (ICD) symptoms, such as compulsive sexual behavior, gambling disorder or compulsive shopping. In this study, we wanted to assess whether RLS patients with AUG differ in decision making from those patients who have augmentation and in addition ICD symptoms (AUG + ICD) in a post hoc analysis of a patient cohort assessed in a previous study. Methods: In total, 40 RLS patients with augmentation (19 AUG + ICD, 21 AUG without ICDs) were included. RLS diagnosis, severity, and diagnosis of augmentation were made by sleep disorder specialists. ICD symptoms were assessed using semi-structured interviews. All patients performed the beads task, which is an information sampling task where participants must decide from which of the two cups colored beads were drawn. Results were compared to 21 healthy controls (HC). Results: There was no difference in information sampling or irrational decision making between AUG and AUG + ICD patients (p = 0.67 and p = 1.00, respectively). Both patient groups drew less beads and made more irrational decisions than HC (all p-values < 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that augmentation itself is associated with poorer decision making even in the absence of ICD symptoms. Further studies are necessary to explore whether rapid and hasty decision making are a harbinger of augmentation in RLS.

scholarly journals Exploring methodological approaches to assess climate change vulnerability and adaptation: reflections from using life history approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2667-2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandni Singh ◽  
Mark Tebboth ◽  
Dian Spear ◽  
Prince Ansah ◽  
Adelina Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Life History ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
Multiple Risks ◽  
Assess Climate Change ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Response Decisions ◽  
Adaptation Processes

AbstractPeople in developing countries face multiple risks, and their response decisions sit at the complex and often opaque interface of climatic stressors, constrained resource access, and changing livelihoods, social structures, and personal aspirations. Many risk management studies use a well-established toolkit of methodologies—household surveys, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews. We argue that such methodological conservatism tends to neglect the dynamic and differentiated nature of livelihood decisions. Since different methodologies privilege different portrayals of risk and response, we highlight how plural methodological approaches can capture a broader range of perspectives and problematisations. In this paper, we draw on life history (LH) interviews across four countries (Kenya, Namibia, Ghana, and India) to offer one way of expanding current methodological approaches on vulnerability and adaptation. We argue that LHs offer four key ‘value additions’. First, LHs give insights into the multiple and interacting nature of drivers of response behaviour. Second, they highlight intra-household dynamics to demonstrate how people with differential power shape risk management decisions. Third, LHs support explorations of past decisions, present situations, and future aspirations, thus producing temporally nuanced enquiries. Fourth, they provide a powerful analytical lens to capture the interplay of motivations, aspirations, and values on livelihood choices and adaptation outcomes. By adding value in these four ways, LHs challenge assumptions about how and why people respond to multiple risks and offer a nuanced understanding of adaptation processes.

Juggling on the line

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Evans
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Employee Relations ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Line Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
High Level

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the interplay between the role of front line managers (FLMs) and their contribution to the reported gap between intended and actual human resource management (HRM). Design/methodology/approach – The findings draw on case study research using 51 semi-structured interviews with managers across two UK retail organisations between 2012 and 2013. Findings – This paper argues that FLMs are key agents in people management and play a critical role in the gap between intended and actual employee relations (ER) and HRM. The research found that these managers held a high level of responsibility for people management, but experienced a lack of institutional support, monitoring or incentives to implement according to central policy. This provided an opportunity for them to modify or resist intended policy and the tensions inherent in their role were a critical factor in this manipulation of their people management responsibilities. Research limitations/implications – The data were collected from only one industry and two organisations so the conclusions need to be considered within these limitations. Practical implications – Efforts to address the gap between intended and actual ER/HRM within organisations will need to consider the role tensions of both front line and middle managers. Originality/value – This research provides a more nuanced understanding of the interplay between FLMs and the gap between intended and actual HRM within organisations. It addresses the issue of FLMs receiving less attention in the HRM-line management literature and the call to research their role in the translation of policy into practice.

“If I have to clean, I clean my own shop”: Migrant entrepreneurship as a form of emplacement in times of crisis: The example of Italy

Ethnicities ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Lintner
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Immigration Laws ◽  
Migrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One

This article analyses the relation between European economic crisis and immigration. It does so by analysing the establishment of migrants’ entrepreneurship activities in Italy, and by looking at how these activities unravel subjects’ agency in confronting constraining socioeconomic conditions and restrictive immigration laws. In this perspective, entrepreneurship should be understood as a possibility for transforming a person’s own incorporated cultural capital into a resource and, consequently, into an opportunity for self-created work performance. Interpreting entrepreneurship as a personal response of migrants to the economic recession offers a new perspective in the existing literature on migrant entrepreneurship. Crisis, in this paper, is not seen as an abstract and supernatural phenomenon leading and controlling the capacity of individuals to act, but is understood as a constructed set of meanings comprising social interactions and relationships and consolidated within public discourses. This study is based on a qualitative-explorative research approach and was carried out in South Tyrol, Italy. For the data collection, different qualitative methods were used: narrative interviews, informal discussions and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was based on the coding processes described within the Grounded Theory. As the results show, crisis as such represents, on the one hand, a critical moment of transition or transformation of normality and the constituted ways of acting and thinking and, on the other hand, it is perceived as a new opportunity to change individual behaviour and to initiate innovative counter-strategies that will maintain a person’s capacity to act even in critical personal and structural situations. Nevertheless, showing resilience, which is powerful and leads to change, depends not only on personal motivational forces but also to given opportunity structures.

scholarly journals Intellectual Capital, Literacy Sharia Banking and Banking Sharia Service Usage : A Multilevel Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5647-5651
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Service Usage ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
Post Hoc

This study aims to determine the effect of intellectual capital and literacy sharia banking to banking shariah service usage . This research uses quantitative methods and descriptive analysis of primary and secondary data using questionnaires, documentation, library studies and direct observation, the number of samples is 98 people through incidental sampling techniques using multiple linear regression as an analytical tool. Finding this research are intellectual capital has no influence on the use of sharia banking services while sharia banking literacy has an influence on the use of sharia banking services. The study involved 98 respondents banking shariah customer were selected at random. Instruments used for capital intellectual and shariah banking literacy developed by researchers from some of the instruments that have been used in some study previous. Instruments validated by a post hoc analysis of factors involving 98 respondents.

scholarly journals Student Athletic Therapists' Knowledge of Opioids and Other Pain-Relieving Medications

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Vandertuin ◽  
Dalya Abdulla ◽  
Stephanie Lowther
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Considerable Pressure

Context In their role as health care providers, student athletic therapists (SATs) are responsible for the prevention and management of injuries. To fully understand an injury, SATs require knowledge of contributing factors, including medications and their use and misuse. Opioid misuse by athletes to manage pain has been documented in the literature, highlighting the importance of SATs being able to recognize opioid use and misuse. Opioids are known to alleviate pain, to impair cognition, and to have addictive qualities which prevents appropriate assessment and management of injuries. Objective The objective of this study was to understand SATs' knowledge of pain-relieving medication, particularly opioids. Design Qualitative study. Setting Semistructured interview. Patients or Other Participants SATs at an accredited institution in Canada. Data Synthesis Data were collected through interviews and transcribed. Themes were developed using triangulation that reflected the data Results Four themes were uncovered: (1) SATs had experienced both personal and professional use of opioids, which formulated their current knowledge; (2) SATs lacked appropriate knowledge of pain-relieving medications in general and of the potential consequences of their lack of knowledge; (3) SATs' knowledge stemmed from culture, social media, and news organizations; (4) SATs felt considerable pressure to provide correct information due to their autonomous role with a team. Conclusions SATs lacked enough knowledge to be able to appropriately recognize and advise athletes on pain-relieving medications, particularly opioids. SATs formulated their knowledge and opinions from sources that were not rooted in research and as such may transfer incorrect information to their athletes. SATs stigmatized athletes who were using pain-relieving medication, which may factor into inappropriate decisions regarding an athlete's care. Finally, SATs carried a significant burden to share correct information with their athletes and did not refer to outside sources (eg, physicians) when they were unsure of the information they were sharing with their athletes.

scholarly journals Spiritual Well-being and Work Performance among Ground-level Employees: Unravelling the Connection

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Khong Loong Yee ◽  
Jonathan Smith ◽  
Simon Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Inquiry ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Workplace Spirituality ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

Extant research shows that spiritual well-being and work performance are directly connected. The connection is theorised to be due to the alignment between what employees are spiritually inclined towards and what they do at work. However, research overemphasises the performative benefits of spiritual pursuits and privilege the leaders’ views. These developments, coupled with the prevalent use of quantitative methods, have resulted in one-sided and uncontextualised theorisations that constrict how workplace spirituality is investigated, understood, and converted into action. In response to these gaps, this paper investigates the experiences of ground-level employees to uncover stories of how spiritual well-being may be connected to their work performance. The study uses the qualitative paradigm and narrative inquiry as its methodology to uncover the diverse ways in which spiritual well-being and work outcomes are connected, including ones that diminish or are inconsequential to work performance. There is a need to re-examine accepted knowledge regarding the direct connection between spiritual well-being and work performance and the assumed compatibility of enacting spiritual inclinations in organisational settings. This paper calls for a more nuanced understanding of how spiritual well-being is experienced and the implications these experiences might have on the ground-level employees’ work performance. Even as research unravels this relationship further, prescriptions for practice ought to be qualified, contextualised, tentative, and customised for and by the ground-level employee.

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