scholarly journals The role of socioeconomic, cultural, and structural factors in daycare attendance among refugee children

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-77
Author(s):  
Christoph Homuth ◽  
Elisabeth Liebau ◽  
Gisela Will
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
And Migration

Previous research has found that ethnic educational inequalities arise even before children enroll in primary school. It has been shown that especially for migrants, early participation in education has a positive impact on later educational outcomes, with the acquisition of the host-country language being one of the main mechanisms driving this effect. With the influx of over one million refugees into Germany in recent years, the integration of migrant children, especially refugee children, into the educational system is more salient in educational politics than ever. The first empirical findings on early and preschool education among refugees have shown that while a considerable share of refugee children attend a daycare center, they do so at lower rates than native and other migrant children. This paper aims to examine whether inequalities in the early education of refugee children can be explained by diff erent socioeconomic and migration-related factors known to be associated with inequality in daycare attendance and to explore whether additional refugee-specific factors aff ect the likelihood of enrollment in preschool education. With data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees in Germany and the study Refugees in the German Educational System (ReGES), we show that conventional explanatory variables do affect refugee children’s attendance of daycare centers. In addition to children’s age, the employment status of the mother, and the length of stay in Germany are particularly important. However, we see regional differences in participation in preschool education that cannot be explained by the municipal childcare supply.

scholarly journals 1042. The Attitude of Patients With HIV about Telehealth for Their HIV Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S550-S551
Author(s):  
Dima Dandachi ◽  
Bich Dang ◽  
Thomas Giordano Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Response Distribution ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Clinic Visits

Abstract Background The world is facing a pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 that disrupted our healthcare system and the way we deliver healthcare. For people with HIV (PWH), the ability to be retained in care plays a critical role in improving health outcomes and in preventing HIV transmission. Several definitions exist for retention in care, but they are centered around outpatient clinic visits. It is now more important than ever to understand PWH’s attitudes about using telemedicine for HIV care instead of face-to face clinic visits. Methods We administered a one-time survey to PWH presenting to an outpatient HIV center in Houston, Texas, from February–June 2018. The survey items were used to assess PWH’s attitudes towards and concerns for telehealth and explanatory variables. Results 371 participants completed the survey; median age was 51, 36% were female, and 63% African-American. Overall, 57% of respondents were more likely to use telehealth for their HIV care if available, as compared to one-on-one in-person care, and 37% would use telehealth frequently or always as an alternative to clinic visits. Participants reported many benefits including ability to fit better their schedule, decreasing travel time, and privacy but expressed concerns about the ability to effective communication and examination and the safety of personal information. Factors associated with likelihood of using telehealth include personal factors (US-born, men who have sex with men, higher educational attainment, higher HIV-related stigma perception), HIV-related factors (long standing HIV), and structural factors (having difficulty attending clinic visits, not knowing about or not having the necessary technology). There was no association between participants with uncontrolled HIV, medication adherence, and likelihood of using telehealth. Survey items and response distribution Conclusion Telehealth programs for PWH can improve retention in care. A modification of the definition for retention in care, incorporating telehealth, should be considered. Availability and confidence using various telehealth technologies need to be addressed to increase acceptability and usage of telehealth among PWH. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Migrant childhood and the ‘webdiaspora’ in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-375
Author(s):  
Juliana Doretto
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Migrant Child ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

This study aims to identify the representations of migrant childhood in Brazilian digital media that belong to what we call the ‘webdiaspora’ – media outlets produced by or for migrants. We argue that these migrant and refugee children live in an ‘in-between’ condition, not physically but symbolically. They build their identities not only negotiating the stereotypes of what it is to be a child in their nation of origin and in the country they live in but also through the representations of what it is to be a migrant child. We seek to present the migrant childhood through news articles found in the digital platform Mídia de Migrantes de São Paulo (‘Migrant Media of São Paulo’), which gathers over 100 media outlets that are part of the ‘webdiaspora’ and are produced in the São Paulo state, Brazil. We found approximately 30 articles that discuss childhood, from only three websites. The article concludes that even in publications focusing on community communication, migrant children remain underrepresented.

scholarly journals Wybrane czynniki warunkujące kompetencje szkolne z perspektywy współczesnych neuronauk i nauk pedagogicznych

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2 (252)) ◽  
pp. 122-149
Author(s):  
Miłosz Gołyszny
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
School Education ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
School Failures ◽  
External Motivation

There are several sources that determine school abilities: endogenous factors, i.e. abilities, intelligence, personality, internal motivation, and exogenous factors, such as environment and external motivation. The causes of school failures are found most often in the level of fluid or crystallised intelligence. In particular in the fluid intelligence, which is genetically conditioned. The type of personality also affects the achievement in learning, as well as the pleasure derived from it. The motives (for which students take action) can also have an impact on achievements – school abilities. There are two types of motivation: internal and external. The internal, exogenous motivation has an extremely strong positive impact and it should be stimulated by mentors – teachers. Furthermore, there are several types of general abilities that also affect school competences. Abilities should be noticed and developed during school education. Undoubtedly, the educational system should develop creativity and support the development of all individual characteristics, providing opportunity for self-fulfilment.

scholarly journals Awareness of vocational school students towards environment and nature conservationÖnlisans öğrencilerinin çevre ve doğa korumaya yönelik görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 4058
Author(s):  
Nihat Karakuş ◽  
Serdar Selim ◽  
Zeynep R. Ardahanlıoğlu ◽  
Özgür Özer ◽  
İsmail Çınar
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Industrial Evolution ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
One Way Anova

Natural resources which human beings used for fulfilling their basic needs in the past have considerably started to be consumed especially because of the industrial evolution based on fossil fuels and technological developments. Unconscious overconsumption of natural sources has resulted in an increase in environmental problems. These increasing problems and their sensible effects on living creatures have led people to protect the environment and to raise their environmental awareness. Within this scope, in recent years, lessons dealing with environment have started to be given in every phase of the Turkish Educational System from preschool education to university. Within this scope, in recent years, lessons dealing with environment have started to be given in every phase of the Turkish Educational System from preschool education to university. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the opinions of associate students, who actively study at Ortaca Vocational High School, dealing with the necessity of environment and nature protection and with the scenarios which might happen as a result of the environmental disruption.  In this context, a survey consisting of 21 questions was conducted and the answers of 284 students were analysed by using arithmetic mean(X), percentage, frequency analysis, two independent samples “t” test and  One-way Anova. As a conclusion, it is found that environmental consciousness of the participants increases along with their ages, levels of income and education and it is also found that consciousness of the female participants is higher than the male participants. Özetİnsanoğlunun ilk zamanlar temel gereksinimlerini karşılamak için kullandıkları doğal kaynaklar, özellikle fosil yakıtlara dayalı sanayileşmenin başlaması ve teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle birlikte önemli oranda tüketilmeye başlamıştır. Doğal kaynakların bilinçsizce tüketilmesi, beraberinde çevresel sorunlarının büyümesi sonucunu doğurmuştur. Bu sorunların her geçen yıl artış göstermesi ve canlılar üzerine etkilerinin hissedilir olması, insanların yaşadıkları çevreye sahip çıkmalarına ve çevresel bilinç düzeylerini geliştirmesine neden olmuştur. Bu kapsamda da son yıllarda okul öncesinden yükseköğretime kadar eğitim-öğretim dönemlerinin her aşamasında çevreyle ilgili dersler verilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Ortaca Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda aktif olarak eğitim alan önlisans öğrencilerinin, çevre ve doğa korumanın gerekliliği ve çevrenin bozulması sonucunda ortaya çıkabilecek senaryolarla ilgili görüşlerinin sosyo-ekonomik göstergelerine göre değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda 21 soruluk anket çalışması yapılmış ve ankete katılan 284 öğrencinin sorulara verdiği cevaplar, aritmetik ortalama (X), yüzde, frekans, bağımsız iki örnek t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (One-way Anova) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak katılımcıların yaş, gelir düzeyi ve eğitim düzeyi arttıkça çevresel duyarlılıklarının da arttığı ve kız öğrencilerin çevresel duyarlılıklarının da erkek öğrencilerden daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur.

scholarly journals Rozważania na temat podmiotów systemu oświaty

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1 (3)) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Danuta Kurzyna-Chmiel
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Education Law ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
Legal Term ◽  
The Law ◽  
Social Service Workers

The legislator considers the term “educational system” as one of the basic education laws. The legal term (included in the Education Law Act) “the educational system covers” lists its elements. They include, for example, various types of schools, kindergartens, alternative forms of preschool education, children’s holiday homes, centers of education. This system realizes recognized values, principles, as well as certain postulates and guidelines contained in the law. In essence, it is a collection of organizational units, whose activity is regulated by the Education Law Act. The majority of these activities are addressed to pupils. Some elements are also addressed to teachers and serve to develop them. Colleges of Social Service Workers do not fit in with the rest of the educational system.

Een halve eeuw vakbondslidmaatschap : Een verkennende longitudinale studie naar enkele cyclische determinanten voor de ledenontwikkeling van de Belgische vakbonden, 1946-1995

Res Publica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-32
Author(s):  
Kurt Vandaele
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Structural Variable ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Impact

This article explains the ebb and flow in Belgian trade union membership from 1946 to 1995 by replicating the econometric model by Bain and Elsheikhn in which changes in macro-economic variables are highly significant. Since the automatic indexation of wages and the extension of collective labour agreements invite free riding, the relevance of the change in inflation and real wage is quite striking. However, the free riding-effect is slowed down by the institutionalised presence of the trade unions on the work floor. The Ghent system explains the positive impact of the unemployment rate . The model is furthermore improved by the trade union density as a structural variable. The linear form reflects the enforcement effect, while the quadratic form mirrors the saturation effect on the trade union membership. Mainly due to the 'Allgemeinkoalitionsfähighkeit' of the Belgian government system, the impact of left parties on union growth and decline is not significant in a quantitative framework. With only four explanatory variables the model clarifies more than 75% of the fluctuations in Belgian trade union membership.

Refugees in Education

2018 ◽  
pp. 252-267
Author(s):  
Pierre Léna
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Family Culture ◽  
The Family ◽  
Displaced Children

This chapter focuses on one particular aspect of education for refugee children, namely science education, in the various contexts these refugees encounter, especially when immersed in cultures away from their mother language and bridges with the family culture. The universal character of natural sciences makes is precious for these displaced children. Renovating science education has been the subject of international efforts and remarkable innovative pilot projects since two decades A number of such projects, in various developing or developed countries, are reported here, with the positive impact which was observed in multi-cultural contexts. Although none of these projects yet dealt with extreme situations such as refugee camps, the lessons learned suggest to act in this direction, using the pedagogical ressources now available in many languages, as well as a potential contribution of the scientific community.

Spatial Model Approach for Deforestation

2013 ◽  
pp. 1901-1912
Author(s):  
Lilik B. Prasetyo ◽  
Chandra Irawadi Wijaya ◽  
Yudi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts

Java is very densely populated since it is inhabited by more than 60% of the total population of Indonesia. Based on data from the Ministry of Forestry, forest loss between 2000-2005 in Java was about 800,000 hectares. Regardless of the debate on whether the different methodologies of forest inventory applied in 2005 have resulted in an underestimation of the figure of forest loss or not, the decrease of forest cover in Java is obvious and needs immediate response. Spatial modeling of the deforestation will assist the policy makers in understanding this process and in taking it into consideration, when decisions are made on the issue. Moreover, the results can be used as data input to solve environmental problems resulting from deforestation. The authors of this chapter modeled the deforestation in Java by using logistic regression. Percentage of deforested area was considered as the response variable, whilst biophysical and socioeconomic factors, that explain the current spatial pattern in deforestation, were assigned as explanatory variables. Furthermore, the authors predicted the future deforestation process, and then, for the case of Java, it was validated with the actual deforestation derived from MODIS satellite imageries from 2000 to 2008. Results of the study showed that the impacts of population density, road density, and slope are significant. Population density and road density have negative impacts on deforestation, while slope has positive impact. Deforestation on Java Island tends to occur in remote areas with limited access, low density population and relatively steep slopes. Implication of the model is that the government should pay more attention to remote rural areas and develop good access to accelerate and create alternative non agricultural jobs in order to reduce pressure on the forest.

Spatial Model Approach for Deforestation

2011 ◽  
pp. 376-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilik B. Prasetyo ◽  
Chandra Irawadi Wijaya ◽  
Yudi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts

Java is very densely populated since it is inhabited by more than 60% of the total population of Indonesia. Based on data from the Ministry of Forestry, forest loss between 2000-2005 in Java was about 800,000 hectares. Regardless of the debate on whether the different methodologies of forest inventory applied in 2005 have resulted in an underestimation of the figure of forest loss or not, the decrease of forest cover in Java is obvious and needs immediate response. Spatial modeling of the deforestation will assist the policy makers in understanding this process and in taking it into consideration, when decisions are made on the issue. Moreover, the results can be used as data input to solve environmental problems resulting from deforestation. The authors of this chapter modeled the deforestation in Java by using logistic regression. Percentage of deforested area was considered as the response variable, whilst biophysical and socioeconomic factors, that explain the current spatial pattern in deforestation, were assigned as explanatory variables. Furthermore, the authors predicted the future deforestation process, and then, for the case of Java, it was validated with the actual deforestation derived from MODIS satellite imageries from 2000 to 2008. Results of the study showed that the impacts of population density, road density, and slope are significant. Population density and road density have negative impacts on deforestation, while slope has positive impact. Deforestation on Java Island tends to occur in remote areas with limited access, low density population and relatively steep slopes. Implication of the model is that the government should pay more attention to remote rural areas and develop good access to accelerate and create alternative non agricultural jobs in order to reduce pressure on the forest.

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