scholarly journals Wybrane czynniki warunkujące kompetencje szkolne z perspektywy współczesnych neuronauk i nauk pedagogicznych

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2 (252)) ◽  
pp. 122-149
Author(s):  
Miłosz Gołyszny
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
School Education ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
School Failures ◽  
External Motivation

There are several sources that determine school abilities: endogenous factors, i.e. abilities, intelligence, personality, internal motivation, and exogenous factors, such as environment and external motivation. The causes of school failures are found most often in the level of fluid or crystallised intelligence. In particular in the fluid intelligence, which is genetically conditioned. The type of personality also affects the achievement in learning, as well as the pleasure derived from it. The motives (for which students take action) can also have an impact on achievements – school abilities. There are two types of motivation: internal and external. The internal, exogenous motivation has an extremely strong positive impact and it should be stimulated by mentors – teachers. Furthermore, there are several types of general abilities that also affect school competences. Abilities should be noticed and developed during school education. Undoubtedly, the educational system should develop creativity and support the development of all individual characteristics, providing opportunity for self-fulfilment.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LOCAL TERRITORIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL-EXOGENOUS FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Irina Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of the major exogenous factors on the development and effective functioning of the local territories. Notion of the regional economic development is based on the research that study factors, characteristics and conditions for economic growth. In this sense, the study of the influence of exogenous factors is a new scientific direction, which allows, based on an analysis of the degree of influence of these factors, to determine strategic directions for the prospective development of local territories by optimizing the use of resource potential and the production of products and services taking into account the specifics of the local territory. As a result, the analysis identifies the determinants that affect the development of local territories: economic, informational, socio-cultural and public ones. The economic factor is assessed in terms of fiscal policy in the region and is evaluated as a factor in the adverse effect, in view of the traditional subsidy of the region. Factors with positive influence on the development of local territories can be classified as informational, socio-cultural and public. Thus, we can conclude that there are both positive and negative effects of endogenous factors in the region. All in all, the majority of natural and exogenous factors in the Altai Region have a positive impact, thereby creating favorable conditions for the functioning of local territories in the region.

scholarly journals Behind an Accelerated Scientific Research Career: Dynamic Interplay of Endogenous and Exogenous Forces in Talent Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
David Yun Dai ◽  
Xian (Stella) Li
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
Early College ◽  
Research Career ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

This study looks at the educational experiences, from the preschool years to advanced professional training in STEM fields, of a targeted sample of 10 (7 male, 3 female) early college entrants in China who later became professors at prestigious USA research universities. The purpose of the study was to find out (1) what some identifiable endogenous factors were about these individuals that facilitated the success of their accelerated learning and development; (2) what kinds of exogenous factors (e.g., environmental opportunities, resources, support) they experienced from childhood to adulthood that enhanced the successful acceleration experience; and (3) how these endogenous and exogenous factors facilitated their developmental transitions every step of the way, especially from the role of a student to that of an aspiring scientist. These questions are addressed in light of evolving complexity theory. Retrospective interviews were used for data collection. Thematic analysis of the codes from interview data yielded a conceptual map. A distinct set of endogenous and exogenous factors at different developmental junctures were identified, and their dynamic interplay was delineated to account for accelerated trajectories toward a scientific research career. The theoretical significance and practical implications of the study for talent development in science are discussed.

Mixed emotions and credence service use: insights from at-risk gamblers

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-754
Author(s):  
Svetlana De Vos ◽  
Roberta Crouch ◽  
Pascale Quester ◽  
Jasmina Ilicic
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tolerance Of Ambiguity ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
Vulnerable Consumers ◽  
Credence Services

Purpose This paper aims to explore the power of appeals based on fear mixed with challenge co-designed with vulnerable consumers in motivating the use of credence services. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative phase (Study 1), comprising focus groups of self-identified at-risk gamblers, revealed a series of conceptual themes for advertising stimuli that were then tested empirically (Study 2) on the likelihood to use credence services in a gambling context. Individual characteristics such as tolerance of ambiguity were also tested for their potential moderating influence. Findings In comparison to appeals based on single emotions, fear mixed with the challenge has a significantly stronger impact on intentions to use credence services in at-risk gamblers. Findings confirm the indirect positive impact of fear mixed with the challenge via sequential mediators of involvement with advertising and attitude towards credence service advertising. The moderating role of tolerance of ambiguity on credence service use intentions was confirmed. Originality/value The potential of a fear mixed with challenge appeal to motivate vulnerable consumers to seek credence services has not been investigated to date. The findings contribute to both the transformative service research and advertising literature streams by providing valuable insights into promotional campaigns aimed at vulnerable consumers such as at-risk gamblers.

IMMUNOLOGIC AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RHEUMATIC FEVER

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-241
Author(s):  
MAY G. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Exogenous Agents ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Long Term Observation

CERTAIN individuals are more susceptible than others to many conditions. In recent years it has become clear that in rheumatic fever, susceptibility of the host is an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. It was concluded from genetic and epidemiologic studies that susceptibility to rheumatic fever is on a genetic and age basis. Although the susceptible child cannot be identified at the present time, the number of children expected to be susceptible in a group of families of known genotype may be determined on the basis of recessive inheritance. It may, therefore, be postulated that distributed among a group of families of known hereditary background are children who are susceptible and insusceptible to the acquisition of rheumatic fever. As a direct result of long term observation of rheumatic families over a period of 30 years, a second generation of children of known hereditary background is available to us for exploratory studies. This group includes children from families in which one or both parents are rheumatic, or in which neither parent is rheumatic. In this group there are normal (insusceptible), susceptible and rheumatic children. The nature of the hereditable factors which may be responsible for susceptibility is obscure. Recent advances in biochemical genetics have provocative implications in rheumatic fever. Of particular interest are the observations which demonstrate that such biochemical reactions as enzyme and protein specificities are gene determined. As a working hypothesis it seemed reasonable to postulate that in a susceptible child, abnormal physiologic, chemical, immunologic or hormonal responses might be found. Differences might then be observed in certain reactions between the normal group and a group containing a high proportion of genetically susceptible children. This approach does not conflict with the concept that exogenous factors, irrespective of their nature, may also be operative. If the nature of the endogenous factors were known, the role of possible exogenous agents would be clarified.

scholarly journals Academic motivation in early adolescence based on self-determination theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusana Sarcevic
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
Total Agreement ◽  
External Motivation

This paper has tested the most frequently used instrument for assessing academic motivation in adolescents, which measures seven aspects of motivation in accordance with the self-determination theory. In the first version of this questionnaire, four factors were singled out in the Serbian sample. Based on the first version, the second one was made under the name AMS, containing 32 items with five-degree categories of answers ranging from total disagreement to total agreement. The AMS questionnaire was administered on the convenient sample of 1.106 respondents aged 10 to 15 of both genders (51% female). Four factors were extracted, defined as Internal motivation, External motivation, Introjected motivation and Amotivation. The self-determination continuum has not been confirmed completely since some dimensions have a different status of self-determination than it was expected, while psychometric characteristics of the scales proved to be very good. Compared to the first version, this version of the questionnaire has better psychometric characteristics, reflects more clearly the theoretical assumption about the aspects of academic motivation and partially confirms its continuum. Hence, it can be stated that the AMS questionnaire is a good enough indicator of academic motivation in early adolescence.

scholarly journals Motivation and Academic Performance: An Inter-country Comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. p70
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Gale ◽  
Clifford Nowell
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
External Motivation

The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of amotivation on academic performance and to test whether the impact of motivation on academic performance differs across students from China and the U.S. Using data from Chinese and U.S. students located in their home countries, we find amotivation negatively impacts academic performance of both groups of students. We also show that external motivation is positively associated with academic achievement. While these findings are consistent with results from previous studies, we extend the understanding on the relationship between motivation and academic performance by demonstrating that the magnitude of the detrimental impact of amotivation differs between students in the two countries and that the positive impact of higher levels of external motivation provides similar benefits for both groups of students.

scholarly journals Pembelajaran Kitab Kuning pada Pondok Pesantren Khusus Al-Halimy Desa Sesela Kabupaten Lombok Barat

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Ar Rasikh Ar Rasikh
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
School Education ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
The Right

Kitab kuning merupakan faktor penting yang menjadi karakteristik Pondok Pesantren (Ponpes). Artikel ini membahas pembelajaran Kitab Kuning di Pondok Khusus Ponpes Al-Halimy Sesela. Pembahasan difokuskan pada metode dan penerapannya dalam pembelajaran, serta teknik penilaian setelah pelakasanaan pembelajaran berlangsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pondok Khusus Al-Halimy Sesela menerapkan beberapa metode yang lazimnya digunakan di pondok-pondok Salaf, menggunakan metode klasik, yaitu metode sorogan, bandongan, wetonan, halaqoh, diskusi, demonstrasi, dan tanya jawab. Penerapan metode-metode dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning didasarkan kesesuaian metode yang akan digunakan dengan mata pelajaran yang akan diajarkan. Keberhasilan suatu metode yang diterapkan dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning di Pondok Khusus Al-Halimy Sesela diukur dengan menggunakan beberapa cara di antaranya adalah dengan menguji secara langsung. Hendaknya tradisi pesantren Salaf tetap dapat dipertahankan dan selanjutnya memasukkan tradisi pesantren khalaf yang lebih baik, pemilihan metode yang tepat guna supaya memberikan dampak positif bagi kemajuan pendidikan pesantren sehingga akan muncul lulusan-lulusan yang betul-betul tafaqquh fi al-din. Title: Learning of Kitab Kuning “Yellow Book” at Special Al-Halimy Islamic Boarding School In Sesela Village of West Lombok Regency Abstract: The yellow book is an important factor which becomes characteristic of Islamic Boarding Schools. The results of the preliminary research showed that the Special Al-Halimy Islamic Boarding School of Sesela only studies classical books or yellow books which are not included in the governmental curriculum. The focuses of the study in this research included: First, it is related to the method used in yellow book learning; Second, it is related to how the application of learning methods is; Third, it is related to how the assessment after the implementation of yellow book learning takes place. The research design used descriptive qualitative. Then the results of the research showed that 1) special Al-Halimy Islamic Boarding School of Sesela applies several methods commonly used in Salaf Islamic Boarding Schools which teach yellow books, such as sorogan (individual), wetonan (group), and discussion methods. In addition, the types of methods used still use classical methods, namely the sorogan, bandongan, wetonan, and halaqoh methods, and also there are discussion, demonstration and question and answer methods, 2). The application of methods in yellow book learning is based on the suitability of method to be used with the subjects to be taught. 3). To find out the success level of a method applied in the yellow book learning at special Al-Halimy Islamic Boarding School of Sesela is by using several methods including testing directly. The final advice is given to the head of the Special Islamic Boarding School in order to maintain the tradition of the salaf Islamic Boarding School and incorporate the tradition of a better Khalaf Islamic Boarding School in order to give a positive impact on the progress of Islamic Boarding School education so that the graduates who truly understand the religion (tafaqquh fi al-din) will emerge and for  the teachers of special Al-Halimy Islamic Boarding School of Sesela, they have to be able to choose the right learning method and be able to see what the students need in joining the learning so that the learning objectives can be achieved.

scholarly journals Can social support work virtually? Evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis patients’ experiences with an interactive online tool

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatina Kostova ◽  
Maria Caiata-Zufferey ◽  
Peter J Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Psychological Suffering

BACKGROUND: There is strong empirical evidence that the support that chronic patients receive from their environment is fundamental for the way they cope with physical and psychological suffering. Nevertheless, in the case of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), providing the appropriate social support is still a challenge, and such support has often proven to be elusive and unreliable in helping patients to manage the disease.OBJECTIVES: To explore whether and how social support for RA patients can be provided online, and to assess the conditions under which such support is effective. An online support tool was designed to provide patients with both tailored information and opportunities to interact online with health professionals and fellow sufferers. The general purpose was to identify where the support provided did – or did not – help patients, and to judge whether the determinants of success lay more within patients – their engagement and willingness to participate – or within the design of the website itself.METHODS: The present study reports qualitative interviews with 19 users of the tool. A more specific purpose was to elaborate qualitatively on results from a quantitative survey of users, which indicated that any positive impact was confined to practical matters of pain management rather than extending to more fundamental psychological outcomes such as acceptance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Overall, online learning and interaction can do much to help patients with the everyday stresses of their disease; however, its potential for more durable positive impact depends on various individual characteristics such as personality traits, existing social networks, and the severity and longevity of the disease.

The self-regulation of prejudice: Toward understanding its lived character

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margo J. Monteith ◽  
Aimee Y. Mark ◽  
Leslie Ashburn-Nardo
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
Racial Experiences ◽  
The Future ◽  
External Motivation

Survey and laboratory studies provide support for the self-regulation of prejudice, but it is unclear whether people similarly self-regulate in“real life. Using a phenomenological approach, 153 non-Black participants recalled racial experiences in which they responded in ways they later wished had been different. Participants internally motivated to control prejudice reported discrepancies regardless of their external motivation, but even participants low on internal motivation reported prejudice-related discrepancies if they were externally motivated. Content analysis results are presented to summarize participants discrepancy experiences. Also, most participants discrepancies produced negative self-directed affect and the self-regulation of prejudice in the future. Findings suggest that self-regulation generalizes beyond the laboratory and occurs even among people who are not internally motivated to control their prejudice.

The Changing Urban Political Order and Politics of Space: A Study of Hong Kong’s POSPD Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Regime ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Postindustrial Era

There is an increasing tension between the land development regime and grassroots antigrowth coalitions in Hong Kong, where public spaces have played a critical role. This article aims to examine (1) whether the transitional process of urban political orders is punctuated or gradual; (2) whether transitional change is driven by exogenous factors, endogenous factors, or both; (3) the extent to which the social production model of power is still applicable in the postindustrial era; and (4) how political sociospatial dialectic works in the changing urban political order. This study first reviews the development of Public Open Spaces in Private Development (POSPD) with the changing urban political order, and then explains why POSPD policy has become the concern of both the regime and the emerging antigrowth coalition. Two representative spatial protests are explored to illustrate how awakening civil power challenges the regime and how the regime resists and defends its realm.

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