scholarly journals Abdominal re-interventions in Butembo City, Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Moise Muhindo Valimungighe ◽  
◽  
Joel Kambale Ketha ◽  
Michel Kalongo Ilumbulumbu ◽  
Nathan Bisimwa Mitima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
General Reference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reference Hospital ◽  
Initial Intervention ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Surgery Department

Introduction: The abdominal re-intervention is an abdominal operation performed in the first 60 days of the initial abdominal surgery. It is badly consider because of its heavy morbidity and mortality and there is no clear indication of abdominal re-intervention. This study aims to determine the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of inpatient undergoing abdominal re-interventions in Butembo town. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out in Butembo City especially at Cliniques Universitaires du Graben, the Katwa General Reference Hospital (HGR), the Kitatumba HGR and the Matanda Hospital from June 1st to December 31st, 2016 and involved 418 inpatients in the abdominal surgery department, of whom 52 undergoing re-intervention. Results: Overall 12.44% of patients underwent the abdominal re-intervention; women were affected in 67.3% against men in 32.7% of cases. The age group between 20 and 30 years old was the most affected. Gynecological and obstetric interventions represent 38.46% of initial intervention. Postoperative abdominal pain alone accounts for 48.1% of complaints. Postoperative peritonitis is the etiology of re-interventions in 57.7%; 8 patients (15.4%) died and 75% of deaths are due to septic shock. Conclusion: The abdominal re-interventions are more frequent in Butembo city. This remains a public health problem because of their heavy morbidity and mortality. Multi-visceral failure is the most common cause of death

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of Ascariasis in Provincial General Reference Hospital of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
Motuta Amisi Christian ◽  
Djolu Djoza Ruphin ◽  
Masengo Ashande Colette ◽  
Gbolo Zoawe Benjamin ◽  
Bongo Ngiala Gédéon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
General Reference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reference Hospital ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
The Brain

A cross sectional study was carried out on intestinal ascariasis, which is a helminth of fecal peril that colonizes the digestive tract with the possibility of complications in organs such as the intestines, liver, lungs and even the brain. The study was carried out at the General Reference Hospital of Kinshasa where medical records were used to collect data and the study period was from January 2016 and December 2017. The findings show females (61.19%) are predominant than males (38.80%), and the gender sex ratio (M/F) was 0.63. The incidence was high in June 2016 and November 2017 are the most affected months by Ascariasis in our study with 7 cases or 18.98% and 6 cases or 20% for each year. The age group between 31 - 40 years of age predominated by the attack of this parasitic affection with the extreme ages of 8 months and 75 years. The incidence varied with a peak in June with 7 cases or 18.98%. A variable incidence with a peak in November with 6 cases or 20%.

scholarly journals Prevalence ofSchistosoma mansoniInfection in Four Health Areas of Kisantu Health Zone, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khonde Kumbu ◽  
K. Mbanzulu Makola ◽  
Lu Bin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Health Zone

Background. Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in Democratic Republic of the Congo but estimates of its prevalence vary widely. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence ofSchistosoma mansoniinfection and associated risk factors among children in 4 health areas of Kisantu health zone.Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 4 health areas of Kisantu health zone. 388 children randomly selected were screened forS. mansoniusing Kato Katz technique and the sociodemographic data was collected. Data were entered and encoded using software EpiData version 3.1. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 21 software.Results. The prevalence ofS. mansoniwas 26.5% (103); almost two-thirds (63) (61.2%) had light infection intensity. A significant association was found betweenS. mansoniinfection and age (p=0.005), educational level (p=0.001), and practices of swimming/bathing (p<0.001) and using water from river/lake/stream for domestic use (p<0.001). Kipasa health area had high prevalence of schistosomiasis (64.6%) (64/99; 95% CI 54.4–74.0) compared to other health areas.Conclusion.Schistosoma mansoniinfection still remains a public health problem in these areas. There is a need to promote health education and promote behavioral changes in children towards schistosomiasis.

scholarly journals Unintended Pregnancy in Ethiopia: Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kidest Getu Melese ◽  
Mignote Hailu Gebrie ◽  
Martha Berta Badi ◽  
Wubalem Fekadu Mersha
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction. Unintended pregnancy is defined as a pregnancy which is a sum of mistimed pregnancy (pregnancy wanted at a later time) and unwanted pregnancy (pregnancy which is not wanted at all). Unintended pregnancy is a global public health problem and its sequels are major causes for maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality with its effect to maternal metal illness as well.Objective. To determine the prevalence and associated factors of unintended pregnancy in Debre Birhan town, northeast of Ethiopia, in 2014.Method. Community based cross-sectional study and questionnaire developed from Ethiopian demographic health survey 2011. Participants were 690 currently pregnant mothers. Association of unintended pregnancy with factors was measured with bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions.Result. In this study unintended pregnancy is found to be 23.5%. Being formerly married and never married, distance to the nearest health facility>80 minutes, gravidity>5, 1-2 parity, and partner disagreement on desired number of children are the variables significantly associated with unintended pregnancy.Conclusion. Significant proportion of unintended pregnancy is found in the study area. To minimize unintended pregnancy concerned bodies should work on the identified factors, so we can minimize maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and keep the health of the family specifically and country in general.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of uterine myomas among nulligest women at the general reference hospital of Panzi in Democratic Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1759
Author(s):  
Sifa Balungwe ◽  
Raha Maroyi ◽  
Mpakanyi Joyeux ◽  
Mukango Omari ◽  
Mulongo Philémon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
General Reference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Uterine Myomas ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Background: Myomas appear early in young women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of uterine myomas among nulligest women screened at the Panzi Hospital in South Kivu.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among women aged 20-35 years during the period from 01 August 2018 to 01 August 2019. Women were recruited for screening after their informed consent. Informed consent was sought prior to participation in the study. The main data collection tools were the survey questionnaire. An individual survey questionnaire was used for data collection, laboratory records and trans-abdominal ultrasound. Descriptive statistics were calculated.Results: The median age of the women was 25 years. Positive myotomy was noted in 45.9% of cases. Submucosal and subperitoneal localization was predominant (48.6%). Young, unmarried, overweight women were the most common. The mean age of the menarche was 11.83±1.48 years. The consumption of red meat, green vegetables and alcohol was more noted. Exposure to the sun and wearing half-covered clothing were also noted. Abdominal and lumbar pain were the main symptoms observed. The majority used lightening products.Conclusions: The study notes the early appearance of uterine myomas among women aged 20-35 years in our environment. A mass evaluation and screening of this population is necessary to establish prevention and the best management.

scholarly journals Pattern of Morbidity and Mortality due to Road Traffic Accident at College of Medical Sciences, Chitwan, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Ava Upadhyay Pohrel ◽  
A. Acharya ◽  
A. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Road traffic accident (RTA) which is recognized as a public health problem is one of the fastest growing epidemics in the South-East Asian Region. Every hour, 40 people in the region die as a result of collision. Objectives: To estimate the morbidity and mortality of RTA victims and also to assess the pattern of the RTAs at College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 100 RTA victims who attended College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur during 2013. Results: Majority of RTA victims were male (76%) and in the age group between 20 and 39 years (48%). Maximum numbers of accidents occurred between 12 noon to 12 midnight (79%). More accident occurred on Friday (23%). Most of the RTAs occurred on motor bike (42.0%) and the most common nature of accident was through collision of the vehicle and fall/slide of moving vehicle (56.0%). Abrasion was the most common injury occurred during the RTA (91%). Almost two-thirds of the victims had laceration, nearly half had swelling and 26% had fractures. Four percentages of victims had fatality. Bad condition of road (37.0%) and speedy driving (23.0%) were the leading causes of RTA. There were 15.0% of victims who were under the influence of alcohol in RTA. Conclusion: There was high number of male victims with motorbike as the major contributor. Abrasion, laceration and fatality were found. Bad condition of road, speed driving and alcohol habit during driving were found to be the leading causes of RTA.

scholarly journals Wide gap between knowledge and practices: a cause of concern for high prevalence of hypertension among lower socioeconomic class among urban slum population

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan P. Joshi ◽  
Mahesh A. Puri ◽  
Samina M. Ausvi ◽  
Ajeet V. Saoji
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Masses

Background: Being an important public health problem, increasing the awareness and changing the attitudes regarding hypertension among masses would definitely help in reducing its morbidity and mortality. The study was planned with the aim to study the knowledge, attitude, practices and the prevalence of hypertension and related different socio-demographic factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 280 adults aged above 18 years at an urban slum in Nagpur during January 2016 to June 2017. The collection of data and the measurement of the blood pressure were done as per protocol and analysis was done.Results: Among the total 280 study subjects, the majority of 149 (53%) participants were in the age group of 41 to 60 years and majority of 250 (89%) participants were from class IV and V. Among the study subjects, around 178 (64%) were tobacco and alcohol consumers. There was statistically significant association of hypertension with alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activities at workplace, SES class and family history of hypertension amongst them. Though, 62% of the participants had good knowledge regarding hypertension, only 54% were having positive attitude regarding it. But barely 42.75% of the participants were actually practicing those healthy practices.Conclusions: This difference in knowledge and practices is expected to have its impact on the morbidity and mortality of hypertension amongst the masses. There seems to be an urgent need for providing diagnostic and treatment facilities at primary healthcare level, including the need of health education regarding risk factors causing hypertension.

Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽  
Diriba Dereje Olana ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

scholarly journals Monitoring migrant groups as a post-validation surveillance approach to contain the potential reemergence of lymphatic filariasis in Togo

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Ameyo Dorkenoo ◽  
Martin Kouame Tchankoni ◽  
Degninou Yehadji ◽  
Kossi Yakpa ◽  
Mawèké Tchalim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Positive Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Case Investigation ◽  
Migrant Groups

Abstract Background In March 2017, Togo was declared the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem, but post-validation surveillance has been lacking. In some areas of the country, migrant groups from neighboring countries that are still endemic for LF pose a risk of reintroduction of LF to Togo. The objective of this study was to identify the risk posed by migrant groups by measuring their prevalence of LF infection and investigating any positive case using Togo’s case investigation algorithm to prevent resurgence of LF and sustain Togo’s elimination success. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 in the northernmost region of the country. Three migrant populations were identified: (i) nomadic Peuhls, (ii) Togolese members of local communities who migrate annually to neighboring countries for seasonal labor, and (iii) refugees from Ghana who came to Togo because of a communal conflict in Ghana. A questionnaire was designed to collect data on demographics and history of LF and MDA; all participants were tested for circulating filariasis antigen (CFA) using the filariasis test strip (FTS). Any CFA-positive case was confirmed with nocturnal microfilaremia. Results Refugees, seasonal economic migrants and nomadic Peuhls represented 42.1%, 31.4% and 26.5% of the study participants, respectively. The overall prevalence of CFA was 4.2% (58/1391) with the highest prevalence in the nomadic Peuhl group (11.9%), but only one of them (0.07%) was confirmed positive with nocturnal microfilaremia. Using the case investigation algorithm, no other positive case was identified in the positive case’s surroundings. Conclusion This study demonstrates that nomadic Peuhls, with a CFA prevalence of 11.9%, pose a potential risk for reintroduction of LF into Togo while Ghanaian refugees and seasonal economic migrants do not appear to pose a significant risk. Periodic monitoring of migrants, especially the nomadic Peuhl population, is a potential post-validation surveillance approach that could be used to promptly detect any LF cluster that may arise.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Home Confinement in Children’s Refractive Errors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5347
Author(s):  
Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina ◽  
Clara Martinez-Perez ◽  
Cesar Villa-Collar ◽  
Cristina Andreu-Vázquez ◽  
Alicia Ruiz-Pomeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
Near Work ◽  
The Impact

Background: Myopia is a public health problem, with estimations that 50% of the world population will be myopic by 2050. Some environmental factors, such as time spent outdoors, doing near work, and using digital devices, influence the development of myopia in children. Home confinement in Spain has increased these risk factors, so this study aims to investigate the impact of home confinement during the COVID-19 outbreak in the vision of school-aged children; Methods: A cross-sectional study in children between 5 and 7 years old that completed a visual screening and a questionnaire about their lifestyles at opticians in Spain in September and October of 2019 and 2020. Statistical analysis to compare lifestyles pre and post confinement, and vision in 2020 versus a similar cohort examined at the same opticians in 2019, was conducted; Results: Spanish children spent less time outdoors and more time doing near work in 2020 than in 2019 (p ≤ 0.001). There was a significant decrease of the spherical equivalent (mean ± standard deviation; 0.66 ± 2.03 D in 2019 vs. 0.48 ± 1.81 D in 2020; p ≤ 0.001); Conclusions: Lifestyles of Spanish children changed during the home confinement at the beginning of 2020. Together with changes in their lifestyles, spherical equivalents have decreased, which implies higher figures of myopia for children aged between 5 and 7.

Perceived Experiences of Community Violence Among Adolescents: A School Survey From Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110051
Author(s):  
Claudia L. de Moraes ◽  
Érika B. dos Santos ◽  
Michael E. Reichenheim ◽  
Stella R. Taquette ◽  
Luciane Stochero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interpersonal Aggression ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Management Actions

Community violence (CV) is a global public health problem due to its high frequency and severe consequences. Although CV is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents, little is known about the everyday CV situations that do not lead to death. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of exposure to and involvement in CV situations among adolescent students from public and private schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study of 693 individuals in their second year of high school selected through stratified multistage random sampling. Information about their exposure to and involvement in CV was collected through a self-completed multidimensional questionnaire in the classrooms. For approximately 30% of the adolescents, someone close to them had been murdered, and 40% had already seen the corpse of a victim of homicide. Seventeen percent reported having been directly involved in CV situations. Approximately 38%, 13%, and 25% had been victims of robberies, interpersonal aggression, and death threats to either themselves or their relatives, respectively. Many of these situations occurred more than once. In general, CV was more frequently reported by boys and by those who did not live with both parents. Adolescents from higher economic classes experienced more interpersonal aggression and felt a greater need to carry a gun. Those who belonged to the lower economic classes and studied in public schools were more exposed to lethal violence than other students. The results call attention to the very high percentage of adolescent students that are involved in CV situations as well as to the differences in violence rates among population subgroups. Such findings should be considered when planning CV prevention and management actions in schools and other socialization spaces for adolescents.

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