scholarly journals Analisis Komposisi dan Kandungan Karotenoid Total dan Vitamin A Fraksi Cair dan Padat Minyak Sawit Kasar (CPO) Menggunakan KCKT Detektor PDA

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
M. Rio Syahputra ◽  
Ferry F Karwur ◽  
Leenawaty Limantara
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Two Phases

This study was carried out on two phases of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) to determine the total and composition ofcarotenoid and vitamin A content. Total of carotenoid was analyzed using spectrophotometer UV-Vis, and then theresult was calculated by Gross (1991) equation. The vitamin A content was calculated by NAS-NRC equation (1974).The type and composition of both phases of CPO were determined by Choo’s method (1994) by using HPLC withPhoto Diode Array (PDA) detector. The sample was prepared in two methods, with and without saponification. Theresult shows that total carotenoids in liquid and solid phase of CPO are 536 ± 13.2 g/g (liquid), 352 ± 17.7 μg/g(solid) and the vitamin A were 89.4 ± 2.2 RE (liquid), 58.7 ± 3.0 RE (solid), respectively. The carotenoid compositionsof both phases of CPO were dominated by - and -carotenes. The result shows that - and -carotenes preparedby saponification method in liquid phase are 29.03% and 60.88%, and without saponification (direct method) are28.14% and 59.44%. The result for solid phase shows that - and -carotenes by saponification are 25.89% and60.81%, and without saponification (direct method) are 30.00% and 56.92%. The research also shows the advantagesof using HPLC with PDA detector for identification and analysis of type and carotenoid composition.

Effect of Vortex Finder, Inlet and Body Diameter on Separation Efficiency of Hydrocyclone for Crude Palm Oil Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supachart Pakpoom ◽  
Kruakaew Prarop ◽  
Swasdisevi Thanit ◽  
Wongsarivej Pratarn
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Body Diameter ◽  
Vortex Finder ◽  
Simulation And Experiment

Hydrocyclone is novel optional equipment that can be applied in solid separation for crude palm oil process because of its advantage over the existing technology. Hydrocyclone is a cost-effective, continuous tool which is easy for maintenance. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of vortex finder, inlet, and body diameter of hydrocyclone on separation efficiency of palm meal from crude palm oil by using PVC resin as the solid phase and biodiesel B5 as the liquid phase. All parameters were simulated using computational fluid dynamic, CFD. In addition, the inlet diameters were tested experimentally. The feed flow rates in both simulation and experiment were varied from 4 - 14 L/min at the constant flow ratio of 0.2. Experimental design was clearly specified. The vortex finder diameters of 3.8, 4.8, and 5.8 mm were also simulated as well as the inlet diameters of 5, 6, and 7 mm. Three sizes of body diameter of 30, 40, and 50 mm were selected as the example sizes. According to the simulation results, the smaller vortex finder, inlet, and body diameter of hydrocyclone revealed the higher separation efficiency.

scholarly journals A Novelty System for Biotization of Plant Microshoots and Collection of Natural Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Mário Rui da Costa Basílio e Castro ◽  
Carla Ragonezi ◽  
Paulo Guilherme Leandro de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Amely Zavattieri
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Growth Optimization ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Two Phases

An in vitro plant microshoot culture system composed of two phases; a liquid phase overlaid by a floating solid phase, which is described in detail herein. This system is designed to enable the extraction of natural compounds released/disseminated into the liquid phase during root growth, thus facilitating their processing and biochemical characterization. The solid phase holds the plant afloat and enables the simultaneous culture of a microorganism, yet avoiding its penetration into the liquid phase, where the roots are submerged. Both phases can be independently formulated as required for growth optimization of both organisms. Considering the closed system and known variables described in this patent, applications of the described method include testing with pesticides, herbicides, and other similar products.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Molecular Dynamics of C70 in the Solid and Liquid Phases

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Hughes ◽  
P. Mutzenhardt ◽  
A. A. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Small Step ◽  
Correlation Times ◽  
Diffusion Constants ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Two Phases

A previous study of C70 in deuterated benzenes generated evidence suggesting C70 exhibited unique reorientational behavior depending on its environment. We present a comparison of the dynamic behavior of this fullerene, in the solid and solution phases, to explore any unique features between these two phases. The effective correlation times, τCeff, of C70 in the solid state are 2 to 3 times longer than in solution. In the solid state, a noticeable decrease in all the carbons' correlation times is seen between 293 K to 303 K; suggesting a transition from isotropic to anisotropic reorientational behavior at this temperature change. Although C70 in solution experiences van der Waals type interactions, these interactions are not strong enough to slow the solution-state motion below what is observed in the solid state. All observed differences in the diffusion constants, DX and DZ, in solution are smaller than in the solid state suggesting a lower energy of activation between these two modes of reorientation in the liquid phase. A small-step diffusion “like” condition appears to be thermally generated in the solid phase at 323 K.

Impact of Crude Palm Oil Fortified Cookies Supplementation on Anthropometry, Vitamin A and Hematological Status of School Children in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobhana Ranjan ◽  
Santosh J. Passi ◽  
Som N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract. Objectives: Food-based strategies remain the most sustainable solutions for combating micronutrient deficiencies. Crude palm oil being the richest natural source of β-carotene, the study aimed to assess the impact of crude palm oil fortified cookies supplementation on anthropometry, vitamin A and hematological status of school children. Methods: 444 children (boys-226, girls-218), aged 5-13 years from two Municipal Corporation of Delhi primary schools were enrolled. By draw of lot, children from one of the schools formed the experimental (n = 224; boys-119, girls-105) while other formed the placebo group (n = 220; boys-107; girls-113). Children from the experimental group received six crude palm oil fortified cookies providing 2152 μg of β-carotene while the placebo group received similar but non-fortified cookies each day for 50 school days. Anthropometry, vitamin A, and hematological status were assessed at baseline and post supplementation. Results: Post supplementation, the number of stunted subjects reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in the experimental group. There was a significant increase in plasma retinol (170.9%; mean change: 1.55 ± 1.30 μmol/L - experimental group vs. 0.45 ± 0.99 μmol/L - placebo group) and β-carotene (p < 0.01; median change from 0.55 to 0.76 μmol/L - experimental group vs. 0.59 to 0.55 μmol/L -placebo group) concentrations of the experimental group. The increase in hematological parameters (mean change in Hemoglobin: 1.64 g/dL in experimental group vs. 2.10 g/dL in placebo group) of both the groups were however, comparable. Conclusion: To address micronutrient deficiencies particularly in developing nations, the use of crude palm oil should be encouraged through supplementary feeding programs by way of ready-to-eat snacks.

Mikroenkapsulasi Β-Karoten dari Minyak Sawit Mentah untuk Suplemen Pro Vitamin A

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Suroto Hadi Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Β Carotene

Crude palm oil (cpo) have a yellow-orange color which is a carotenoid compound. The dominant compounds can found in carotenoids is β-carotene, α-caroten, γ-caroten and lycopene. β-carotene is found in carotenoids can be separated by insulation. β-carotene is easyly oxisidation, to fry these problems coating method can be use.  The purpose of this study is to obtain the best mix of material coating composition of maltodextrin and sodium caseinate.  Research methods used include extraction, fractination, coating and spray drying. The design of experiment of this research is a completely randomized design with a significance level 5%, if there  a real effect then continue with duncant multiple range test (DMRT) using SPSS version 16 software significance level 5%. The results showed that the best composition of the mixture obtained 50 ml of β-carotene: 80 grams of maltodextrin: 40 grams of sodium caseinate with beta-carotene content of 1,500 ppm, water content 3.35%, and  497.275 µm diameter for the composition of a mixture of 50 ml of β-carotene:160 grams of maltodextrin:120 grams of sodium caseinate. ABSTRAKMinyak sawit mentah (crude palm oil) memiliki warna kuning–oranye yang merupakan senyawa karotenoid. Senyawa yang dominan terdapat dalam karotenoid antara lain β-karoten, α-karoten, γ-karoten dan likopen. β-karoten yang terdapat dalam karotenoid dapat dipisahkan dengan cara isolasi. β-karoten  mudah mengalami oksidasi, untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan cara penyalutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh komposisi campuran terbaik bahan penyalut maltodekstrin dan natrium kaseinat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan antara lain ekstraksi, fraksinasi, penyalutan dan spray drying. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan taraf nyata 5%, bila terdapat pengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji duncant multiple range tes (DMRT) SPSS versi 16 taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi campuran terbaik diperoleh 50 ml β-karoten : 80 gram maltodekstrin : 40 gram natrium kaseinat dengan kandungan β-karoten sebesar 1.500 ppm, kadar air 3,35%, dan diamater 497,275 µm untuk komposisi campuran 50 ml β-karoten : 160 gram maltodekstrin : 120 gram natrium kaseinat. Kata kunci : mikroenkapsulasi, minyak sawit mentah, suplement vitamin A.  

scholarly journals ANALISA KANDUNGAN BETA KAROTEN PADA CPO (CRUDE PALM OIL) DI PUSAT PENELITIAN KELAPA SAWIT (PPKS) MEDAN MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Irwan Saputra Harahap ◽  
Puji Wahyuningsih ◽  
Yulida Amri
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Crude Palm Oil

Beta Karoten merupakan provitamin A yang dapat diubah didalam tubuh menjadi vitamin A setelah mengalami proses metabolisme. Beta karoten merupakan salah satu parameter yang menentukan kualitas CPO dalam perdagangan internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan beta karoten pada sampel CPO (Crude Palm Oil) menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Metode yang digunakan dalam  analisis beta karoten adalah metode standar MPOB (Malaysian Palm Oil Board). Hasil analisis menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa kandungan beta karoten dari masing-masing sampel berturut-turut adalah sebagai berikut: Sampel A(330,00 ppm), Sampel B (346,26 ppm), Sampel C(358,70 ppm), Sampel D(549,05 ppm), dan Sampel E (533,75 ppm). Berdasarkan hasil analisis UV Vis terhadap sampel dapat disimpulkan bahwa sampel D memiliki kandungan beta karoten yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan sampel CPO lainnya.

Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
C.D. Humphrey ◽  
T.L. Cromeans ◽  
E.H. Cook ◽  
D.W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN IN ACOUSTOPLASMA DISCHARGE IN A LIQUID-PHASE STREAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bulychev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Phase Medium

In this paper, the plasma discharge in a high-pressure fluid stream in order to produce gaseous hydrogen was studied. Methods and equipment have been developed for the excitation of a plasma discharge in a stream of liquid medium. The fluid flow under excessive pressure is directed to a hydrodynamic emitter located at the reactor inlet where a supersonic two-phase vapor-liquid flow under reduced pressure is formed in the liquid due to the pressure drop and decrease in the flow enthalpy. Electrodes are located in the reactor where an electric field is created using an external power source (the strength of the field exceeds the breakdown threshold of this two-phase medium) leading to theinitiation of a low-temperature glow quasi-stationary plasma discharge.A theoretical estimation of the parameters of this type of discharge has been carried out. It is shown that the lowtemperature plasma initiated under the flow conditions of a liquid-phase medium in the discharge gap between the electrodes can effectively decompose the hydrogen-containing molecules of organic compounds in a liquid with the formation of gaseous products where the content of hydrogen is more than 90%. In the process simulation, theoretical calculations of the voltage and discharge current were also made which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reaction unit used in the experiments was of a volume of 50 ml and reaction capacity appeared to be about 1.5 liters of hydrogen per minute when using a mixture of oxygen-containing organic compounds as a raw material. During their decomposition in plasma, solid-phase products are also formed in insignificant amounts: carbon nanoparticles and oxide nanoparticles of discharge electrode materials.

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