Evaluation of antimalarial and antioxidant activities of the methanol seed extract of Adenanthera pavonina (Linn) in Plasmodium berghei infected mice

Objectives: Malaria and oxidative stress are major health problems in the world in general. The goal of the study is to investigate the antimalarial and antioxidant activities of the methanol seed extract of Adenanthera pavonina linn (ADP) in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Methods: Thirty five mice distributed into seven groups of five animals each were used in this study. Plasmodium berghei, was inoculated into Swiss albino mice intraperitoneally with an innoculum size of 1x107 on day zero (D0). The vehicle (1% DMSO), ADP (100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg dose) or chloroquine (10 mg/kg) were thereafter administered from D0 – D3. At the end of the antimalarial studies, the blood samples from these animals were collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical assay. The effect of the ADP on the biomakers of oxidative stress was determined in infected mice. In addition in vitro antioxidant activities of ADP were assessed using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) based assay. Results: The percentage parasitemia decreased significantly in the parasitized treated group with the crude extract (p < 0.001) compared to the parasitized untreated control group. Also the crude extract, at a dose of 800 mg/kg exerted an antimalarial activity (92.11%) higher than that of chloroquine (88.73%). In the in vitro antioxidant studies, the extract had an IC50> 400 μg/ml which was significantly higher than the standard antioxidant drug, ascorbic acid (IC50 = 1.20 μg/ml). In the case of biochemical and in vivo assay, there was no statistical significant difference (p >0.05) in plasma total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in all the treated groups compared to the parasite control group but, there was a statistical significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glutathione (GSH) levels at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg compared to the parasitized untreated control group. Conclusions: Methanol seed extract of Adenanthera pavonina demonstrated a significant antimalarial activity but did not exert any antioxidant effect over the parasitized treated mice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9107 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 44-51

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Antimalarial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract and Fraction of Bidens pilosa against Plasmodium berghei (ANKA)

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2020/8832724 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ◽

Yamssi Cédric ◽

Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul ◽

Ngongang Ouankou Christian ◽

Mounvera Abdel Azizi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Bidens Pilosa

Background. Malaria is one of the most critical diseases causing about 219 million cases worldwide in developing countries. The spread and development of resistance against chemical antimalarial drugs is one of the major problems associated with malaria control. The present study was to investigate the antimalarial efficacy of ethyl acetate extract and one fraction of Bidens pilosa in vivo in order to support the usage of this plant by traditional healers to treat malaria. Methods. The extracts were prepared by maceration of B. pilosa leaf powder in ethyl acetate. The liquid filtrate of the extract and the best in vitro antiplasmodial fraction using HPLC were concentrated and evaporated using a rotavapor under vacuum to dryness. The antimalarial activity of B. pilosa plant products were evaluated in vivo against Plasmodium berghei infected mice according to the Peter and Rane test. The antimalarial efficacy of the a selected crude extract (ethyl acetate extract) was evaluated at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, while a selected fraction from ethyl acetate extract (fraction 12) was evaluated at 62.5 and 125 mg/kg. Blood from experimental animals was collected to assess hematological parameters. Results. The crude extract of ethyl acetate and fraction 12 demonstrated 100% in vivo parasite suppressive activity at doses of 500 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg, respectively, for the crude extract and fraction 12. The mice treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg had their parasitemia (intraerythrocytic phase of P. Berghei) drop considerably, disappearing by the 8th day in mice receiving 500 mg/kg. The ethyl acetate extract of B. pilosa, fraction 12 showed an even higher antiplasmodial activity. By the 5th day of the experiment, the treatment led to a modification of hematological parameters in mice. The chloroquine (5 mg/kg), fraction 12 (125 mg/kg), and the crude extract (500 mg/kg) groups all survived the 30 days of the experiment, while the negative control group registered 100% of the deaths. Conclusion. This study scientifically supports the use of Bidens pilosa leaves in the traditional treatment of malaria. However, the mode of action and in vivo toxicity of the plant still need to be assessed.

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Protective Effect of Decursin Extracted fromAngelica gigasin Male Infertility via Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2016/5901098 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Woong Jin Bae ◽

U. Syn Ha ◽

Jin Bong Choi ◽

Kang Sup Kim ◽

Su Jin Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Control Group ◽

Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽

Related Factor ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Testicular Weight ◽

Unilateral Cryptorchidism

Higher testicular temperature results in altered spermatogenesis due to heat-related oxidative stress. We examined the effects of decursin extracted fromAngelica gigasNakai on antioxidant activityin vitroand in a cryptorchidism-induced infertility rat model. TM3 Leydig cell viability was measured based on oxidative stress according to treatment. Either distilled water or AG 400 mg/kg ofA. gigasextract was administered orally for 4 weeks after unilateral cryptorchidism was induced. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks, six rats from the control group and six rats from treatment group were sacrificed. Testicular weight, semen quality, antioxidant activities, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein, and mRNA expression of Nrf2-regulated genes were analyzed. Treatment withA. gigasextract (1) protected TM3 cells against oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, (2) improved the mean weight of the cryptorchid testis, (3) maintained sperm counts, motility, and spermatogenic cell density, (4) decreased levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), (5) significantly increased Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and (6) significantly decreased apoptosis. This study suggests that decursin extracted fromA. gigasis a supplemental agent that can reduce oxidative stress by Nrf2-mediated upregulation of HO-1 in rat experimentally induced unilateral cryptorchidism and may improve cryptorchidism-induced infertility.

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Antimalarial Activity of Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Bersama abyssinica Fresen. (Melianthaceae) against Plasmodium berghei Infection in Swiss Albino Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/9467359 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agumas Alemu Alehegn ◽

Jibril Seid Yesuf ◽

Eshetie Melese Birru

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Survival Time ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Bersama Abyssinica

Background. Treatment of malaria has been compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant parasites. Consequently, novel agents are urgently needed from different sources including from medicinal plants. Thus, the current study aimed at evaluating the antimalarial activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Bersama abyssinica (B. abyssinica) against Plasmodium berghei infection in Swiss Albino mice. Method. A 4-day suppressive test was employed to evaluate the antimalarial effect of crude extract and solvent fractions against early infection. The curative and prophylactic effects of crude extract and fraction with the highest chemosuppression were further tested by Rane’s test and residual infection procedure. Parasitemia, survival time, packed cell volume (PCV), body weight, and rectal temperature of mice were used as evaluation parameters. Windows SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data and analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to compare data between groups. Results. The crude extract and aqueous fraction significantly (P<0.05 to 0.001) suppressed parasitemia followed by protection of PCV reduction resulting in prolonging the survival time but failed to protect body weight and rectal temperature reduction in all tested models. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions also showed significant chemosuppression and PCV protection in the 4-day suppressive test. The crude extract exhibited a chemosuppression of 49.51%, 57.94%, and 44.11% while the aqueous fraction showed suppression of 47.69%, 51.62%, and 37.07% in 4-day suppressive, curative, and prophylactic tests, respectively, at 400 mg/kg. Conclusion. The crude extract and fractions showed fairly moderate antimalarial activity, and the finding supports the traditional claims and previous in vitro studies. Thus, this may call for further studies to isolate chemical entities for additional safety and efficacy tests.

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Evaluation of Antimalarial Activity of Methanolic Root Extract of Myrica salicifolia A Rich (Myricaceae) Against Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice

Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2515690x20920539 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 2515690X2092053 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zemene Demelash Kifle ◽

Getnet Mequanint Adinew ◽

Mestayet Geta Mengistie ◽

Abyot Endale Gurmu ◽

Engidaw Fentahun Enyew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Root Extract ◽

Honestly Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Background. The management and control of malaria has become gradually challenging due to the spread of drug-resistant parasites, lack of effective vaccine, and the resistance of vector to insecticides. Consequently, novel agents are urgently needed from different sources including from medicinal plants. In Ethiopia and Uganda, Myrica salicifolia root is traditionally claimed for the treatment of malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antimalarial activity of root crude extract of M salicifolia. Methods. The parasite, Plasmodium berghei was used in this study since it is an appropriate parasite that is most commonly used because of its higher accessibility. A 4-day suppressive test was employed to evaluate the antimalarial effect of crude extract against early infection. The curative and prophylactic effect of the crude extract was further tested by Rane’s test and residual infection procedure. Parasitemia, survival time, packed cell volume, body weight, and rectal temperature of mice were used as evaluation parameters. Windows SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data and analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference to compare results between groups. Results. The root crude extract of M salicifolia significantly ( P < .05-.0001) suppressed parasitemia. The crude extract exhibited a chemosuppression of 40.90. Conclusion. The development of new antimalarial agents and the finding supports the traditional claims and previous in vitro studies.

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Antimalarial Activity of Hydromethanolic Crude Extract and Chloroform Fraction of Brucea antidysenterica Leaves in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/2089114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Tezera Jemere Aragaw ◽

Kefyalew Ayalew Getahun

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Negative Control ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Curative Effect ◽

Antimalarial Agents ◽

Different Doses

Background. Different parts of Brucea antidysenterica are used in traditional and alternative medicine in Ethiopia for the treatment of different health problems including malaria and have good in vitro antimalarial activity. However, no in vivo study was conducted to substantiate the claim. Our study planned to determine the antimalarial effect of B. antidysenterica extract. Methods. Swiss albino mice (6–8 weeks old, 20–28 g) were inoculated with Plasmodium berghei. Different doses of both hydromethanolic extract and chloroform fraction were orally given at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day. Results. The parasitemia suppression percent of hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction in chemosuppressive tests ranged between 33.48 and 75.93% and 38.32 and 76.64%, respectively. The hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction exhibited the curative effect of 46.75–70.91% and 50.30–80.06% parasitemia suppression, respectively ( p < 0.001), compared with negative control. Conclusion. From our study, it is concluded that the hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction of B. antidysenterica leaves showed promising antiplasmodial effects against Plasmodium berghei. This upholds the folkloric use of B. antidysenterica leaves and the thought of as a possible source to develop new antimalarial agents.

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Antimalarial Activities of Hydromethanolic Crude Extract and Chloroform Fraction of Gardenia ternifolia Leaves in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/6674002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Tezera Jemere Aragaw ◽

Dessie Tegegne Afework ◽

Kefyalew Ayalew Getahun

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Negative Control ◽

Malaria Treatment ◽

Species Variation ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Post Hoc

Background. Gardenia ternifolia is utilized in traditional medicine of Ethiopia for malaria treatment and possessing in vitro antimalarial activity. However, no in vivo study was conducted to substantiate the claim. The aim of this study was to judge the antimalarial activity of Gardenia ternifolia extract in vivo in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Methods. Plasmodium berghei was inoculated to healthy mice, and hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction of G. ternifolia leaves at 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day were administered. Percent parasitemia inhibition, percent change in bodyweight, hemoglobin level, and mean survival time were determined. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey HSD test with IBM SPSS software version 20.0 statistical package and P < 0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results. The chemosuppressive test of hydromethanolic crude extract at 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day ranged from 27.09% to 67.72%, and chloroform fraction had 35.21%–78.19% parasitemia suppression, respectively. For curative test on day 5, hydromethanolic crude extract at 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day ranged from 25.58% to 48.76%, chloroform fraction at 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day and chloroquine base at 10 mg/kg showed 46.36%–74.42% and 92.87% percent parasitemia inhibition, respectively, and also the results to both tests were highly significant ( P < 0.001 ) compared to the negative control. Maximum effects on chemosuppressive, curative, prevention of weight loss, and reduction in hemoglobin were observed at higher doses of the hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction. Conclusion. From this study, hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction of G. ternifolia leaves have shown promising antimalarial activity. The findings support the traditional claim of G. ternifolia leaves for malaria treatment; however, species variation could also limit such a straightforward extrapolation of the findings of this study in humans.

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Evaluation of antioxidant potential and anti-diabetic effect of ethanol seed extract of Garcinia kola (Bitter Kola) in albino rat

Journal of Medicinal Herbs and Ethnomedicine ◽

10.25081/jmhe.2020.v6.6091 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 56-60

Author(s):

O.D. Omodamiro ◽

O. Ajah ◽

C. Ewa-ibe

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Albino Rat ◽

Garcinia Kola

The medicinal properties of plants have been investigated in the recent scientific world because of their potent antioxidant activities, mild side effects and economic viability. This study evaluated the antioxidant property and antidiabetic effect of ethanol seed extract of G. kola (bitter kola) on alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. The in-vitro antioxidant assay was done using standard methods. Thirty (36) albino rats were used for the in-vivo study and fasted for 16-18hours and thereafter induced diabetes with 150mg/ kg b.w. of alloxan monohydrate via intraperitoneal injection. The animals were divided into six groups of six (6) rats each. Group A was the normal control, group B was the positive control (treated with 5mg/kg b.w of glabeclamide), Group C was the negative control (untreated) and groups D through F were administered 500mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 125mg/kg of the extract respectively. The results showed 49.70% reduction in blood glucose level of the 500mg/kg extract treated group compared to the positive control (45.03 %) on the day 7. The antioxidant results showed a significant (p<0.05) dose dependent increase in its ability to scavenge free radicals. The results of this study suggested the use of G. kola seed for the treatment of free radical mediated diseases and management of diabetes.

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Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Hemostasis by Flavonoids from Lentil Aerial Parts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020497 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

Jerzy Żuchowski ◽

Agata Rolnik ◽

Weronika Adach ◽

Anna Stochmal ◽

Beata Olas

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Human Plasma ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Lens Culinaris ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Phenolic Fraction ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Scientific Attention

While specific metabolites of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) seeds and their biological activity have been well described, other organs of this plant have attracted little scientific attention. In recent years, green parts of lentils have been shown to contain diverse acylated flavonoids. This work presents the results of the research on the effect of the crude extract, the phenolic fraction, and seven flavonoids obtained from aerial parts of lentils on oxidative damage induced by H2O2/Fe to lipid and protein constituents of human plasma. Another goal was to determine their effect on hemostasis parameters of human plasma in vitro. Most of the purified lentil flavonoids had antioxidant and anticoagulant properties. The crude extract and the phenolic fraction of lentil aerial parts showed antioxidant activity, only at the highest tested concentration (50 μg/mL). Our results indicate that aerial parts of lentils may be recommended as a source of bioactive substances.

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Antimalarial Effect of the Total Glycosides of the Medicinal Plant, Ranunculus japonicus

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 532

Author(s):

Hae-Soo Yun ◽

Sylvatrie-Danne Dinzouna-Boutamba ◽

Sanghyun Lee ◽

Zin Moon ◽

Dongmi Kwak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

The Republic

In traditional Chinese medicine, Ranunculus japonicus has been used to treat various diseases, including malaria, and the young stem of R. japonicus is consumed as a food in the Republic of Korea. However, experimental evidence of the antimalarial effect of R. japonicus has not been evaluated. Therefore, the antimalarial activity of the extract of the young stem of R. japonicus was evaluated in vitro using both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) strains; in vivo activity was evaluated in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice via oral administration followed by a four-day suppressive test focused on biochemical and hematological parameters. Exposure to extracts of R. japonicus resulted in significant inhibition of both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum, with IC50 values of 6.29 ± 2.78 and 5.36 ± 4.93 μg/mL, respectively. Administration of R. japonicus also resulted in potent antimalarial activity against P. berghei in infected mice with no associated toxicity; treatment also resulted in improved hepatic, renal, and hematologic parameters. These results demonstrate the antimalarial effects of R. japonicus both in vitro and in vivo with no apparent toxicity.

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Aqueous extracts of avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) leaves and seeds exhibit anti-cholinesterases and antioxidant activities in vitro

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0049 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ganiyu Oboh ◽

Veronica O. Odubanjo ◽

Fatai Bello ◽

Ayokunle O. Ademosun ◽

Sunday I. Oyeleye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Natural Treatment

AbstractAvocado pear (The inhibitory effects of extracts on AChE and BChE activities and antioxidant potentials (inhibition of FeThe extracts inhibited AChE and BChE activities and prooxidant-induced TBARS production in a dose-dependent manner, with the seed extract having the highest inhibitory effect and the leaf extract exhibiting higher phenolic content and radical scavenging abilities, but lower Fe chelation ability compared with that of the seed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids in both extracts, whereas the total alkaloid profile was higher in the seed extract than in the leaf extract, as revealed by GC-FID.The anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant activities of avocado leaf and seed could be linked to their phytoconstituents and might be the possible mechanisms underlying their use as a cheap and natural treatment/management of AD. However, these extracts should be further investigated in vivo.

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