Comparing the Short and Long-Term Effects of Acute Moderate-Intensity Exercise on Mnemonic Similarity and Emotional Memory Tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-61
Author(s):  
Cesar Acevedo-Triana ◽  
Diana Cordoba-Patiño ◽  
Juan Francisco Muñoz ◽  
Julian Cifuentes ◽  
Victor Melgarejo Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Condition

Mounting research has linked acute moderate-intensity exercise with changes indiscrimination of similar events – i.e., mnemonic memory. Conversely, few studies have compared performance in tasks associated to each type of memory(mnemonic similarity and emotional) and less have evaluatedperformance several days after exercise sessions. Thirty-five undergraduate students were randomly distributed in three groups that differed in the assigned duration of the moderate-intensity exercise session.Weestablished first the moderate-intensityexercise program by calculating the VO2max 50%. Two-to-five days later, participantsengaged in the exercise condition to which they were assigned, followed by a five-minute rest period. Immediately after, all participantswere exposed to the training phase of both memory tasks. The first retrieval phase was tested 45 minutes afterencoding phase was completed. Subsequent retrieval phases were conducted 24, 48, and 168 hours post-training. Exercise of long duration in creased discrimination performance in images of low similarity. Comparison of the effects of exercise on discrimination of the three types of images that the emotional-memory task entailsshowed improved performance only for aversive and neutral images. Exercise improves discrimination of low similarity images, with better overall performance after a longer exercise session. This finding adds to previous reports that have found analogous effects using other memory tasks.It also supports the notion that acute effects due to exercise are specifically related to hippocampal functionality and its ability to separate patterns. Finally, maintenance of emotional information across time suggest a different mechanism,independent of pattern-separation processing.

scholarly journals The Effect of Single Bout of Acute Exercise on Working Memory Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-487
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Deo ◽  
Kopila Agrawal ◽  
Prem Bhattrai ◽  
Raju Kumar Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Back Task

Introduction: Working memory is a kind of short term memory important for reasoning and guiding decision-making and behavioral process.Objective: The goal of the present research was to study the outcome of single bout of acute moderate-intensity exercise on working memory.Methodology: Twenty two male subjects were asked to perform working memory task by 2n back task in baseline resting, immediately after exercise and after five minute of exercise session. 3 minute step test procedure was used as a moderate intensity exercise intervention.Results: The percentage correctness of 2n back task of working memory was found to be 64.36% for baseline resting condition, 78.01 % for immediately after 3-minute step test and 80.70% for 5 minute after the exercise. In both exercise session (i.e. immediately after exercise and after 5 minute of exercise), significant improvement (p value <0.05) in working memory was seen as compared to the baseline resting session while no such significant beneficial improvement was seen when compared between immediately after exercise and after 5 minute of exercise.Conclusion: Improvement in working memory after moderate exercise intervention was seen, which is important for learning and memory and decision-making.  BJHS 2018;3(2)6:484-487.

scholarly journals The Experimental Effects of Acute Exercise on Long-Term Emotional Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna Wade ◽  
Paul Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Randomized Controlled Experiment ◽  
Memory Recognition

Emerging work suggests that acute, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may help to subserve episodic memory of neutral stimuli. Less investigated, however, is whether acute exercise is associated with enhanced memory recognition of emotional stimuli, which was the purpose of this experiment. A parallel-group randomized controlled experiment was employed. Participants (mean age = 20 yr) were randomized into an exercise (n = 17) or control group (n = 17). The exercise group engaged in a 15-min bout of moderate-intensity treadmill walking. Emotional memory recognition was assessed via images from the International Affective Picture System, including assessments of varying degrees of valence and arousal. Memory recognition was assessed at 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days post-memory encoding. We observed a significant main effect for time (F(2) = 104.2, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.77) and a significant main effect for valence–arousal classification (F(4) = 21.39, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.40), but there was no significant time by group interaction (F(2) = 1.09, p = 0.34, η2p = 0.03), classification by group interaction (F(4) = 0.12, p = 0.97, η2p = 0.01), time by classification interaction (F(8) = 1.78, p = 0.08, η2p = 0.05), or time by classification by group interaction (F(8) = 0.78, p = 0.62, η2p = 0.02). In conclusion, emotional memory recognition decreased over the 14-day follow-up period and this rate of memory decay was not altered by acute moderate-intensity exercise engagement. We discuss these findings in the context of exercise intensity and the temporal effects of exercise.

Measurement of gluconeogenesis in exercising men by mass isotopomer distribution analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff K. Trimmer ◽  
Jean-Marc Schwarz ◽  
Gretchen A. Casazza ◽  
Michael A. Horning ◽  
Nestor Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rest Period ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Isotopomer Distribution ◽  
Mass Isotopomer Distribution Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mass Isotopomer

We evaluated the hypothesis that coordinated adjustments in absolute rates of gluconeogenesis (GNGab) and hepatic glycogenolysis (Gly) would maintain euglycemia and match glucose production (GP) to peripheral utilization during rest and exercise. Specifically, we evaluated the extent to which gradations in exercise power output would affect the contribution of GNGab to GP. For these purposes, we employed mass isotopomer distribution analysis (MIDA) and isotope-dilution techniques on eight postabsorptive (PA) endurance-trained men during 90 min of leg cycle ergometry at 45 and 65% peak O2 consumption (V˙o 2 peak; moderate and hard intensities, respectively) and the preceding rest period. GP was constant in resting subjects, whereas the fraction from GNG (fGNG) increased over time during rest (22.3 ± 0.9% at 11.25 h PA vs. 25.6 ± 0.9% at 12.0 h PA, P < 0.05). In the transition from rest to exercise, GP increased in an intensity-dependent manner (rest, 2.0 ± 0.1; 45%, 4.0 ± 0.4; 65%, 5.84 ± 0.64 mg · kg−1 · min−1, P < 0.05), although glucose rate of disappearance exceeded rate of appearance during the last 30 min of exercise at 65%V˙o 2 peak. Compared with rest, increases in GP were sustained by 92 and 135% increments in GNGab during moderate- and hard-intensity exercises, respectively. Correspondingly, Gly (calculated as the difference between GP and MIDA-measured GNGab) increased 100 and 203% over rest during the two exercise intensities. During moderate-intensity exercise, fGNG was the same as at rest; however, during the harder exercise fGNG decreased significantly to account for only 21% of GP. The highest sustained GNGab observed in these trials on PA men was 1.24 ± 0.3 mg · kg−1 · min−1. We conclude that, after an overnight fast, 1) absolute GNG rates increased with intensity of effort despite a reduced fGNG at 65% V˙o 2 peak, 2) during exercise Gly is more responsible than GNGab for maintaining GP, and 3) in 12-h fasted men, neither increased Gly or GNGab nor was their combination able to maintain euglycemia during prolonged hard (65%V˙o 2 peak) exercise.

scholarly journals The acute effects of resistance training on fatigue in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Grongstad ◽  
Nina Køpke Vøllestad ◽  
Line Merethe Oldervoll ◽  
Martijn A Spruit ◽  
Anne Edvardsen
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction ◽  
Fatigue Development ◽  
Acute Increase

Abstract Introduction: Sarcoidosis-related fatigue and skeletal muscle dysfunction are frequent symptoms in patients with sarcoidosis. Despite lacking knowledge whether high-intensity resistance training (RT) will worsen fatigue, low to moderate intensity is commonly recommended. This study aimed to investigate whether a single session of high-intensity RT will induce a larger acute increase in fatigue than a single RT session of moderate-intensity. Methods: In this crossover study, 41 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (age: 53 ± 11 yr) were recruited. They randomly performed one session of high-intensity, 4 sets x 5 repetitions maximum (5RM), and one session of moderate-intensity, 2 sets x 25 RM. Fatigue was assessed with the Visual Analogue Scale (0-100 mm) before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 24 hours after (T2) each exercise session. Results: Fatigue development from T0 to T1 was significantly lower after 5RM (– 3 ± 18 mm) than after 25RM (5 ± 15 mm), p = 0.004. No difference was seen from T0 to T2 between 5RM (0 ± 17 mm) and 25RM (6 ± 18 mm), p = 0.147. Conclusion: Since the 5RM session did not induce a larger increase in fatigue than the 25RM session, a single session of RT thus appears feasible and safe in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis irrespective of the RT intensity. The long-term effects of high-intensity RT on fatigue should be explored in a RT program of longer duration.

scholarly journals What Doesn't Kill you Makes you Fitter: A Systematic Review of High-Intensity Interval Exercise for Patients with Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CMC.S26230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar Levinger ◽  
Christopher S. Shaw ◽  
Nigel K. Stepto ◽  
Samantha Cassar ◽  
Andrew J. McAinch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
High Intensity Interval

High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has gained popularity in recent years for patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Despite potential benefits, concerns remain about the safety of the acute response (during and/or within 24 hours postexercise) to a single session of HIIE for these cohorts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to evaluate the safety of acute HIIE for people with cardiometabolic diseases. Electronic databases were searched for studies published prior to January 2015, which reported the acute responses of patients with cardiometabolic diseases to HIIE (≥80% peak power output or ≥85% peak aerobic power, VO2peak). Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 156; clinically stable, aged 27-66 years), with 13 adverse responses reported (~8% of individuals). The rate of adverse responses is somewhat higher compared to the previously reported risk during moderate-intensity exercise. Caution must be taken when prescribing HIIE to patients with cardiometabolic disease. Patients who wish to perform HIIE should be clinically stable, have had recent exposure to at least regular moderate-intensity exercise, and have appropriate supervision and monitoring during and after the exercise session.

scholarly journals Exercise and Retrieval-Induced Forgetting

Psych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Justin Cantrelle ◽  
Paul Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Induced Forgetting ◽  
Experimental Group

Retrieving a subset of items from memory can cause forgetting of other related items in memory, referred to as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). This type of forgetting (RIF) is thought to be related to working memory and executive control processes, of which are known to be influenced by acute exercise. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether acute exercise could accentuate RIF. A two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled intervention was employed. Participants (N = 40) were randomized into one of two groups, including an experimental group (15-min of moderate-intensity exercise) and a control group (time-matched seated task). Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) and retrieval practice (RP) were assessed from a category-exemplar memory task. There was no significant main effect for RIF and no group by RIF interaction, suggesting that acute exercise did not alter RIF more than the control group. There was a significant main effect for RP, but there was no group by RP interaction. These RP findings align with the RIF findings, indicating that acute exercise did not alter RP more so than the control group. In conclusion, our experimental results do not provide support for an association of acute exercise on retrieval-induced forgetting or retrieval practice.

scholarly journals Great Expectations: A Qualitative Analysis of the Factors That Influence Affective Forecasts for Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Calder ◽  
Elaine A. Hargreaves ◽  
Ken Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Exercise Participation ◽  
Exercise Environment

The extent to which people expect to feel pleasure during exercise is proposed to influence an individual’s decision to be active. In order to identify the factors that shape this affective forecast for exercise, this study explored what people think about when creating their affective forecast for exercise. Thirty-one inactive participants provided an affective forecast for a moderate intensity exercise session using the global affective forecast questionnaire. Immediately after, they were asked a series of questions to verbally explain what they were thinking about in order to generate their forecast. Thematic analysis identified four themes relating to the exercise intensity, the exercise outcomes, the exercise environment, and the enjoyment of exercise that influenced affective forecast creation. Exercise practitioners should design strategies to manipulate these factors, and structure exercise environments to support a positive affective forecast and better motivate exercise participation.

scholarly journals Metabolic and Molecular Subacute Effects of a Single Moderate-Intensity Exercise Bout, Performed in the Fasted State, in Obese Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7543
Author(s):  
Éverton Lopes Vogt ◽  
Maiza Cristina Von Dentz ◽  
Débora Santos Rocha ◽  
Jorge Felipe Argenta Model ◽  
Lucas Stahlhöfer Kowalewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Obese Male

Introduction and objectives: Obesity represents a major global public health problem. Its etiology is multifactorial and includes poor dietary habits, such as hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diets (HFDs), physical inactivity, and genetic factors. Regular exercise is, per se, a tool for the treatment and prevention of obesity, and recent studies suggest that the beneficial effects of exercise can be potentiated by the fasting state, thus potentially promoting additional effects. Despite the significant number of studies showing results that corroborate such hypothesis, very few have evaluated the effects of fasted-state exercise in overweight/obese populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the subacute effects (12 h after conclusion) of a single moderate-intensity exercise bout, performed in either a fed or an 8 h fasted state, on serum profile, substrate-content and heat shock pathway–related muscle protein immunocontent in obese male rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats received a modified high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce obesity and insulin resistance. The animals were allocated to four groups: fed rest (FER), fed exercise (FEE), fasted rest (FAR) and fasted exercise (FAE). The exercise protocol was a 30 min session on a treadmill, with an intensity of 60% of VO2max. The duration of the fasting period was 8 h prior to the exercise session. After a 12 h recovery, the animals were killed and metabolic parameters of blood, liver, heart, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were evaluated, as well as SIRT1 and HSP70 immunocontent in the muscles. Results: HFD induced obesity and insulin resistance. Soleus glycogen concentration decreased in the fasted groups and hepatic glycogen decreased in the fed exercise group. The combination of exercise and fasting promoted a decreased concentration of serum total cholesterol and triglycerides. In the heart, combination fasting plus exercise was able to decrease triglycerides to control levels. In the soleus muscle, both fasting and fasting plus exercise were able to decrease triglyceride concentrations. In addition, heat shock protein 70 and sirtuin 1 immunocontent increased after exercise in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Conclusions: An acute bout of moderate intensity aerobic exercise, when realized in fasting, may induce, in obese rats with metabolic dysfunctions, beneficial adaptations to their health, such as better biochemical and molecular adaptations that last for at least 12 h. Considering the fact that overweight/obese populations present an increased risk of cardiovascular events/diseases, significant reductions in such plasma markers of lipid metabolism are an important achievement for these populations.

scholarly journals Exercise training modalities in chronic heart failure: does high intensity aerobic interval training make the difference?

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Giallauria ◽  
Neil Andrew Smart ◽  
Antonio Cittadini ◽  
Carlo Vigorito
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Training Modalities ◽  
The Impact

Exercise training (ET) is strongly recommended in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Moderate-intensity aerobic continuous ET is the best established training modality in CHF patients. In the last decade, however, high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT) has aroused considerable interest in cardiac rehabilitation community. Basically, HIIT consists of repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise alternated with recovery periods. In CHF patients, HIIT exerts larger improvements in exercise capacity compared to moderate-continuous ET. These results are intriguing, mostly considering that better functional capacity translates into an improvement of symptoms and quality of life. Notably, HIIT did not reveal major safety issues; although CHF patients should be clinically stable, have had recent exposure to at least regular moderate-intensity exercise, and appropriate supervision and monitoring during and after the exercise session are mandatory. The impact of HIIT on cardiac dimensions and function and on endothelial function remains uncertain. HIIT should not replace other training modalities in heart failure but should rather complement them. Combining and tailoring different ET modalities according to each patient’s baseline clinical characteristics (i.e. exercise capacity, personal needs, preferences and goals) seem the most astute approach to exercise prescription.

scholarly journals The Effects of High- Versus Moderate-Intensity Exercise on Fatigue in Sarcoidosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Grongstad ◽  
Nina Vøllestad ◽  
Line Oldervoll ◽  
Martijn Spruit ◽  
Anne Edvardsen
Keyword(s):  
Interval Training ◽  
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Background: Fatigue is a common symptom in patients with sarcoidosis. Despite lacking evidence on whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) will aggravate fatigue, moderate-intensity exercise is often recommended. This study aimed to investigate whether a single session of HIIT would affect fatigue differently from a single session of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Methods: Forty-one patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis were recruited to a cross-over study. All patients completed one treadmill session of HIIT (85% of peak heart rate (HRpeak)) and one of MICT (70% of HRpeak). Fatigue was assessed with the Visual Analogue Scale 0–100 mm, before (T0), after (T1), and 24 hours after (T2) each exercise session. Paired sample t-test was used to compare changes in fatigue from T0 to T1 and from T0 to T2 between HIIT and MICT. Results: No statistically significant difference in fatigue levels was found between HIIT and MICT, either at T1 (3.6 (13.5) and 1.4 (13.5)) or at T2 (8.2 (17.0) and 2.1 (17.1)). Conclusions: A single session of HIIT did not affect fatigue differently than a single session of MICT. These preliminary findings support the need for further research on the long-term effect of HIIT on fatigue in patients with sarcoidosis.

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