scholarly journals Incidence of Multi Drug Resistance and Diversity of TEM-1 Beta Lactamase in Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Natarajan ◽  
R. Subashkumar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sample ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Index Value

Occurrence and incidence of drug resistant bacteria are becoming very high and common with overuse of antibiotics. This study focused on the isolation of drug resistant strains from the clinical and environmental sample that produce extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and identification of TEM-1 genes in the plasmid and genomic DNA. 45 Clinical samples from the hospital and 7 environmental samples from the polluted water sources were collected. Among the collected samples, E. coli showed a higher incidence (36.1 %) followed by Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., and Salmonella sp. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates were investigated against 25 commercially available antibiotics. All the isolated strains showed MAR index value of more than 0.2. Among the 36 isolates, 7 Gram negative isolates (19.4 %) showed positive results for ESBL production in Double disk synergy test. The plasmid and genomic DNA were isolated and analyzed using PCR with specific primers for the presence of the TEM-1 gene (716 bp). A selected PCR products of the TEM-1 gene was sequenced and analyzed using BLAST.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(3): 302-308

scholarly journals Lysophosphatidylcholine Potentiates Antibacterial Activity of Polymyxin B

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitender Yadav ◽  
Sana Ismaeel ◽  
Ayub Qadri
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Membrane ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

ABSTRACT Polymyxin B, used to treat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, produces nephrotoxicity at its current dosage. We show that a combination of nonbactericidal concentration of this drug and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) potently inhibits growth of Salmonella and at least two other Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. This combination makes bacterial membrane porous and causes degradation of DnaK, the regulator of protein folding. Polymyxin B-LPC combination may be an effective and safer regimen against drug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Escherichia Coli Isolate From Hospital Sewage Is Carrying blaNDM-1 and blaoxa-10

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zimeng Hu ◽  
Weiye Chen ◽  
Genglin Guo ◽  
Chen Dong ◽  
Yun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Sewage

Abstract Carbapenems, as the “last line of defense” against gram-negative bacteria, are increasingly being challenged by drug-resistant bacteria, especially in Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, a carbapenems resistant gram-negative bacterium, named AH001, was isolated from hospital sewage, and modified Hoge test confirmed this bacterium can produce carbapenemase. Further analysis revealed that this bacterium is multi-drug resistance, which against additional seven antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing and analysis showed that AH001 could not be classified by existing MLST, and its serotype couldn’t be distinguished among O9, O89 or O168 in O antigen prediction. More attention should be paid to the role of environmental source Escherichia coli in the development and transfer of drug resistance in the hospital environment.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Study of Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects between Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) Oligomer and Polyethylene Glycol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziheng Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Linlin Ma ◽  
Xingxing Yang ◽  
Bin Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

We reported previously that poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) oligomer is an effective antimicrobial agent against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, fungi and multi-drug resistant bacteria. In this work, it was further found that polyethylene glycol (PEG) can promote the antimicrobial effect of PHB oligomer synergistically. Three hypothetic mechanisms were proposed, that is, generation of new antimicrobial components, degradation of PHB macromolecules and dissolution/dispersion of PHB oligomer by PEG. With a series of systematic experiments and characterizations of HPLC-MS, it was deducted that dissolution/dispersion of PHB oligomer dominated the synergistic antimicrobial effect between PHB oligomer and PEG. This work demonstrates a way for promoting antimicrobial effect of PHB oligomer and other antimicrobial agents through improving hydrophilicity.

scholarly journals Rapid profiling of drug-resistant bacteria using DNA-binding dyes and a nanopore-based DNA sequencer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumu Ohno ◽  
Kazuo Umezawa ◽  
Satomi Asai ◽  
Kirill Kryukov ◽  
So Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Propidium Monoazide ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Mixtures

AbstractSpread of drug-resistant bacteria is a serious problem worldwide. We thus designed a new sequence-based protocol that can quickly identify bacterial compositions of clinical samples and their drug-resistance profiles simultaneously. Here we utilized propidium monoazide (PMA) that prohibits DNA amplifications from dead bacteria, and subjected the original and antibiotics-treated samples to 16S rRNA metagenome sequencing. We tested our protocol on bacterial mixtures, and observed that sequencing reads derived from drug-resistant bacteria were significantly increased compared with those from drug-sensitive bacteria when samples were treated by antibiotics. Our protocol is scalable and will be useful for quickly profiling drug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Characterization of CTX-M-15-Klebsiella pneumoniae from inpatients and outpatients of a teaching hospital

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Muzaheed Muzaheed ◽  
Naveed Sattar Shaikh ◽  
Saeed Sattar Shaikh ◽  
Sadananda Acharya ◽  
Shajiya Sarwar Moosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Background  The presence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) positive bacteria in hospital setting is an aggravating influential factor for hospitalized patients, and its consequences may be hazardous. Therefore, there is a need for rapid detection methods for newly emerging drug-resistant bacteria. This study was aimed at the molecular characterization of ESBL-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from clinical samples.   Methods  A total of 513 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from various clinical samples during June 2019 to May 2020. The collected isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility (antibiogram), and PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to analyse the ESBL genes.   Results  Among the 513 isolates, as many as 359 (69.9%) were ESBL producers and 87.5% were multi-drug resistant, while none had resistance to imipenem. PCR scored 3% blaTEM, 3% blaSHV, and 60% blaCTX-M-15 genes for the tested isolates.   Conclusion  The study showed that CTX-M-15 was the major prevalent ESBL type among the isolates. Additionally, all the isolates were susceptible to carbapenems. Screening and detection of ESBL tests are necessary among all isolates from the enterobacteriaceae family in routine microbiology laboratory to prevent associated nosocomial infections. A larger study is essential to understand molecular epidemiology of ESBL producing organisms to minimize morbidities due to these multidrug resistant organisms.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria in Some Selected Street Food Samples

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohamed H. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Antimicrobial resistance is a subject of great concern in the public health. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among food pathogens has increased during recent decades. Studying the incidence and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial species isolated from fish and vended street fruits.   Eleven fish swabs and thirteen sliced fruit samples were collected and prepared for isolation of bacterial species through inoculation onto selective and non-selective nutrient media. The grown colonies were purified through subculturing on nutrient agar plates then identified by morphological and biochemical methods. The obtained pure cultures were then kept on nutrient agar slants. Testing antibiotic resistance of the isolated bacterial strains was studied by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar using ten antibiotics belonging to different classes. The resultant inhibition zone was interpreted according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Twenty-eight bacterial cultures were isolated from the collected food samples. The conventional identification using morphological and biochemical methods of these cultures revealed presence of three Gram positive species; Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp. and Bacillus subtilis in addition to four Gram negative; Escherichia coli, Brucella sp., Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis. The incidence of the obtained bacterial species was arranged as 29.16% for both S. aureus and E. faecalis followed by Brucella sp. 16.66%; B. subtilis & E. coli 12.5% then Streptococcus sp. and P. mirabilis with an incidence of 8.33% each. Testing antibiotic resistance pattern of seven bacterial species against ten antibiotics showed that, among three Gram positive bacterial species, only one (33.33%) strain S. aureus exhibited resistance to six antibiotics; amoxicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, fluconazole and dicloxacillin. Among four Gram negative bacterial strains only one (25.0%) strain Enterococcus faecalis exhibited resistance to eight antibiotics; amoxicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and cloxacillin. Occurrence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in fish and vended street fruits poses not only risk of disease to the foods but public health hazard to food handlers and consumers in general. Also the result of this study recommended augmentin and cephazolin as good choice antibiotics for treatment of infection in the study area. 

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