Evaluation of Wheat Genotypes under Timely and Late Sowing Conditions

A field experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Bhairahawa during winter season of 2019/2020 to find out the performance of wheat genotypes under timely sown (November 29, 2019) and late sown (December 25, 2019) conditions. The research was carried out in two environments (timely sown and late sown) following alpha lattice design with two replications. Each replication consists of five blocks with four plots in each block. The results revealed that all genotypes performance was decreased in late sowing environment. In late sown condition, there was significant difference among genotypes for all the traits under study and under timely sown condition, there was significant difference among genotype for all traits under study except weight of grains per spike and grain yield. The maximum yield was recorded in NL 1179 and Bhirkuti in timely and late sown conditions respectively. It was found that the mean grain yield in timely sown condition is 90.77 % higher than in late sown condition. The maximum grain yield was recorded in NL 1179 across combine environment. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(2): 161-169

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Effect of Date of Sowing on the Performance of Drought Tolerant Wheat Genotypes to Spot Blotch at Rampur, Chitwan , Nepal

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v1i4.9180 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 266-271

Author(s):

L. Aryal ◽

S. M. Shrestha ◽

G. B. K.C.

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Spot Blotch ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Main Factors ◽

Late Sowing ◽

Plot Design

A research was conducted in field to elucidate the response of 20 twenty drought tolerant wheat genotypes to spot blotch. Field experiment was carried out in Agronomy block of IAAS, Rampur, Chitwan in split plot design with three replications, considering 25 November as normal sowing and 15 December as late sowing dates taking them as main factors and genotypes as sub factors. Grain yield was 2.50 t ha-1 on 25 November sowing and 2.03 t ha-1 on 15 December sowing. Similarly thousand kernel weight was 37.50 g on 25 November sowing and 32.82 g on 15 December sowing. Aditya, CSISA DRYT 5204 and CSISA DRYT 5205 had less than 13% grain yield and TKW reduction when sown in late condition also. From the experiment it is concluded that these three genotypes can be sown in late condition as they were resistant to spot blotch and heat stress.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i4.9180 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(4): 266-271

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Evaluation of Spring Wheat Genotypes (Triticum Aestivum L.) for Heat Stress Tolerance Using Different Stress Tolerance Indices

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2015-0004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 49-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A.A. Khan ◽

M.R. Kabir

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Filling Rate ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Grain Filling Rate ◽

Heat Stress Tolerance ◽

Late Sowing

Abstract Twenty five spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance in field environments in the Agro Ecological Zone-11 of Bangladesh, during 2009-2010 cropping season. The experiments were conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, using randomized block design with three replicates under non-stress (optimum sowing) and stress (late sowing) conditions. Seven selection indices for stress tolerance including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were calculated based on grain yield of wheat under optimum and late sowing conditions. The results revealed significant variations due to genotypes for all characters in two sowing conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first PCA explained 0.64 of the variation with MP, GMP, YI and STI. Using MP, GMP, YI and STI, the genotypes G-05 and G-22 were found to be the best genotypes with relatively high yield and suitable for both optimum and late heat stressed conditions. The indices SSI, YSI and TOL could be useful parameters in discriminating the tolerant genotypes (G-12, G-13, and G-14) that might be recommended for heat stressed conditions. It is also concluded from the present studies that biomass, grain filling rate and spikes number m-2 are suitable for selecting the best genotypes under optimum and late sowing conditions because these parameters are highly correlated with MP, GMP, YI and STI. However, high ground cover with long pre heading stage and having high grain filling rate would made a genotype tolerant to late heat to attain a high grain yield in wheat.

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The plant nutrition impact on the quality and quantity parameters of maize hybrids grain yield based on different statistical methods

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1007/s42976-020-00074-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 565-573

Author(s):

Árpád Illés ◽

S. M. Nasir Mousavi ◽

Csaba Bojtor ◽

Janos Nagy

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Content ◽

Oil Content ◽

Starch Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Npk Fertilizer

AbstractIn recent years, producers of agricultural products have increased the use of chemical fertilizers per unit area. The goal of this research was to analyze the interaction of genotype in treatment (NPK fertilizer) on grain yield, protein content, oil content, and the starch content on 13 maize hybrids using analysis by the model of additive and multiplier effects AMMI and to evaluate genotypes, treatments, and their interactions using biplot in Hungary. Treatments include NPK0 (N: 0 kg/ha, P2O5:0 kg/ha, K2O: 0 kg/ha), NPK1 (N: 30 kg/ha, P2O5: 23 kg/ha, K2O: 27 kg/ha), NPK2 (N: 60 kg/ha, P2O5: 46 kg/ha, K2O: 54 kg/ha), NPK3 (N: 90 kg/ha, P2O5: 69 kg/ha, K2O: 81 kg/ha), NPK4 (N: 120 kg/ha, P2O5: 92 kg/ha, K2O: 108 kg/ha), NPK5 (N: 150 kg/ha, P2O5: 115 kg/ha, K2O: 135 kg/ha) in four replications based on complete randomized block design in 2019. The NPK fertilizer effects indicate that the fertilizers are different on yield genotype. AMMI analysis showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes, treatment, and the interaction effect of genotype * treatment at one percent. Besides, the maximum yield had Loupiac and NPK3 on grain yield, Loupiac and NPK2 on oil content, P0023, and NPK3 for starch content, DKC 3/ES4725 (DKC4725) and NPK3 for protein content. Also, GGE biplot analysis indicates that had maximum grain yield in Loupiac, protein content in P9978, oil content in MV Maronetta, and starch content in Sushi.

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Influence of pesticide-treated seeds on survival of Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer, symbiotic efficiency and yield in chickpea

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/54/2010-pps ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 37-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kunal ◽

P. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Winter Season ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Symbiotic Efficiency ◽

Effective Measure ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Uninoculated Control

Chemical seed protectants are used to reduce the adverse effects of seedling fungal pathogens or insect attack on legume pastures and crops. Chickpea seeds are also frequently treated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer inoculant to promote effective symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF), which seems to be a cost effective measure. The population of viable Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer on seeds of chickpea declined with time of storage (4°C) in pesticide treated and untreated chickpea seeds in vitro. A significant reduction in chickpea rhizobia was observed in seed treatment with Captan followed by Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos. In a field experiment during the winter season 2006–2008, no difference in the emergence count of chickpea plants was observed. Treatments inoculated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer alone or along with Captan, Chlorpyrifos or Endosulfan showed improved plant growth and symbiotic parameters (plant height, nodulation, leghaemoglobin content, and nitrogen content) in comparison with the uninoculated control treatment. Significantly higher grain yield (9.6%) was observed in the treatment inoculated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer alone as compared to the uninoculated control. A non-significant difference in grain yield among treatments where Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer along with a mixture of fungicide and insecticides was applied was observed in contrast to the Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer treatment. In conclusion, the recommended rates of fungicide and insecticides as seed treatment were not detrimental to chickpea-Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer symbiosis, hence they can be safely used to obtain higher productivity.  

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Vitamin D status in adults and children in Transcarpathia, Ukrainein 2019

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41749/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Khrystyna Shchubelka

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Adult Population ◽

Winter Season ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Adult Women ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Adults And Children ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem, it is assessed by measuring serum 25-hydroxivitamin D (25(OH) D), nevertheless epidemiological data for many countries remains underreported.Objectives:To study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency throughout the calendar year in a large cohort recruited ina multiethnic Transcarpathian region of Ukraine.Methods: In this retrospective study 25(OH)D serum concentration was measured during all 12 months of the year 2019 by electrochemoluminescent assay on the automatic analyzer Cobas e411 in 1,823 subjects, including both children and adults (1551 females (85.03%) and 273 males (14.97%)). ResultsThe mean 25(OH) D concentration in adults demonstrates significantly lower levels compared to children (22.67±8.63 ng/ml vs. 26.00±10.72 ng/ml respectively, p<0.001). Adult women expressed significantly lower mean annual serum 25 (OH) D concentrations in comparison to men (22.29±8.46 ng/ml vs. 25.75±9.38 ng/ml respectively, p< 0.001). In contrast, children did not show a significant difference between sexes (girls 24.98±10.38 ng/ml vs. boys 27.01±11.01 ng/ml, p=0.2003). In the winter months, 25(OH)D levels fell below 20 ng/ml in 51,74 % of adult population of Thranscarpathia, and in 12.91%, - below 12 ng/ml.ConclusionsThe results of this study contradict the previously reported evaluations of the vitamin D levels in Ukraine which were assessed by measuring serum 25(OH) D. Specifically, only approximately half of the studied population is vitamin D deficient during winter season. This study features the most representative sample size in Ukraine to date.

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Lodging tolerance of rice is improved without decreasing productivity by mixing lines with different maturity dates

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp20307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Seiji Oikawa ◽

Ayaka Katayanagi ◽

Akira Abe ◽

Maya Matsunami ◽

Hiroyuki Shimono

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Unit Area ◽

Wild Type ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Early Maturing ◽

The Mean ◽

Northern Japan

We hypothesised that mixing of rice lines with different maturity dates can improve the productivity per unit area while improving lodging resistance on account of the heterogeneous canopy. To test this hypothesis, we grew two lines, wild-type (WT) and early-maturing (EML), of each of two cultivars (Koshihikari and Hitomebore) in monoculture plantings and within-cultivar mixed plantings, with WT and EML plants alternating every one or two rows, over 2 years in northern Japan. The mixtures formed a canopy with different heading dates (5–7 days earlier than WT in Hitomebore and 14–19 days earlier in Koshihikari). For Koshihikari, the mixture increased grain yield per plant in the WT by 18–33%, but decreased it in the EML by 19–22%; however, for Hitomebore, there was no significant difference. Consequently, grain yield per unit area did not change relative to the mean of monocultures of WT and EML in either cultivar. Lodging tolerance improved significantly in the mixtures, especially for Koshihikari. Thus, mixing rice lines with different maturity dates improved lodging tolerance without decreasing productivity.

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Grain yield stability of wheat genotypes under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132005000600004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 697-704 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lauro Akio Okuyama ◽

Luiz Carlos Federizzi ◽

José Fernandes Barbosa Neto

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Linear Regression Method ◽

Genotype By Environment Interactions ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Genotype By Environment ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Water Stress Condition ◽

The Stability ◽

Late Sowing

Analyses of genotype by environment interactions were carried out for wheat genotypes grown under irrigated and non-irrigated field conditions, in two sowing dates during three years. The linear regression method was used to analyze the stability of grain yield. Genotype by environment interactions was observed for grain yield in all groups of environments. Nesser was the most productive and stable genotype in all groups of environments, followed by IAPAR 17-Caeté. In the late sowing, better yield performances were observed for the cultivars OCEPAR 7-Batuíra, IAPAR 17-Caeté and Nesser, under irrigated condition, and Nesser and IAPAR 28-Igapó, under non-irrigated condition. The results indicated that Nesser gave high grain yield with superior adaptability and stability, and could thus be considered as the most suitable genotype for late sowing and water stress condition at the end of plant cycle.

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Genotype by environment interaction analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield under rain-fed conditions in Zambia

SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.54910/sabrao2021.53.4.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 609-619

Author(s):

B. Tembo

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Interaction Analysis ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽

Research Station ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Genotype By Environment

Understanding genotype by environment interaction (GEI) is important for crop improvement because it aids in the recommendation of cultivars and the identification of appropriate production environments. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of GEI for the grain yield of wheat grown under rain-fed conditions in Zambia by using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The study was conducted in 2015/16 at Mutanda Research Station, Mt. Makulu Research Station and Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust (GART) in Chibombo. During2016/17, the experiment was performed at Mpongwe, Mt. Makulu Research Station and GART Chibombo, Zambia. Fifty-five rain-fed wheat genotypes were evaluated for grain yield in a 5 × 11 alpha lattice design with two replications. Results revealed the presence of significant variation in yield across genotypes, environments, and GEI indicating the differential performance of genotypes across environments. The variance due to the effect of environments was higher than the variances due to genotypes and GEI. The variances ascribed to environments, genotypes, and GEI accounted for 45.79%, 12.96%, and 22.56% of the total variation, respectively. These results indicated that in rain-fed wheat genotypes under study, grain yield was more controlled by the environment than by genetics. AMMI biplot analysis demonstrated that E2 was the main contributor to the GEI given that it was located farthest from the origin. Furthermore, E2 was unstable yet recorded the highest yield. Genotype G47 contributed highly to the GEI sum of squares considering that it was also located far from the origin. Genotypes G12 and G18 were relatively stable because they were situated close to the origin. Their position indicated that they had minimal interaction with the environment. Genotype 47 was the highest-yielding genotype but was unstable, whereas G34 was the lowest-yielding genotype and was unstable.

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Morphological characterization and genetic analysis in bread wheat germplasm: A combined study of heritability, genetic variance, genetic divergence and association of characters

Agricultural Science and Technology ◽

10.15547/ast.2020.04.048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 301-311

Author(s):

G. Gerema ◽

D. Lule ◽

F. Lemessa ◽

T. Mekonnen

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Path Coefficient ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Positive Direct

Abstract. The present study was conducted to assess the nature and magnitude of genetic variability and traits association of bread wheat genotypes for yield and related traits. A total of 180 genotypes were evaluated in alpha lattice design with three replications in 2017/18 cropping season. Data for 10 quantitative traits were collected and subjected to analysis of variance. The result from the analysis of variance revealed highly significant variability observed among genotypes for all traits studied. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) is superior over genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for most traits but narrow variations were found between PCV and GCV for most of the traits. Heritability in broad sense and genetic advance as percent of the mean (GA%) were relatively higher for Kernels per spike and grain filling period. Grain yield showed positive and highly significant (p≤0.01) association with number of tillers, kernel per spike and plant height both on genotypic and phenotypic levels.The path coefficient analysis showed that spike length, plant height and kernels per spike had positive direct effect on grain yield on both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Divergence analysis (D2) grouped the total test germplasm into 10 clusters. Among those, clusters IV and IX showed the highest genetic distance and thus the possibility to develop segregating populations upon the crossing of widely related genotypes in those clusters. The results could help researches to utilize the most promising wheat genotypes of this study in future breeding programmes for enhancing desirable traits.

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Effect of Organic Manures on Soil Properties and Yield of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana) Gaertn

Mapana Journal of Sciences ◽

10.12723/mjs.6.16 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 90-95

Author(s):

C. Vijaya Kumar ◽

G. N. Gajanana ◽

B. Basavaraj

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Npk Fertilizers ◽

Available N ◽

Organic Manures ◽

Significant Difference

Pot experiment was conducted during 1993 on ragi grown on a sandy clay loam soil to know the periodic changes in 0-15 cm soil depth on pH, organic carbon(O.C.),available N,P and K due to application of organic manure in conjunction with fertilizer. Application of organic manures alone or in combination with fertilizer increased the soil pH, organic carbon(O.C.),available N,P and K and grain yield when compared to NPK alone. The addition of FYM compared to green leaf manure and vermicompost increased soil pH significantly. The organic carbon(O.C.)content of GLM treated soil significantly superior to VC treatment but was at par with FYM treatment at all stages of plant growth. At all stages organic manures in combination with fertilizer were superior in influencing available N,P and K compared to NPK(fertilizers) alone. There was no significant difference in the grain yield due to application of organic manures individually or in combination with fertilizers compared to NPK but maximum yield was noticed on adding 50% fertilizer N as GLM + 50% N + P + K.

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