scholarly journals Prevalence of β-Lactamase Production among Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Surgical Site and Wound Infection amoung Patients Admitted in some selected Hospitals in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
UK Muhammad ◽  
TM Adamu ◽  
Z Binji ◽  
MA Isa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Lactam Ring ◽  
Women And Children

Antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria is increasing worldwide especially against ß-lactam drugs, due to the production of ß-lactamase enzymes which destroy the ß-lactam ring of these antibiotics, thus preventing the action of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). The prevalence of β-lactamase producing bacteria among patients admitted in three different hospitals were carried out in this study. The results of this study shows that out of one hundred and fifty one isolates obtained in three different hospitals in Sokoto metropolis, only 82 (54.0%) were resistant to the antibiotics tested. These include 42 (51.2%) were isolated in Usmanu Danfodiyo Teaching Hospital (UDUT), 26 (31.7%) were isolated from Specialist Hospital Sokoto (S.H.S) and 14 (17.1%) were isolated from Maryam Abatcha Women and Children Hospital (MAWCH) which has the least number of occurrence of the resistant isolates. β-lactamase test was carried out on the resistant isolates show s that out of the 82 isolates found resistant to the antibiotics tested, about 60 (73.2%) were β- lactamase positive and the remaining 22 (26.8%) were β-lactamase negative. Staphylococcus aureus has the highest resistant bacteria producing β-lactamase enzyme with 22 isolates, followed by Proteus mirabilis with 10 isolates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11067 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(3) 2014: 89-112

Comparing antibiotic resistance in commensal and pathogenic bacteria isolated from wild-caught South Carolina shrimps vs. farm-raised imported shrimps

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Boinapally ◽  
Xiuping Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Plate Counts

The objective of this study was to assess and differentiate wild-caught South Carolina (SC) shrimps from imported shrimps on the basis of microbiological analysis. Seven wild-caught SC shrimp and 13 farm-raised imported shrimp samples were analyzed. Total plate counts from wild-caught shrimp samples ranged from 4.3 to 7.0 log10 CFU/g, whereas counts from imported shrimp samples ranged from 3.2 to 5.7 log10 CFU/g. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between total bacterial counts of wild-caught SC shrimp and farm-raised imported shrimp. However, the percentages of bacteria with reduced susceptibility towards ceftriaxone and tetracycline were higher (P < 0.05) for farm-raised shrimp than for wild-caught samples. Salmonella spp. detected only in one farm-raised sample was resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim. Vibrio vulnificus was detected in both wild-caught and farm-raised shrimp samples; however, only the isolate from farm-raised shrimp was resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim. Escherichia coli detected in one wild-caught sample was resistant to ampicillin. Both Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. were absent with wild-caught SC samples. Therefore, the presence of more ceftriaxone- and tetracycline-resistant bacteria and the observed antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of isolates from the imported shrimp may reflect the possible use of antibiotics in raising shrimp in those countries.

EPISIOTOMY INFECTIONS IN THE PUERPERIUM AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF RESPONSIBLE PATHOGENS IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2325-2331
Author(s):  
Aidyn G. Salmanov ◽  
Taras G. Voitok ◽  
Igor V. Maidannyk ◽  
Serhiy Yu. Vdovychenko ◽  
Olena О. Chorna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

1 2 ABSTRACT The aim: To obtain the first estimates of the current prevalence rate of episiotomy infections in the puerperium and antimicrobial resistance of responsible pathogens in Ukraine. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study was based on surveillance data. The study population consisted of all women who had a vaginal delivery in 7 Regional Women’s Hospitals of Ukraine. Definitions of episiotomy infections were used from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC/NHSN). Results: Total 35.6% women after vaginal delivery had episiotomy done. The prevalence rate of episiotomy infections was 17.7%. The predominant pathogens were: Escherichia coli (49.2%), Enterobacter spp. (11.1%), Streptococcus spp. (9.1%), Enterococcus faecalis (6.5%), Klebsiella spp. (8.1%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (4.2%), Proteus spp.(2.9%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (2.8%). The overall proportion of methicillin-resistance was observed in 17.3% of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Vancomycin resistance was observed in 6.8% of isolated enterococci. Carbapenem resistance was identified in 8% of P.aeruginosa isolates. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was observed in 15.2% Klebsiella spp. and E.coli 16.4% isolates. The overall proportion of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) production among Enterobacteriaceae was 26.4%. The prevalence of ESBL production among E. coli isolates was significantly higher than in K. pneumoniae (31.4%, vs 12.5%). Conclusions: Episiotomy infections in the puerperium are common in Ukraine and most of these infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Optimizing the management and empirical antimicrobial therapy may reduce the burden of episiotomy infections, but prevention is the key element.

scholarly journals Sore Throat and Methicllin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Positive Pharyngo-Tonsillitis in a Tertiary Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Mahabub Alom ◽  
Md Sultan Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in health care-associated pathogens is a growing concern for healthcare and for public health. In response to these concerns, medical experts, professional societies and agencies, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), have proposed initiatives to curtail the spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to observe the disease pattern and demographic characteristics of patient attending at the outpatient department of Otolaryngology in a tertiary care hospital suffering from sore throat and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) positive pharyngo-tonsillitis. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at the outpatient department of Otolaryngology in Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College and Hospital for the period of January, 2016 to December, 2017. Data were collected based on history, clinical examinations and culture and sensitivity report of throat swab of the patients. Result: A total of 339 patients were studied of which 49.56% were male and 50.44% were female. The mean age was 30 years; maximum patient (36.28%) belongs to 21-30 years of age. Maximum patient (76%) were come from out of Sirajganj district specially North Bengal. Regarding result of throat swab of C/S 58.11% patients were MRSA positive, 26.84% patients were MRSA negative and15.04% patients has no growth. Conclusion: It is illogical to treat all sore throats with antibiotics. A large scale multi-center study should be performed in the country. A uniform data system should be constructed for Chronic Pharyngo-tonsillitis caused by Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Bangladesh. KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-4, January 2019, Page 177-181

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens and Detection of Carbapenemases in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Hospital Wastewater

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hercules Sakkas ◽  
Petros Bozidis ◽  
Afrodite Ilia ◽  
George Mpekoulis ◽  
Chrissanthy Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

During a six-month period (October 2017–March 2018), the prevalence and susceptibility of important pathogenic bacteria isolated from 12 hospital raw sewage samples in North Western Greece was investigated. The samples were analyzed for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli, carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CKP), and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the agar diffusion method according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The diversity of carbapenemases harboring K. pneumoniae was examined by two phenotyping screening methods (modified Hodge test and combined disk test), a new immunochromatographic rapid assay (RESIST-4 O.K.N.V.) and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results demonstrated the prevalence of MRSA, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), VRE, and CKP in the examined hospital raw sewage samples. In addition, the aforementioned methods which are currently used in clinical laboratories for the rapid identification and detection of resistant bacteria and genes, performed sufficiently to provide reliable results in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

scholarly journals Trends in antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed ◽  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Shakhaowat Hossain ◽  
Md Babul Aktar ◽  
Nusrat Akhtar Juyee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens is a growing concern for health. It is a great concern around the globe about the threat of increasing antimicrobial resistance. In response to this concerns, medical experts have proposed initiatives to curtail the spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria. We have taken this surveillance study in KYAMCH to contain the spread of antimicrobial resistance.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of MRSA from different clinical samples and to record its current status to commonly used anti Staphylococcus antibiotics.Methods: The clinical samples were taken to the laboratory and within four hours cultured for isolates and identification pathogens. Finally, antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus was performed. Results: More than 80% of MRSA isolates were resistant to ampicillin (98%) followed by amoxicillin, cefixime and azithromycin with 94%, 93.5% and 85% respectively and maximum sensitivity toward tobramycin with 86% followed by 85% gentamicin and 79% meropenem.Conclusion: The detected trend in antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in this study is alarming. This has created a huge clinical burden in the hospital settings as well as in the community.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 6-10

scholarly journals Investigation of diagnostic equipment as reservoirs for microbial growth and sources of microbial transfer, hygiene practices of students and efficacy of disinfectants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Johmari Logtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Diagnostic Equipment ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a global concern as they affect millions of people worldwide. Poor hygiene practices and the use of microbial contaminated medical equipment by healthcare workers (HCWs) are common contributing factors to the development of HCAIs, which result in additional hospital costs, prolonged hospital stays, development of antibacterial resistance and increases in mortality and morbidity. Because Chiropractic students (CSs) at the Durban University of Technology Chiropractic Day Clinic (DUT CDC) make use of diagnostic equipment during their consultations with patients, this study aimed to determine if the stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers that were used in the DUT CDC served as reservoirs for bacterial growth, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and to correlate the findings with the hygiene practices of CSs and the efficacy of disinfectants. Method: This quantitative study comprised of two phases: a phase one pre-test post-test design and a phase two cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire design. Phase one required the collection of bacterial samples from the stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers of 29 CSs before and after performing the physical assessments on new patients (58 samples). These bacterial samples were incubated and analysed. The bacterial isolates were enumerated, identified and, where appropriate, tested for antibiotic-resistance. The modified AOAC use dilution method was used to test the efficacy of the selected disinfectants. Phase two required 29 CSs to complete the research questionnaire. The data were initially captured onto Excel spreadsheets and subsequently analysed using IBM SPSS version 24.0 (p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant), with the application of Spearman’s rank correlation, an one-way ANOVA evaluation, Tukey post hoc and paired t-tests. Results: Although the majority of the CSs was knowledgeable and regarded disinfection as important, only 13.8% applied adequate disinfection practices. The most common reasons that were stated were inadequate education or training, forgetfulness, lack of time, and disinfectant unavailability. Bacterial growth was present on 96.6% and 100.0% of the pre-test and post-test stethoscope samples respectively, and on 94.8% and 100.0% of the pre- and post-test sphygmomanometer samples respectively. The total colony-forming units (CFUs) for both the post- test readings were higher compared to their respective pre-test samples. Paired t-tests indicated significantly (p< 0.01) higher mean values for the post-stethoscope group only, with a greater distribution of the total CFUs for stethoscope samples at the diaphragms’ edge. The bacteria that were isolated from both sets of pre- and post-test samples consisted predominantly of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS), Micrococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, while the minority consisted of Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., coliforms and Escherichia coli. Overall, the majority of the bacteria was considered potentially pathogenic, except for the post-test sphygmomanometer sample. The disinfectant efficacy testing revealed results that were in contrast with the literature, which caused the researcher to question the validity and reliability of the modified AOAC use dilution method in this study. Chloramphenicol was the most effective antibiotic with a bacterial susceptibility rate of 95.7%, (Ciprofloxacin (93.2%), Vancomycin (80.8%), Amoxicillin (AMO) (69.5%) and Erythromycin (57.7%)). The resistance of Micrococcus spp. isolates to the various antibiotics was of concern. The high resistance levels of CoNS and S. aureus to AMO suggests the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant CoNS isolates. The most susceptible specie in general was Micrococcus spp. at 60.9%, followed by S. aureus at 59.6%, E. coli at 53.8%, and CoNS at 48.7%, while the least susceptible was coliforms at 36.9%. No correlations (p> 0.05) were identified between the mean CFU isolates from the CSs’ equipment and their reported average disinfection rate. Conclusions and recommendations: Both stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers were contaminated with non-pathogenic and potential pathogenic bacteria (some were resistant to multiple antibiotic classes). Although knowledgeable about equipment disinfection procedures, only 13.8% of the CSs reported disinfecting their pieces of equipment after examining every patient. The provision of adequate equipment disinfection education, the placement of visual reminders and accessible disinfectants will assist in improving the practice of adequate equipment disinfection. Moreover, equipment disinfection before and after every patient consultation will minimise cross- contamination and thus the risk of the development of HCAIs.

scholarly journals Seasonal resistome diversity and dissemination of WHO priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens in Lebanese estuaries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadad Hobeika ◽  
Margaux Gaschet ◽  
Marie-Cecile Ploy ◽  
Elena Buelow ◽  
Dolla Karam Sarkis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Key Drivers

Anthropogenic activities are demonstrated to be the key drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dissemination in the environment. Lebanese rivers that lead to the Mediterranean Sea were sampled at estuaries sites, under high anthropogenic pressure, in spring 2017 and winter 2018 to study seasonal variation of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Methods: A combined approach using culture techniques and high throughput qPCR identified hotspots for antimicrobial resistance and anthropogenic pressure in particular locations along the Lebanese coast. Results: Multi-resistant Gram-negative (Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas spp) and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens were isolated. A high abundance of certain ARGs (vanB, blaBIC-1, blaGES, tetM, and mcr-1) was detected in 5 Lebanese estuaries. The relative abundance of ARGs was highest in winter and areas with high anthropogenic activities and population growth with an influx of refugees. Conclusion: Qualitative analysis of ARB and the analysis of the Lebanese estuaries resistome revealed critical levels of contamination with pathogenic bacteria and provided significant information about the spread of ARGs in anthropogenically impacted estuaries.

scholarly journals Wildlife as Sentinels of Antimicrobial Resistance in Germany?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Plaza-Rodríguez ◽  
Katja Alt ◽  
Mirjam Grobbel ◽  
Jens Andre Hammerl ◽  
Alexandra Irrgang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Selective Isolation ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nasal Swabs

The presence of bacteria carrying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in wildlife is an indicator that resistant bacteria of human or livestock origin are widespread in the environment. In addition, it could represent an additional challenge for human health, since wild animals could act as efficient AMR reservoirs and epidemiological links between human, livestock and natural environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and the antibiotic resistance patterns of several bacterial species in certain wild animals in Germany, including wild boars (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild ducks (family Anatidae, subfamily Anatinae) and geese (family Anatidae, subfamily Anserinae). In the framework of the German National Zoonoses Monitoring Program, samples from hunted wild boars, roe deer and wild ducks and geese were collected nationwide in 2016, 2017, and 2019, respectively. Fecal samples were tested for the presence of Salmonella spp. (in wild boars and wild ducks and geese), Campylobacter spp. (in roe deer and wild ducks and geese), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia (E.) coli (STEC), commensal E. coli and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL) or ampicillinase class C (AmpC) beta-lactamase-producing E. coli (in wild boars, roe deer and wild ducks and geese). In addition, the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was investigated in nasal swabs from wild boars. Isolates obtained in the accredited regional state laboratories were submitted to the National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) for confirmation, characterization and phenotypic resistance testing using broth microdilution according to CLSI. AMR was assessed according to epidemiological cut-offs provided by EUCAST. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 13 of 552 (2.4%) tested wild boar fecal samples, but absent in all 101 samples from wild ducks and geese. Nine of the 11 isolates that were submitted to the NRL Salmonella were susceptible to all tested antimicrobial substances. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from four out of 504 (0.8%) roe deer fecal samples, but not from any of the samples from wild ducks and geese. Of the two isolates received in the NRL Campylobacter, neither showed resistance to any of the substances tested. From roe deer, 40.2% of the fecal samples (144 of 358) yielded STEC compared to 6.9% (37 of 536) from wild boars. In wild ducks and geese, no STEC isolates were found. Of 150 STEC isolates received in the NRL (24 from wild boars and 126 from roe deer), only one from each animal species showed resistance. Of the 219 isolates of commensal E. coli from wild boars tested for AMR, 210 were susceptible to all 14 tested substances (95.9%). In roe deer this proportion was even higher (263 of 269, 97.8%), whereas in wild ducks and geese this proportion was lower (41 of 49, 83.7%). Nevertheless, selective isolation of ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli yielded 6.5% (36 of 551) positive samples from wild boars, 2.3% (13 of 573) from roe deer and 9.8% (10 of 102) from wild ducks and geese. Among the 25 confirmed ESBL-/AmpC-producing isolates from wild boars, 14 (56.0%) showed resistance up to five classes of substances. This proportion was lower in roe deer (3 of 12, 25%) and higher in wild ducks and geese (7 of 10, 70%). None of the 577 nasal swabs from wild boars yielded MRSA. Results indicate that overall, the prevalence of resistant bacteria from certain wild animals in Germany is low, which may reflect not only the low level of exposure to antimicrobials but also the low level of resistant bacteria in the areas where these animals live and feed. However, despite this low prevalence, the patterns observed in bacteria from the wild animals included in this study are an indicator for specific resistance traits in the environment, including those to highest priority substances such as 3rd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and colistin. Therefore, also continuous monitoring of the occurrence of such bacteria in wildlife by selective isolation is advisable. Furthermore, the possible role of wildlife as reservoir and disperser of resistant bacteria would need to be assessed, as wild animals, and in particular wild ducks and geese could become spreaders of resistant bacteria given their capacity for long-range movements.

scholarly journals Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in humans, food stuffs and livestock in Denmark

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
H C Wegener ◽  
F Bager ◽  
F M Aarestrup
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
General Increase

A general increase in antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria is causing concern worldwide that the widespread use of antimicrobial agents in animal production may promote the development of resistant bacteria or resistance genes that can be tr

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