scholarly journals Border Disputes and Its Impact on Bilateral Relation: A Case of Nepal- India International Border Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toya Nath Baral
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Artificial Boundary ◽  
Boundary Area ◽  
Bilateral Relation ◽  
International Boundary ◽  
International Border ◽  
Water Issues ◽  
Management Issues

This paper examines the historical events of Nepal-India international boundary. How the delineation and demarcation of international boundary was carried out, is strategically explained. Border water issues are raised. Encroachments and disputes due to river boundary are also discussed. Disputes on both Physical and artificial boundary and their impacts on bilateral relation is analyzed. Both positive and negative impact of an open border system between Nepal and India is discussed. Border problems are identified clearly. Initiatives taken how to resolve the border management issues are categorically presented. Strip mapping of boundary area was carried out using GPS and GIS technology and the maps of whole Nepal-India boundary, except Kalapani and Susta, are prepared jointly and signed by the joint technical committee assigned by the respective government.  

scholarly journals Interstate green standards of formation sustainable built environment vital activity

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 438-462
Author(s):  
Valeriy I. Telichenko ◽  
Andrey A. Benuzh ◽  
Elena A. Suhinina
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Development Goals

Introduction. Due to the negative environmental situation on Earth, the necessity to use “green” standards in construction, regulated by environmental standards, to reduce the negative impact on nature and create favorable living environment for humans was determined. It was revealed that eleven of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals approved at the United Nations General Assembly are interrelated with construction. At the same time, “green” design standards are a mechanism for achieving Sustainable Development Goals as well as regulatory tool for creating an environmentally friendly environment for living and working. Materials and methods. The stages of the formation of environmental legislation in construction are studied. Specific features of the formation of regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection and environmental design (mid 20th – early 21st centuries), as well as the transition to the creation of National Russian “green” standards are reviewed. The mechanism of development of interstate standards on the basis of the Technical Committee is being studied. Results. National environmental legislation and Russian national “green” standards regulatory requirements are studied. The advantages and disadvantages of current environmental certification systems and core aspects of buildings environmental assessment are highlighted. The necessity for the use of interstate environmental standards in design and construction is determined along with the allocation of strategy for further development in the urban planning field. Specific features of the formation of “green” construction in Russia, as a driver for the Eurasian Customs Union are revealed. Conclusions. The priority of formating “green” living environment on the basis of the introduction of new regulatory framework on environmentally sustainable design to promote the National “green” standard in construction at the interstate level is outlined.

scholarly journals The peaceful resolution of U.S.-Mexican transboundary water disputes

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa M. Neir ◽  
Michael E. Campana
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
The North ◽  
International Boundary ◽  
Water Issues ◽  
The U.S

To deal with boundary and transboundary water issues along their border, the United States and Mexico established the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) in 1889. Initially dealing only with surface water flows, its flexibility permitted changes such that groundwater and water quality issues could be addressed. In 1994, the U.S., Mexico, and Canada adopted the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) primarily to facilitate trade, but which can govern water as an article of commerce. Both NAFTA and the IBWC have been instrumental in promoting peaceful solutions to water issues. The article examines three cases: (1) Mexico's protesting of a U.S. plan to line the All-American Canal on the Mexico-California; (2) the underdelivery of Mexican Rio Grande water to the U.S. state of Texas; and (3) the case of an aquifer entirely within Mexico whose supply is being stressed because of a shift in agricultural production prompted by NAFTA. The article concludes that both countries should: (1) develop a more formal system for groundwater issues and (2) exercise vigilance with respect to NAFTA's ability to treat water solely as an economic good.

scholarly journals PROJECT MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN THE FIELD OF ECOLOGY: RATIONAL NATURE USE AND RESOURCE SAVING

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Evdokimova ◽  
S. M. Sycheva ◽  
T. B. Shramchenko
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Environmental Projects ◽  
Management Issues

The largest environmental issues in Russia have been considered in the article, their relationship with the development trends of the country’s economy and the legacy of the Soviet period has been traced, the directions of projects in the field of ecology, as well as the problems of their implementation have been reviewed, these issues have been compared with the practice of environmental projects in developed countries. Today, as we see, the issue of ecology is not in last place. The negative impact of humanity on the environment has reached an alarming level. There is a constant update, as well as the development of new technologies and techniques to prevent environmental problems in the country. Successful implementation of environmental projects directly depends on the level of education and the involvement of the population in solving environmental issues.

scholarly journals Spatial Zoning Strategy for Socio-Economic Development and Environmental Protection in Cu Chi District, Hochiminh City

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Huy Anh ◽  
Nguyen Trinh Minh Anh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Waste Discharge ◽  
Environmental Recovery ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Natural Ecology

Cu Chi, with a natural area of 43,496ha, is a district in the northeast of Hochiminh City, where infrastructure has been built intensively and rapidly in recent years. This development results in not only general socio-economic conditions but also the improvement of local welfare. On the other hand, relentless urban and industrial development in Cu Chi District may potentially pose negative impact on general environmental condition due to reduction of green area and industrial waste discharge to the natural ecology. As a consequence, spatial planning and zoning are necessary to balance socio-economic progress and environmental protection for sustainable development. By analyzing the socio-economic, environment and remote sensing data using GIS technology, the research divides the district into 3 major environment zones, including 13 minor sub-zones. Meanwhile, the result also suggests 04 integrated socio-economic development and environmental protection zones as follows: environmental protection with 2 sub-zones (2,286 ha), environmental friendly development with 6 sub-zones (27,753 ha), strengthened environmental management with 4 sub-zones (8,370 ha) and environmental recovery and rehabilitation with 1 sub-zone (5,087 ha). The authors believe that the spatial zoning is important in providing the basis to develop a strategy for socio-economic development and environmental protection for each sub-zone.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Suitability of Urban Land Using GIS Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10521
Author(s):  
Yu Yan ◽  
Yukun Zhang ◽  
Ashutosh Sharma ◽  
Jehad F. Al-Amri
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Land Use Structure ◽  
Land Using

The accelerating speed of urbanization has a negative impact on environmental degradation, leading to the imbalance in land-use structure and scarcity of its resources. The imbalance of the existing land-use structure and function distribution, along with the scarcity of land resources, were improved in this article to provide people with more a rational use of land service space. This article specifically contributes to the establishment of an evaluation index system for the evaluation of the suitability of urban land using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The topographic aspect of the planning area was determined by the filling and excavation of depth factors and terrain elevation of the planning area. This article also contributes to determining the topographic slope of the planning area and evaluation index weight for the analysis of superposition factors. GIS data processing methods, document analysis methods, and mathematical models are used to evaluate the suitability of construction land. The results of geological engineering, geological foundation, environment, and geological disasters of the northern New Area of Yan’an are combined, and the appropriate evaluation indicators are selected. The results show that the prohibited planning construction area accounts for about 4% of the total planning area. Appropriate construction and more suitable construction in the entire region account for about 96%. The mountain system is connected in form and meaning, and a rainwater collection and management system is established. The proposed method of intercepting flood ditch at the foot of the mountain was designed and adopted, followed by eventual realization of rainwater recycling and safe flood control, making urban land use more reasonable. Therefore, urban land planning is provided with a reasonable reference basis.

scholarly journals Evaluation and validation of flood hazard zoning using Analytical Hierarchy Process and GIS: A case study of Lam River basin (Vietnam)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ba Dung Nguyen ◽  
◽  
Quynh Nga Nguyen ◽  
Thi Lan Pham ◽  
Thi Le Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
The People ◽  
Hazard Zoning ◽  
Hierarchy Process

In recent years, the Lam river basin had suffered various forms of natural disasters such as floods, inundations, windstorms, tornadoes, etc. Among all these, the flood has proved to be the greatest threat to the people and the socio-economic development in the basin. Moreover, it is very frequent as compared to other natural disasters. In view of the fact that such disastrous floods are still occurring in the basin, it becomes a necessity to determine the causes and analyze the components affecting flood. This is important in order to develop an early flood warning system and thus minimize the negative impact of flood in the Lam river basin on the people and the facilities. In this paper, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis method integrated with GIS technology is used to map flood risk zones in the Lam river basin. The parameters used for the analysis are the main causes affecting the floods. In addition to the 5 most commonly used factors such as slope, rainfall, land cover, soil, and drainage density, this study also includes a new factor - relative slope length to compute a more rigorous and reliable model. The results were compared with the two more methods of flood hazard zoning in the same study area: the method of the main flood caused factor analysis and the method of inheriting, data analyzing, and processing. The results were also validated by the historical flood data of three years 2010, 2013, and 2016.

Three-dimensional unified geological model of the Milk River Transboundary Aquifer (Alberta, Canada – Montana, USA)

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Amélie Pétré ◽  
Alfonso Rivera ◽  
René Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Transboundary Aquifer ◽  
3D Geological Model ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
International Boundary ◽  
Geological Units ◽  
International Border

The Milk River Transboundary Aquifer (Canada–USA) has been so intensively used over the 20th century that concerns have risen about the durability of this resource since the mid-1950s. This aquifer actually corresponds to the middle Virgelle Member of the Upper Cretaceous Milk River Formation (called Eagle Formation in Montana). To assess the conditions needed for a sustainable use of the aquifer, a comprehensive and unified portrait of the aquifer is needed across its international boundary. The stratigraphic framework and geometry of geological units on both sides of the international border were thus unified in a 50 000 km2 three-dimensional (3D) geological model. The Virgelle Member is 0–60 m thick and it subcrops near the border and along both sides of the Sweetgrass Arch. It dips away from the subcrop areas in a semi-radial pattern. The Medicine Hat gas field hosted by the Alderson Member (Alberta), which is separated from the other members by a regional unconformity, and the Tiger Ridge gas field near the Bears Paw Mountains (Montana) limit the extent of the aquifer. The unified 3D geological model forms the necessary basis for conceptual and numerical hydrogeological models of the Milk River Aquifer.

The observation of solutions in Ni3Nb

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
Z.M. Wang ◽  
J.P. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Modulation ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antiphase Domain ◽  
Boundary Area ◽  
Matrix Type ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Kontorova Model

High resolution electron microscopy reveals that antiphase domain boundaries in β-Ni3Nb have a hexagonal unit cell with lattice parameters ah=aβ and ch=bβ, where aβ and bβ are of the orthogonal β matrix. (See Figure 1.) Some of these boundaries can creep “upstairs” leaving an incoherent area, as shown in region P. When the stepped boundaries meet each other, they do not lose their own character. Our consideration in this work is to estimate the influnce of the natural misfit δ{(ab-aβ)/aβ≠0}. Defining the displacement field at the boundary as a phase modulation Φ(x), following the Frenkel-Kontorova model [2], we consider the boundary area to be made up of a two unit chain, the upper portion of which can move and the lower portion of the β matrix type, assumed to be fixed. (See the schematic pattern in Figure 2(a)).

High-resolution microscopy of twin boundaries in gold

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
William Krakow ◽  
David A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Gold Films ◽  
Boundary Area ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Tilt Boundaries ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy ◽  
Twist Boundaries

Recent developments in specimen preparation, imaging and image analysis together permit the experimental determination of the atomic structure of certain, simple grain boundaries in metals such as gold. Single crystal, ∼125Å thick, (110) oriented gold films are vapor deposited onto ∼3000Å of epitaxial silver on (110) oriented cut and polished rock salt substrates. Bicrystal gold films are then made by first removing the silver coated substrate and placing in contact two suitably misoriented pieces of the gold film on a gold grid. Controlled heating in a hot stage first produces twist boundaries which then migrate, so reducing the grain boundary area, to give mixed boundaries and finally tilt boundaries perpendicular to the foil. These specimens are well suited to investigation by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

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