A Glimpse of Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) Hunting in Api Nampa Conservation Area (ANCA) Nepal

Higher altitudes of Api Nampa Conservation Area have become a hunting destination for the local people bringing a threat to blue sheep and other wildlife. Blue sheep has been a national concern in Nepal due to being the main prey species of snow leopard and trophy hunting. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of hunters in Api Nampa Conservation Area (ANCA), Darchula, Nepal. This study was carried out around Api Nampa Conservation Area in 2016. Mixed methods of questionnaires were developed to collect data, and quantitative analysis was done by applying SPSS 16. A hundred percent of hunters like to hunt in this protected area. The hunted animals were goral, blue sheep, barking deer, boar and tahr. Site-specific characteristics like vegetation density, terrain and rugged land topography often vary markedly across surveys. Due to the regular and yearly use of grazing by the livestock in the area, it becomes imperative to study their feeding habits and document their food plants. Consequently, poaching and livestock grazing are important challenges for the conservation of blue sheep. Hunting, deforestation, forest fires, grazing and shifting agriculture are identified as major threats to the wildlife of Api Nampa Conservation Area. Envisioning, critical thinking, building partnership in decision-making, awareness, and stringent action against hunting activities must be adopted early. Api Nampa Conservation Area has received little research attention from grassland ecologists and specialists in pastoral management.

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Effect of vegetation heterogeneity on radiative transfer in forest fires

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf07115 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 536 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

François Pimont ◽

Jean-Luc Dupuy ◽

Yves Caraglio ◽

Dominique Morvan

Keyword(s):

Radiative Transfer ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Vegetation Density ◽

Fuel Distribution ◽

Fire Modelling ◽

Vegetation Heterogeneity ◽

Unburned Fuel ◽

Heterogeneous Canopies ◽

The Impact

Wildland fires are driven by the heat transferred from the fire source to the unburned fuel bed and this transfer is likely to be affected by the spatial heterogeneity of fuel element distributions at different scales from shoot to stand. In a context of theoretical fire modelling, we investigated the impact of a departure from randomness of fuel distributions on the radiative transfer of energy. Our methodology was derived from the approach developed for solar radiation in heterogeneous canopies or clouds and was modified to suit an analysis of fire behaviour. Some fine and coarse fuel distributions for several Mediterranean fuel types were derived from field measurements and plant architecture modelling. A comparison of the average irradiances in different fuels showed whether heterogeneity effects were significant or not. Results showed that both marked spatial variability in fuel distribution (low cover fraction and large clumps) and a high vegetation density were required to provide significant effects. The radiative transfer in heterogeneous maritime pines and in dense shrub stands was significantly affected by heterogeneity, mainly at crown and shoot scales. Less pronounced effects were observed in Aleppo pine stand and light shrubs. In terms of fuel modelling, the 2-m resolution used in a fire model such as FIRETEC seems to be sufficient for the fuel types investigated here, with the exception of dense small clumps in shrublands. An effective coefficient was proposed for these latter cases.

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Harmonisasi terhadap Peraturan Daerah No. 14 Tahun 2006 tentang Pengelolaan Pelestarian Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah dalam Perlindungan Pulau Pariwisata Kabupaten Indramayu

Jurnal Suara Hukum ◽

10.26740/1.jsh.2019.1.2.5244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Saiful Kholik ◽

Imas Khaeriyah

Keyword(s):

Rule Of Law ◽

Local Governments ◽

Environmental Law ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Marine Conservation ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Conservation Area ◽

The Rule Of Law ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Inconsistency Regional Regulation No.14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, which Cendekian provides protection but in fact failed to provide protection as evidenced by dredging island sandbar and cendekian conducted PT.Pertamina UP VI Balongan INDRAMAYU. The problem in this research How Formulation Policy Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian And How Harmonization Act No. 10 of 2009 with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding formulation Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian, the purpose of this research to understand and analyze the extent to which policy The findings of the community or field of law local governments about the environmental damage done by companies or individuals are not equal accordance with regional regulations in force, nor the Law in force so that the function of law in society indramayu not fit the mandate to establish a change and justice based Formulation public corporate criminal liability.Inskonsitensi happens to local regulation No.14 of 2006 makes no harmonized with the regulations of each other so that the impact of this inskonsistensi makes the sector particularly environmental law enforcement get uncertainties that result in coastal communities Indramayau.Conclusion Harmonization of regulations of the center and regions delivering the policy formulation of the rule of law area to comply with the regulations above in order to avoid inconsistency, the occurrence of this inconsistency resulted in the rule of law and justice for the indramayu, suggestion that the government should was nearly revise regulations related area, especially the government must dare to take action to give effect to the perpetrator deterrent effect rule-based running as well as possible.

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Inheritable testicular metabolic memory of high-fat diet causes transgenerational sperm defects in mice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88981-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Luís Crisóstomo ◽

Ivana Jarak ◽

Luís P. Rato ◽

João F. Raposo ◽

Rachel L. Batterham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sperm Quality ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Principal Component ◽

Testicular Tissue ◽

Sperm Parameters ◽

Metabolic Memory ◽

High Fat ◽

And Function ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe consumption of energy-dense diets has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities worldwide. The adoption of unhealthy feeding habits often occurs at early age, prompting the early onset of metabolic disease with unknown consequences for reproductive function later in life. Recently, evidence has emerged regarding the intergenerational and transgenerational effects of high-fat diets (HFD) on sperm parameters and testicular metabolism. Hereby, we study the impact of high-fat feeding male mice (F0) on the testicular metabolome and function of their sons (F1) and grandsons (F2). Testicular content of metabolites related to insulin resistance, cell membrane remodeling, nutritional support and antioxidative stress (leucine, acetate, glycine, glutamine, inosine) were altered in sons and grandsons of mice fed with HFD, comparing to descendants of chow-fed mice. Sperm counts were lower in the grandsons of mice fed with HFD, even if transient. Sperm quality was correlated to testicular metabolite content in all generations. Principal Component Analysis of sperm parameters and testicular metabolites revealed an HFD-related phenotype, especially in the diet-challenged generation and their grandsons. Ancestral HFD, even if transient, causes transgenerational “inherited metabolic memory” in the testicular tissue, characterized by changes in testicular metabolome and function.

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Are Bacterio- and Phytoplankton Community Compositions Related in Lakes Differing in Their Cyanobacteria Contribution and Physico-Chemical Properties?

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12060855 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 855

Author(s):

Mikołaj Kokociński ◽

Dariusz Dziga ◽

Adam Antosiak ◽

Janne Soininen

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Community Composition ◽

Phytoplankton Community ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Community Composition ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Research Attention ◽

Phytoplankton Community Composition ◽

The Impact ◽

Bacteria Communities

Bacterioplankton community composition has become the center of research attention in recent years. Bacteria associated with toxic cyanobacteria blooms have attracted considerable interest. However, little is known about the environmental factors driving the bacteria community, including the impact of invasive cyanobacteria. Therefore, our aim has been to determine the relationships between heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton community composition across 24 Polish lakes with different contributions of cyanobacteria including the invasive species Raphidiopsis raciborskii. This analysis revealed that cyanobacteria were present in 16 lakes, while R. raciborskii occurred in 14 lakes. Our results show that bacteria communities differed between lakes dominated by cyanobacteria and lakes with minor contributions of cyanobacteria but did not differ between lakes with R. raciborskii and other lakes. Physical factors, including water and Secchi depth, were the major drivers of bacteria and phytoplankton community composition. However, in lakes dominated by cyanobacteria, bacterial community composition was also influenced by biotic factors such as the amount of R. raciborskii, chlorophyll-a and total phytoplankton biomass. Thus, our study provides novel evidence on the influence of environmental factors and R. raciborskii on lake bacteria communities.

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Estimation of Determinants of Farmland Abandonment and Its Data Problems

Land ◽

10.3390/land10060596 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 596

Author(s):

Shinichi Kitano

Keyword(s):

Census Data ◽

Evaluation Research ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Third Party ◽

Objective Data ◽

Farmland Abandonment ◽

Subjective Data ◽

Research Attention ◽

Abandoned Farmland ◽

The Impact

Abandoned farmland is particularly problematic in developed countries where agriculture has a comparative disadvantage in terms of effective use of land resources invested over time. While many studies have estimated the causes of these problems, few have discussed in detail the impact of data characteristics and accuracy on the estimation results. In this study, issues related to the underlying data and the estimation of the determinants of farmland abandonment were examined. Most previous studies on farmland abandonment in Japan have used census data as the basis of their analyses. However, census data are recorded subjectively by farmers. To address this, surveys of abandoned farmland are being conducted by a third party, and the results are compiled into a geographic information system (GIS) database. Two types of datasets (subjective census data and objective GIS data) were examined for their estimation performance. Although the two sets of data are correlated, there are considerable differences between them. Subjective variables are compatible with subjective data, and objective variables are compatible with objective data (meaning that parameters are easily identified). Original data for analysis, such as policy variables, are compatible with objective data. In policy evaluation research, attention should be paid to objective data collection.

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Early-Life Development of the Bifidobacterial Community in the Infant Gut

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3382

Author(s):

Silvia Saturio ◽

Alicja M. Nogacka ◽

Marta Suárez ◽

Nuria Fernández ◽

Laura Mantecón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Early Life ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Its Region ◽

23S Rrna ◽

Delivery Mode ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Quantitative Changes ◽

The Impact

The establishment of the gut microbiota poses implications for short and long-term health. Bifidobacterium is an important taxon in early life, being one of the most abundant genera in the infant intestinal microbiota and carrying out key functions for maintaining host-homeostasis. Recent metagenomic studies have shown that different factors, such as gestational age, delivery mode, or feeding habits, affect the gut microbiota establishment at high phylogenetic levels. However, their impact on the specific bifidobacterial populations is not yet well understood. Here we studied the impact of these factors on the different Bifidobacterium species and subspecies at both the quantitative and qualitative levels. Fecal samples were taken from 85 neonates at 2, 10, 30, 90 days of life, and the relative proportions of the different bifidobacterial populations were assessed by 16S rRNA–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. Absolute levels of the main species were determined by q-PCR. Our results showed that the bifidobacterial population establishment is affected by gestational age, delivery mode, and infant feeding, as it is evidenced by qualitative and quantitative changes. These data underline the need for understanding the impact of perinatal factors on the gut microbiota also at low taxonomic levels, especially in the case of relevant microbial populations such as Bifidobacterium. The data obtained provide indications for the selection of the species best suited for the development of bifidobacteria-based products for different groups of neonates and will help to develop rational strategies for favoring a healthy early microbiota development when this process is challenged.

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Global warming and forest fires in Canada

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc69290-3 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 290-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Brian J. Stocks

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Forest Fire ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Fire Management ◽

Warming Trend ◽

Research Activities ◽

Forest Fire Management ◽

The Future ◽

Innovative Thinking ◽

The Impact

The looming possibility of global warming raises legitimate concerns for the future of the forest resource in Canada. While evidence of a global warming trend is not conclusive at this time, governments would be wise to anticipate, and begin planning for, such an eventuality. The forest fire business is likely to be affected both early and dramatically by any trend toward warmer and drier conditions in Canada, and fire managers should be aware that the future will likely require new and innovative thinking in forest fire management. This paper summarizes research activities currently underway to assess the impact of global warming on forest fires, and speculates on future fire management problems and strategies.

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Municipal response to the Great Recession

Journal of Public Budgeting Accounting & Financial Management ◽

10.1108/jpbafm-08-2018-0080 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 384-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cary Christian ◽

Jonathan Bush

Keyword(s):

Great Recession ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Property Tax ◽

Research Attention ◽

Content Type ◽

Service Levels ◽

The Great Recession ◽

Financial Condition ◽

The Impact ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the Great Recession on small- to medium-sized municipalities within the states of Georgia and Florida using a newly developed set of quantitative indices. Design/methodology/approach An examination of the methods and strategies utilized by individual cities to maintain public service levels despite distressed revenues is performed. From the data, performance measures are developed and used to evaluate the efficacy of the various strategies used by the cities. Outcomes of Georgia municipalities were compared to similarly sized Florida municipalities to study how underlying differences in tax structures and economies might have affected those outcomes. Findings Georgia and Florida municipalities relied on very different strategies for surviving the recession and its aftermath. Enterprise activities were critically important in both states with transfers to or from governmental activities rationalized in various ways. While Georgia is generally anti-property tax, more than half the Georgia municipalities relied on property tax increases to survive. Municipalities were unable to count on increased intergovernmental revenues during the recession. Finally, even with a tourist activity advantage, Florida municipalities fared only marginally better during and just after the recession, and fared worse four to six years post-recession. Practical implications The measures developed in this study provide a new, customizable methodology for the evaluation of financial condition that does not require in-depth comparisons to peers. Social implications Small- and medium-sized cities, and especially those in rural areas, are worthy of targeted research to better understand their unique problems. Originality/value This research is novel in utilizing a fiscal condition methodology that can be applied to a single municipality and does not require comparisons to peers for validity. However, it represents a very intuitive and customizable tool for making comparisons between municipalities of any size when such comparisons are desired. Additionally, the focus of this study is on small- to medium-sized municipalities which generally do not receive as much research attention as larger cities.

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Work Values and Its Impact on Managerial Effectiveness: A Relationship Study in Indian Context

Vision The Journal of Business Perspective ◽

10.1177/0972262916668713 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 300-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Geeta Rana ◽

Renu Rastogi ◽

Pooja Garg

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Work Values ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

Global Competition ◽

Managerial Effectiveness ◽

Research Attention ◽

Indian Context ◽

Relationship Study ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Competent managers are very important assets to any organization as they drive it to success through the challenges of global competition. Managerial effectiveness has gained much research attention in recent years due to its importance to the organization as a whole. The purpose of this study is to test the impact of work values on managerial effectiveness in Indian organizations. To this end, a survey was conducted on a sample of 300 managers working in different organizations in India. The article employs factor analysis, Pearson’s r and step-wise multiple regression analysis to determine the effect of work values on managerial effectiveness. Findings indicate that work values have a positive and significant relationship with managerial effectiveness. The study provides valuable implications for practitioners and researchers by providing a deep understanding of the relationship between work values and managerial effectiveness, and between the dimensions and aspects of the two constructs. Practitioners could use the findings of the study to identify which work values influence managerial effectiveness most and work towards incorporating those values in the organizational culture.

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