scholarly journals Psychosocial Problem among School-going Adolescents in Pokhara, Western Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Shila Banstola
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Psychosocial Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Academic School

Adolescence the second decade of life is the crucial period demanding significant adjustment to the physical and social changes. During this transitional period, if adequate care and attention is not given adolescents are prone to develop various psychosocial problems with long standingimpact. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of psychosocial problem and its associated factors among 360 adolescents studying in public schools of Pokhara Lekhnath Metropolitan City. Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 16 applying both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study revealed that 21.7 percent of adolescents had psychosocial problem. Adolescents who are facing physical/verbal abuse (p=0.000, OR: 13.54),who do not feel good about home environment (p=0.000, OR: 5.01), have high academic/school relates stress (p=0.000, OR:5.304), who do not stay with their parents (p=0.000, OR: 4.49), belonged to hardly sufficient family income (p=0.000, OR: 3.29), those from joint family (p=0.004, OR: 2.12), whose mothers are illiterate (p=0.027, OR: 1.96) and having disrupted marital status of parents (p=0.040, OR: 1.78) were more likely to have psychosocial problem. Hence, the combined effort of family and school team is essential to protect adolescents from developing psychosocial problem. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 6 (December 2017), page: 121-133

scholarly journals PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: DATA ON BRAZILIAN ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Cecília Bertuol ◽  
Kelly Samara da Silva ◽  
Rafael Miranda Tassitano ◽  
Adair da Silva Lopes ◽  
Markus Vinicius Nahas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychosocial Aspects ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Introduction Although the benefits of regular physical activity (PA) for adolescents are well-described in the literature, there is little evidence of the role of psychosocial aspects on levels of PA in this population. Objective To investigate the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with enjoyment of PA and preference for leisure-time activities in boys and girls. Methods A cross-sectional study, with 6529 adolescents (aged 15 to 19 years) enrolled in secondary education in public schools in the South of Brazil. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between sociodemographic factors and the variables of interest, with data collection using a standardized questionnaire. Results Boys enjoyed (87.1%) and preferred (44.4%) PA more than girls (enjoyment: 79.2%; preference: 29.5%). Among the boys, enjoyment was associated with family income(OR3-5 wages=1.53; OR≥6 wages=1.62) and, among the girls, it was associated with age (OR19 years=0.28), occupational status (ORworkers=1.45), and income (OR3-5 wages=1.35). Preference was associated with age (OR19 years=2.48) and income (OR≥6 wages=0.70) among the boys and, among girls, it was associated with area of residence (ORrural=1.47) and occupation (ORworkers=1.31). Conclusion Boys (enjoyment: 87.1%; preference: 44.4%) had more positive attitudes toward PA than girls (enjoyment: 79.2%; preference: 29.5%), and some sociodemographic variables appear to be more closely associated with these attitudes than others. Enjoyment was associated with family income for boys, and with age, occupation and income for girls. Preference, in turn, was associated with age and family income for boys, and area of residence and occupational status for girls. Level of evidence II, Diagnostic studies - Investigation of a diagnostic test.

Assessment of knowledge about oral cancer: study with students of public education

RSBO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete Rabaldo Bottan ◽  
Iara Fiorentin Comunello ◽  
Constanza Marín ◽  
Eduardo Mazzetti Subtil
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Introduction and Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge about oral cancer of students attending public school in one city of Santa Catarina (Brasil). Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, using primary data collection. Students of last year of elementary school and first year of high school, enrolled in public schools in the city of Itajaí (SC), in 2012, were the target population. The non-probability sample was obtained by convenience. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire structured with 13 questions divided into three fields. The level of knowledge was made based on pre-established scores. Results: 1149 instruments were analyzed (80.8% of the target population). The average age of the group was 15.5 years and 54.5% were female. The majority (78%) never had received information about oral cancer. Only 27.9% had cognizance about self-examination of the oral cavity. With regard to knowledge, 87.5% classified as unsatisfactory. For most issues the cognitive field did not identify a significant correlation between knowledge and the variables gender and education. When asked if they would like to participate in educational and preventive activitiesabout oral cancer and other issues related to health, 72.6% expressed interest. Conclusion: The group did not have adequate knowledge on the subject of oral cancer. Facing this reality, and the positive attitude of respondents, the researchers designed and offered an educational program to the research subjects.

Perceived Experiences of Community Violence Among Adolescents: A School Survey From Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110051
Author(s):  
Claudia L. de Moraes ◽  
Érika B. dos Santos ◽  
Michael E. Reichenheim ◽  
Stella R. Taquette ◽  
Luciane Stochero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interpersonal Aggression ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Management Actions

Community violence (CV) is a global public health problem due to its high frequency and severe consequences. Although CV is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents, little is known about the everyday CV situations that do not lead to death. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of exposure to and involvement in CV situations among adolescent students from public and private schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study of 693 individuals in their second year of high school selected through stratified multistage random sampling. Information about their exposure to and involvement in CV was collected through a self-completed multidimensional questionnaire in the classrooms. For approximately 30% of the adolescents, someone close to them had been murdered, and 40% had already seen the corpse of a victim of homicide. Seventeen percent reported having been directly involved in CV situations. Approximately 38%, 13%, and 25% had been victims of robberies, interpersonal aggression, and death threats to either themselves or their relatives, respectively. Many of these situations occurred more than once. In general, CV was more frequently reported by boys and by those who did not live with both parents. Adolescents from higher economic classes experienced more interpersonal aggression and felt a greater need to carry a gun. Those who belonged to the lower economic classes and studied in public schools were more exposed to lethal violence than other students. The results call attention to the very high percentage of adolescent students that are involved in CV situations as well as to the differences in violence rates among population subgroups. Such findings should be considered when planning CV prevention and management actions in schools and other socialization spaces for adolescents.

scholarly journals Food insecurity among the elderly: cross-sectional study with soup kitchen users

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Fernanda do Nascimento Jacinto de Souza ◽  
Letícia Marín-León
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Soup Kitchen

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether food insecurity is associated with the demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health conditions of the elderly. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 427 elderly (³60 years) from Campinas, São Paulo; half were users of a government-run soup kitchen and the others, their neighbors of the same sex. Food insecurity was measured by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Univariate multinomial logistic regression was used for calculating the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval to measure the association between the independent variables and food insecurity. Variables with p<0.20 were included in a multinomial model, and only those with p<0.05 remained. RESULTS: Most respondents (63.2%) were males; 15.2% and 6.6% were experiencing mild and moderate/severe food insecurity, respectively. The final model, adjusted for sex and age, showed that elderly with a total family income ≤2 minimum salaries (OR=3.41, 95%CI=1.27-9.14), who did not have a job (OR=2.95, 95%CI=1.23-7.06), and who were obese (OR=2.01, 95%CI=1.04-3.87) were more likely to be mildly food insecure. Elderly with cancer (OR=4.13, 95%CI=1.21-14.0) and those hospitalized in the past year (OR=3.16, 95%CI=1.23-8.11) were more likely to be moderately/severely food insecure. Finally, elderly living in unfinished houses (OR=2.71; and OR=2.92) and who did not consume fruits (OR=2.95 and OR=4.11) or meats daily (OR=2.04 and OR=3.83) were more likely to be mildly and moderately/severely food insecure. CONCLUSION: Food insecure elderly are more likely to have chronic diseases, poor nutritional status, and poor socioeconomic condition. Therefore, the welfare programs should expand the number of soup kitchens and develop other strategies to assure adequate nutrition to these elderly.

Attitude towards online classes among school and college going students during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3446
Author(s):  
Saurav Kumar ◽  
Shiv Prakash ◽  
Mona Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
College Going ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of the school and college-going students towards online classes. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted on 228 school and college-going students fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria selected through purposive sampling methods. A semi-structured online questionnaire consisting of a socio-demographic questionnaire and Attitude towards online classes (ATOC) questionnaire was prepared by the researcher using Google form. The link of the questionnaire was sent to all the selected respondents through WhatsApp messages and emails. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 20 software. The reliability of the attitude questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha test. The association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi-square tests. The comparison between variables was assessed using the students independent t-test.Results: More than half of the respondents (51.32%) were found with a positive attitude towards online classes. There was a significant association found between attitude towards online classes and socio-demographic variables such as age (p<0.05), academic level (p<0.05), and family income (p<0.01). The respondents who attended online classes (p<0.05), have technical knowledge (p<0.01), and got supported by their parents in the study (p<0.05) were found significantly high positive attitudes towards online classes. There was a significant difference found in the attitude of the respondents who faced psychological disturbances such as a decline in attention-concentration (p<0.05), irritation-anger (p<0.01), and tension (p<0.05) due to online classes.Conclusions: Although, online classes are more beneficial for the students and teachers in their academic activities during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic but it can’t take place of traditional face-to-face classes. 

Prevalence of vaginal candidiasis and associated factors in pregnant women with diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Doreen Macherera Mukona ◽  
Maxwell Mhlanga ◽  
Mathilda Zvinavashe
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monthly Family Income ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Diabetic Treatment ◽  
Living Children ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background/aims Vaginal candidiasis is commonly experienced by women with diabetes, but its prevalence is not well documented in Zimbabwe. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis and factors associated with diabetic treatment adherence in pregnant women with diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on a consecutive sample of 157 participants from a central hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe. A structured questionnaire and physical examination of the perineum were used to collect data. All procedures were conducted in privacy. Diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis was made clinically. Data were analysed using the Chi-squared test, with P<0.05 being significant. Results The prevalence of vaginal candidiasis was 19.7%. There was a significant association between monthly family income (P=0.041), parity (P=0.029) and number of living children (P=0.049) and the presence of vaginal candidiasis. Women with poor adherence to diabetic therapy were 3.95 times more likely to have vaginal candidiasis (P=0.002). Conclusions Individualised health education on glycaemic control and good perineal hygiene remains key in the prevention of vaginal candidiasis among diabetic pregnant women.

Quality of life of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Francis ◽  
Madeleine S Didsbury ◽  
Anita van Zwieten ◽  
Kerry Chen ◽  
Laura J James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Kidney Transplants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectiveThe aim was to compare quality of life (QoL) among children and adolescents with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and determine factors associated with changes in QoL.DesignCross-sectional.SettingThe Kids with CKD study involved five of eight paediatric nephrology units in Australia and New Zealand.PatientsThere were 375 children and adolescents (aged 6–18 years) with CKD, on dialysis or transplanted, recruited between 2013 and 2016.Main outcome measuresOverall and domain-specific QoL were measured using the Health Utilities Index 3 score, with a scale from −0.36 (worse than dead) to 1 (perfect health). QoL scores were compared between CKD stages using the Mann-Whitney U test. Factors associated with changes in QoL were assessed using multivariable linear and ordinal logistic regression.ResultsQoL for those with CKD stages 1–2 (n=106, median 0.88, IQR 0.63–0.96) was higher than those on dialysis (n=43, median 0.67, IQR 0.39–0.91, p<0.001), and similar to those with kidney transplants (n=135, median 0.83, IQR 0.59–0.97, p=0.4) or CKD stages 3–5 (n=91, 0.85, IQR 0.60–0.98). Reductions were most frequent in the domains of cognition (50%), pain (42%) and emotion (40%). The risk factors associated with decrements in overall QoL were being on dialysis (decrement of 0.13, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.25, p=0.02), lower family income (decrement of 0.10, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.15, p=0.002) and short stature (decrement of 0.09, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.16, p=0.02).ConclusionsThe overall QoL and domains such as pain and emotion are substantially worse in children on dialysis compared with earlier stage CKD and those with kidney transplants.

scholarly journals Stigma Related to Tuberculosis Among Patients Attending DOTS Clinics of Dharan Municipality

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Aryal ◽  
A Badhu ◽  
S Pandey ◽  
A Bhandari ◽  
P Khatiwoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Past History ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculosis Patient ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients

Background The patients suffering from tuberculosis are receiving shame and unfair treatment from the people living around them within their own society attending DOTS clinic of Dharan municipality. Objective To assess the stigma experienced by tuberculosis patients and to find out the association between stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patient and the selected variables (socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profile and illness experience). Methods Descriptive Cross Sectional study was done among sixty tuberculosis patients. Stratified random sampling was used to select the main center and sub center of Tuberculosis treatment and population proportionate simple random sampling using lottery method was done. Data was collected using predesigned, pretested performa from Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue developed by World Health Organization. Results The study revealed that 63.3% of the subjects were stigmatized. There was association between stigma and variables such as occupation, monthly family income and past history of Tuberculosis. There was also association of stigma with treatment phase, category of the patient and past outcome of illness. Conclusion Due to lack of knowledge and awareness about Tuberculosis, many patients were stigmatized. Efforts should be made to educate the public about Tuberculosis to reduce stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patients and improve the compliance of the patient. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL  VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 48-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6914

scholarly journals Associations between taste sensitivity, preference for sweet and salty flavours, and nutritional status of adolescents from public schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marize Melo dos SANTOS ◽  
Camila Santos MARREIROS ◽  
Herika Brenda Santana da SILVA ◽  
Ana Raquel Soares de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Kyria Jayanne Clímaco CRUZ
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sweet Foods ◽  
Low Sensitivity

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to investigate the associations between taste sensitivity, preference for sweet and salty flavours, and nutritional status of adolescents in public schools. Methods We used a cross-sectional study involving 1,036 adolescents of both sexes, aged 10-19 years. Preference for sweet or salty flavours and preference for foods high in sugar or sodium were evaluated. Measurements of body mass index and taste flavour intensity recognition were conducted. Results Most participants were unable to identify the flavours and/or intensities, and only 18.0% of participants were able to correctly identify both the flavour and intensity of the samples. Most participants (82.1%) preferring sweet foods had low sensitivity to this taste, just as a large proportion of individuals preferring saltiness (82.3%) were less sensitive to salt (p<0.001). Preference for saltiness was associated with pre-obesity. Conclusion We found an association between a preference for sweet or salty flavours and nutritional status, highlighting the importance of poor food choices in the development of obesity and other chronic diseases.

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