scholarly journals Studies on food preferences of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Mots. to different crops in Chitwan, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Sheela Devi Sharma ◽  
Resham Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Gopal Bahadur KC ◽  
Ghanashyam Bhandari ◽  
Sundar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
Randomized Design

Food preference by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky was studied on seven different crops and varieties including maize, wheat and rice. They were maize cultivars namely Arun-2, Manakamana-4, Deuti, buckwheat local cultivar, wheat cultivar namely Annapurna-1, polished rice-Radha 4 and unshelled rice cultivar Mansuli under storage condition at  Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from June 2013 to February 2014 . The hosts were tested using completely randomized design with three replications and were laid in free-choice and no-choice conditions. The maximum number of grain loss was recorded in wheat followed by polished rice respectively. Similarly, the highest weight loss was recorded in polished rice followed by Wheat in both conditions. F1 progeny emergence of weevil was highest in wheat followed by polished rice in free-choice and in no choice conditions, the highest progeny were emerged from polished rice followed by wheat. The lowest numbers of weevils emerged from rice in both conditions. Maximum germination losses were recorded in wheat (24.33%) and lowest in Arun-2 (9.67). The rice showed a relatively higher preference to maize weevil under storage condition.

scholarly journals Resistance of maize cultivars to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Aydano Virgínio Frazão ◽  
Paulo Roberto Ramalho Silva ◽  
Welton Aaron de Almeida ◽  
Emmanuel Viana Pontual ◽  
Glaucilane dos Santos Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Susceptibility Index ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Bovine Trypsin

ABSTRACT: Five Zea mays cultivars (BRS Caatingueiro, BRS Gorutuba, BRS Sertanejo, BRS Asa Branca and BR 106) were evaluated considering their effect on the nutrition of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, by analysis of total protein in adult fed with these cultivars and for the presence of lectins and trypsin inhibitors in grains. In addition, free-choice and no-choice assays were performed to investigate the resistance of grains of the Z. mays cultivars to an attack by S. zeamais. The BR 106 cultivar showed the lowest susceptibility index, followed by BRS Caatingueiro, BRS Asa Branca, BRS Sertanejo and BRS Gorutuba. The number of emerged adults in the Z. mays cultivars ranged from 213.17 to 74.0, and the lowest number of insects was recorded for the BR 106 cultivar. The insects were able to feed on grains of all cultivars, but the BR 106 cultivar showed the least reduction in dried biomass. Lectins were detected in extracts from BR 106, BRS Asa Branca, BRS Sertanejo and BRS Gorutuba, and the highest activity was shown by BR 106. The lowest protein assimilation was detected in the insects from treatments with BRS Asa Branca. The extracts from all cultivars were able to inhibit the activity of bovine trypsin, but this effect was not related to the resistance degree of Z. mays cultivars. The results suggest the resistance of BR 160 to the attack of S. zeamais, as well as indicating that the presence of lectin in the grains is the cause of this resistance.

scholarly journals CNSL Concentration and Natural Dyes Effects in Formulation of Botanical Pesticide on Sitophilus zeamais and Maize Seed Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dian Astriani ◽  
Wafit Dinarto ◽  
Aji Jatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Push Down

Maize is an important commodity in Indonesia and is vulnerable to maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) during storage which can cause a 100% yield loss. Chasew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is a botanical pesticide able to control S. zeamais. Increasing CNSL efficiency and effectiveness requires additional adjuvants, such as solvents and dyes. Natural dyes addition is intended to provide seed markers. This study aimed to determine the best CNSL and natural dye formulation to control maize weevil and maintain maize seeds quality during storage. The research was conducted from August to October 2018 at the Agronomy Laboratory, Faculty of Agroindustry, Yogyakarta Mercu Buana University. The research was a single factor consisted of seven treatments with four replications arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments were combinations of CNSL concentrations with the addition of natural dyes from suji leaf and teak leaves with one untreated control. The results of the research showed that CNSL as a seed treatment botanical pesticide could cause mortality and suppress S. zeamais populations and maintain the quality of maize seeds during storage for 12 weeks. Treatments with 20% CNSL formulation concentration and the addition of natural dyes both leaf pleomele or teak leaves could cause higher mortality and push down more populations and also could better maintain seed quality than 10 and 0% CNSL formulation concentrations.

scholarly journals The Insecticide Toxicity and Repelling Ability of Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix D.C) Leaf Extract on Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfia Wulansari ◽  
Nur Rochman ◽  
Setyono Setyono
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Insecticide Toxicity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch

Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. is a primary storage insect pest damaging maize grains. Control of S. zeamais can be done by applying biopesticide. This study was aimed at assessing the ability of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, as biopesticide, to kill and repel Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. The study was conducted at Entomology Laboratory, Seameo Biotrop in March to August 2018. A completely randomized design with three replicates in each rate of Jeruk Purut leaf extract was used. In preliminary pesticide toxicity experiment, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were applied. In preliminary repelling ability experiment, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were applied. In the main pesticide toxicity and repelling ability trial, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% were applied. Results showed that in 24 hour after treating (HAT) no significant effects were found. Significant effects of Jeruk Purut leaf extract as insecticide on S. zeamais were found in 48 and 72 HAT. The highest mortality rate (82.2%) of S. zeamais was found in 15% rate of Jeruk Purut leaf extract in 72 HAT. The application of Jeruk Purut leaf extract was not found to give significant effects on repelling S. zeamais in 24, 48, and 72 HAT as indicated in their sharply fluctuating repellent values. The highest repelling ability (95%) was found in the application of 9% Jeruk Purut leaf extract in 24 HAT. It was concluded that Jeruk Purut leaf extract was more potential as insecticide repellent for Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Key words: biopesticide, repellent, insecticide, maize, primary storage insect pest

scholarly journals CONTROL OF MAIZE WEEVIL WITH APPLICATION OF DIATOMACEOUS EARTH IN CORN GRAINS STORED IN DIVERSE TEMPERATURES

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-411
Author(s):  
Henrique Delevati Fagundes ◽  
Rafael Gomes Dionello ◽  
Lauri Lourenço Radünz ◽  
Francisco Wilson Reichert Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Weight Decrease ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Different Doses

The insect known as maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) is one of the most important pests of stored corn in Brazil. Among the various forms of control, one can highlight the use of inert powders, which has advantages of not providing risk to the environment or to human and animal health, besides not having reports of insect resistance. Thus, this work evaluated the effect of different doses of diatomaceous earth on the development of Sitophilus zeamais on two temperature conditions on corn grain storage. A completely randomized design was adopted in a factorial 4x2x4 (diatomaceous earth dose x storage temperature x storage time) dosage, with three replicates. The diatomaceous earth doses were: 0, 250, 500 and 1000 g t-1 and subsequently stored at temperatures of 22 and 30°C for 90 days. The bulk density decreased during the storage for all diatomaceous earth doses applied, but in inverse proportion to the dose increment. Diatomaceous earth has proven better efficiency in the control of S. zeamais, with increase in dose and storage temperature. Dry weight decrease was observed in all doses and storage temperatures evaluated, but it was more pronounced in those grains that have not received the application of diatomaceous earth.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening of Selected Botanicals and their Effectiveness Against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch.) at Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Susmita Gautam ◽  
Subodh Khanal ◽  
Dipak Khanal ◽  
Saroj Raj Mishra ◽  
Sunil Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Justicia Adhatoda ◽  
Artemisia Dubia ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch

Laboratory experiment was done to perform the phytochemical screening of six locally available botanicals (Azadirachta indica Juss, Artemisia dubia Wall, Lantana camara L, Parthenium hysterophorus L, Justicia adhatoda Linn. and Moringa oleifera L.) and their effectiveness to control the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.) at Agriecology lab of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi, Nepal. Seven treatments (leaf extract of A. indica, A. dubia, L. camara, P. hysterophorus. J. adhatoda and M. oleifera and distilled water as control) applied at 3 different doses (0.5, 1 & 2g/50g seeds) were arranged in CRD design with 3 replications. Result of mortality test of maize weevil revealed that, at highest concentration of L. camara powder (T17- 2g/50 gm seeds) mortality of maize weevil was observed up to 85% at 45 DAT. Whereas number of damaged grain was lowest in T17 (L. camara powder- 2g/50 gm seeds). The effectiveness of botanicals was found to increase with increasing the concentration. Besides that, Justicia adhatoda (2g/50g seeds) and Artemisia dubia (1g/50g seeds) were also found as good candidates to use for the control of Sitophilus zeamais. Qualitative tests done for the presence of various phytochemicals showed that Azadirachta indica Juss and Artemisia dubia Wall. were found to contain most of the tested metabolites among all botanicals. Most of those phytochemicals were extracted by the aqueous solution rather than other 3 menstrums used (acetone, methanol and petroleum ether). Similarly, quantitative test revealed that percentage of alkaloid was found 18.01%, 17.78%, 17.75%, 11.58%, 8.20%, 6.78% and flavonoid15.32%, 13.63%, 12.86%, 11.36%, 7. 51% 2.85% respectively in L. camara L. P. hysterophorus L., J. adhatoda Linn., M. oleifera L., A. indica Juss. and A. dubia Wall. Leaf extract of L. camera found to contain highest botanicals extract reach in alkaloid and flavonoid mayhave insecticidal property and could be use as grain protectant percentage of alkaloid (18.01%) as well as flavonoid (15.32%) So, it was concluded that the locally available against the maize weevil at storage condition in cost effective and eco-friendly manner; however, application at proper dose is necessary to maintain the efficacy at higher level.

scholarly journals Screening of promising maize genotypes against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulky) in storage condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-119
Author(s):  
Ram B Paneru ◽  
Resham B Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Varietal Improvement ◽  
Release Program ◽  
Different Response

The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) is a serious pest of economic importance in stored grains. It causes major damage to stored maize grain thereby reducing its weight, quality and germination. An experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications to screen 32 maize genotypes against maize weevil in no-choice and free-choice conditions at Entomology Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur (Room temperature: Maximum 24-32°C and Minimum 18-27°C). The findings showed that the maize genotypes had different response to maize weevil damage ranging from susceptible to tolerance. The genotypes Manakamana-3, Lumle White POP Corn and Ganesh-2 showed their tolerance to S. zeamais as evidenced by lower number of weevil emerged/attracted, lower amount of grain debris release and lower proportion of bored grains, while the genotype ZM-627 was the most susceptible to weevil damage in both tests. The other remaining genotypes were intermediate types. This information is useful to improve grain protection in storage and varietal improvement/release program.

scholarly journals Evaluation of freshly prepared juice from garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a biopesticide against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeanyi Daniel Nwachukwu ◽  
Elechi Franca Asawalam
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch

Abstract Freshly prepared garlic (Allium sativum L.) juice, containing the antimicrobial allicin, was evaluated as a possible grain pro-tectant against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.). Each experiment was set out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications, and there was a control treatment. Adult mortality and weight loss percentage were investigated. There was an observed increase in adult mortality following days of exposure in all treatments. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduced grain loss was also observed in all the treatments when compared with the control. The juice samples were freshly prepared from an indigenous Nigerian garlic cultivar (GUN) and a cultivar purchased from a supermarket in Germany (GAG). These garlic juice samples exhibited lethal effects causing at least 90% adult mortality in contact toxicity tests. The amount of allicin in GUN was 1.88 mg/ml according to High Pressure Liquids Chromatography (HPLC) analysis, while the amount of allicin in GAG was 3.50 mg/ml. This study highlights the potential of A. sativum containing allicin for biorational control of maize grains against S. zeamais infestation and damage.

Use of Essential Oil of Eucalyptus globulus Leaves against Sitophilus zeamais Motsch

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
J. Ngongo-Kapenga ◽  
S. Minga Kwete ◽  
S. Yefile-Mposhi ◽  
A. Kalonji-Mbangila ◽  
G. Mulumba-Badibanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
General Statistical

Aim: To assess in laboratory conditions, the efficacy of essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus leaves against the infestation due to maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, the main insect pest of stored maize grains.   Study Design: This study was conducted as two separate trials. Each trial was performed using a completely randomized design with 5 treatments repeated 3 times. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in the laboratory Unit of Phytopathology and Crop protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kinshasa, between February and April 2018.  Methodology: Two trials (in Petri dishes and in cotton bags) were conducted separately from each other, while treatments used were the same. Trials were conducted according to a completely randomized design with 5 treatments repeated 3 times. Treatments used corresponded to 5 different volumes (0, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ml) of essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus leaves. In each trial, data collected were the rate of S. zeamais mortality and percentage of maize grains damaged.  Results: In general, statistical analysis showed significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments used. There was variation over time of the percentage of S. zeamais mortality as a function of the volume of essential oil of E. globulus. The volume of 30ml of essential oil caused higher mortality compared to other treatments. The percentage of maize grains damaged increased on control, while it decreased on maize grains treated with essential oil of E. globulus leaves.      Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that essential oil of E. globulus leaves can help to protect maize grains stored against infestation due to maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais.

Use of Botanicals for Weevil Management: A Integrated Approach of Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) Management in A Storage Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
S. Tiwari ◽  
R. B. Thapa ◽  
S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Grain Damage

A study was conducted at Entomology Laboratory of Agriculture and Forestry University with the aim of evaluating the efficacy of potential plant materials to manage the maize weevil; Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from April to October 2015. The mean temperature and RH of storeroom during the experiment period was 29.37°C and 71.91% RH. A completely randomized design (CRD) was laid out with three replicates. Seven plant materials such as Acorus calamus (rhizome powder) @ 10gm kg-1, Azadirachta indica (seed powder) @ 10gm kg-1, Artemisia vulgaris (leaf dust) @ 10gm kg-1, Zanthoxylum alatum (fruit powder) @ 4gm kg-1, Melia azadirach (seed powder) @ 10gm kg-1, Justicia adhatoda (leaf dust) @ 10gm kg-1 and control were used as treatments. After six months, the lowest percentage maize weight loss (1.5) and lowest grain damage (1.43%) was observed in Acorus calamus treated grains. However, the highest grain damage percentage (18.02%) and weight loss (57.30%) was recorded in control treatment. Similarly, the lowest number of exit holes (3.30) was observed in Acorus calamus treated grains but highest (47.00) were recorded in control. Significantly more numbers of weevil were emerged (57.00) in control treatment whereas only a few (2.70) were recorded in Acorus calamus treated grains. Hence, it is concluded that maize weevil showed less preference to Acorus calamus treated grains with minimum weight loss and less grain damage as compared to other botanicals. This finding is important for promoting locally available botanical materials to manage maize weevil in Nepal.

scholarly journals Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae) extracts bioactivity against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
T. M. Pascutti ◽  
J. C. Guerreiro ◽  
A. P. Azevedo ◽  
R. R. Espessato ◽  
P. J. Ferreira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Preference Test ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Insect Attack ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Methods Of Control

The insect attack is one of the main factors responsible for the loss of corn grain stored after harvest, thus sustainable strategies such as natural extracts can be used as cheap methods of control. This study evaluated the effects caused by Spathodea campanulata nectar extracts on the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais to the preference test and mortality was used completely randomized design with 10 replications and treatments solutions of 0, 5, 10, 30 to 50% nectar under study. He noted that the preference index was lower in the first 3 hours of evaluation and the highest concentration of extract (50%), resulting in a possible repellent effect, but with the potential loss in subsequent evaluations. Already mortality was increased from the concentration of 30%, but the number of dead insects was low, indicating low efficiency. However, the percentage of perforated grains was reduced at the highest concentration and decreasing interfering insect feeding.

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