scholarly journals Nucleated Red Blood Cell in Cord Blood as a Marker of Perinatal Asphyxia

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Piush Kanodia ◽  
Nisha Keshary Bhatta ◽  
Rupa Rajbhandari Singh ◽  
Gauri Shankar Shah ◽  
Shankar Prasad Yadav ◽  
...  

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is a common problem with the incidence varying from 0.5 –2% of live births. According to World Health Organization, approximately 4 million babies die each year before they reach the age of one month. The number of NRBC/100 WBC is variable but is rarely greater than 10 in normal neonates. This simple test can be helpful in the rapid assessment of perinatal asphyxia. Material and Methods: This prospective case-control study and there were 82 newborns in Case and 82 newborns in Controls comprising of asphyxiated and nonasphyxiated neonates, respectively, over a period of 12 months. Results: Out of the 82 neonates in case group, fifty nine (59) neonates were found to have NRBC level ≥10/100WBC, out of which 58 (70.7%) were cases and 1(1.2%) was a control. NRBCs count of ≥10/100WBC were seen more in the newborn who had low 5 min Apgar score and in the newborn with severe HIE, these association were statistically significant (P value <0.001). The cut-off NRBC value of ≥10/100WBC also found to have a sensitivity of 70.30% with a specificity of 98.78%. NRBC has a positive predictive value of 98.31% with a negative predictive value of 77.14%. Significance and sensitive area for ROC curve was 0.875. The ROC curve was calculated with cut-off NRBC value of ≥10/100WBC.Conclusions: NRBC counts can be very useful to differentiate HIE newborns from non-HIE newborns which will help in appropriate management and better outcome of these newborns.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):264-268

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Mandeep Singh Khurana ◽  
Sunita Arora ◽  
Supriya Malik ◽  
Jasgobind Singh Gulati

Background: Perinatal asphyxia word derived from the greek word a-spyxos, meaning born without an evident pulse, is one of the most important causes of fetal distress. Inspite of major advances in technology and knowledge of fetal and perinatal medicine, it is one of the significant causes of mortality and long-term morbidity. World health organization (WHO) has defined perinatal asphyxia as a failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth. HIE is one of the most common complication in an asphyxiated neonate because of its serious longterm neuromotor sequalae among the survivors. A detailed classification of HIE staging in term neonate was proposed by Sarnat and Sarnat.Methods: The present study was prospective case control study conducted in neonatal intensive care unit of Department of Pediatrics at SGRD institute of medical sciences and research over a period of one year from September 2016 to august 2017. Total of 100 newborns among which 50 asphyxiated babies were designated to case group and rest 50 normal term babies to control group. The NRBC count of the case and control groups is compared. The NRBC’s of subjects belonging to different stages of HIE is then compared. The results were analysed statistically chi-square analysis for variance (qualitative analysis), t-test (compare mean NRBC’s in different stages) by SPSS version 20 software for biostatistic and p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Among total 100 babies included in the study, the male and female distribution was 22 (44%) and 28 (56%) in cases and 23 (46%) and 27 (54%) in controls respectively. In our study, the NRBC /100 WBC count for normal newborn was 0.88±1.35 and in case group it was 21.40±20.Conclusions: In present study, the cord blood NRBC count was shown to be a good predictor of perinatal asphyxia with sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 87.72%. NRBC’s can be used for early detection of HIE and its grading in asphyxiated neonates. 


Author(s):  
Martina Astari Martina Astari

ABSTRACT According to the World Health Organization (WHO 2010) approximately 99% of cases of maternal deaths occur during labor and postpartum. One of the causes of maternal death due to preeclampsia. Country - developing countries maternal mortality rate of 450 / 100,000 live births, this is a very high number. In the hospital Palembang obtained Muhammaddiyah severe preeclampsia incidence by 2013 as many as 85 cases. Many things that cause severe preeclampsia include maternal age, parity, educational level, employment. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of maternal age, parity, educational level, work simultaneously with perinatal death. This type of research is a case control study conducted retrospectively. The population in this study were all women giving birth in hospital Muhammadiyah Palembang in the year 2013 that berjumlah2565. The study sample totaled 225 respondents. In this study conducted univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyzes. From the analysis we found no association with maternal age incidence of severe preeclampsia (P Value 0.043 OR 1.799), no parity relationship with the incidence of severe preeclampsia (P Value 0.010 OR 0.617), no correlation with the incidence rate of severe preeclampsia education (P Value 0.027 OR 1.394) , there is a relationship how to work with the incidence of severe preeclampsia (P Value 0.024 OR 0.576), the most dominant variable is the age of the mother. It is suggested to the leadership of Muhammadiyah hospital Palembang is hoped to be able to further improve health care programs for women giving birth so as to prevent the occurrence of complications during labor and to increase outreach programs about the importance of prenatal care and provide knowledge about the complications - complications during childbirth to facilitate the birth process. References       : 16 (2002-2013)     ABSTRAK Menurut World Health Organization (WHO 2010) sekitar 99 % kasus kematian ibu terjadi pada masa persalinan dan pasca persalinan. Salah satu penyebab kematian ibu karena preeklamsia. Dinegara – negara berkembang angka kematian ibu sebesar 450/100.000 kelahiran hidup, ini merupakan angka yang sangat tinggi. Di Rumah Sakit Muhammaddiyah Palembang didapatkan kejadian preeklamsia berat pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 85 kasus. Banyak hal yang menyebabkan preeklamsia berat diantaranya umur ibu, paritas, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan umur ibu, paritas, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan secara simultan dengan kematian perinatal. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian case control study yang dilakukan secara retrospektif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu bersalin di rumah sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang pada Tahun 2013 yang berjumlah2565. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 225 responden. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan ada hubungan umur ibu dengan kejadian preeklamsia berat (P Value 0,043 OR 1,799), ada hubungan paritas dengan kejadian preeklamsia berat (P Value 0,010 OR 0,617), ada hubungan tingkat pendidikan dengan kejadian preeklamsia berat (P Value 0,027 OR 1,394), ada hubungan cara pekerjaan dengan kejadian preeklamsia berat (P Value 0,024 OR 0,576), Variabel paling dominan adalah umur ibu. Disarankan kepada pimpinan rumah sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang Diharapkan untuk dapat lebih meningkatkan program pelayanan kesehatan kepada ibu bersalin sehingga  mencegah terjadinya komplikasi selama persalinan serta meningkatkan program penyuluhan tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan kehamilan  dan memberikan pengetahuan mengenai komplikasi – komplikasi selama masa persalinan untuk memperlancar proses persalinan.


2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-210
Author(s):  
Salma Mohammed Abotaha ◽  
Amira Ahmed Khalid Humeida (MBBs- MD)

Background: In Sudan malaria is most commonly caused by infection with plasmodium falciparum, although by p.vivax. Malaria causes the most dangerous and highest rates of complication and mortality. Most malaria cases in 2018 were reported by the world health organization (WHO) in the African region(213 million cases of malaria or 93% of all malaria cases in the world and 70% is 5 years or younger). Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure and compare the mean of absolute lymphocyte count in malaria patients and control groups, and to determine positive and negative predictive values of lymphocytopenia in malaria patients. Methods: It was conducted on 100 subjects with malaria as cases and 100 subjects without malaria as controls, at EL Genina Hospital after obtaining the ethical approval and the subjects' consent. It was done by testing the CBC, differential counts, and absolute lymphocyte count then determining the means and p-values. The positive and negative predictive values were also determined. Results: It was found that the mean of TWBC count in the case group was(7,13109/l), and (7,84109/l)in the control group, the p-value was (0.150). The mean of lymphocytes differential in the case group was (20.73%)and (33.96%)in the control group, the p-value was (0.000). While the mean of the absolute lymphocytes counts in the case group was (1.39109/l), it was (2.56109/l)in the control group, with a p-value (0.000). This p-value indicated that there was significant lymphocytopenia in malaria patients. The positive predictive value was 83% and the negative predictive value was 69%. Conclusion: This study concluded that there was no significant lymphocytopenia in malaria patients and that lymphocytopenia cannot be used as the key hematological indicator of malaria infection. 


2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Oscar Alexander Gutierrez Lesmes ◽  
Laura Inés Plata Casas ◽  
Sandra Carolina Montaño Contreras

Introducción: El dengue es una de las diez causas de hospitalización más frecuentes en los servicios de urgencias de pediatría, en la atención sintomática se utiliza la Dipirona como antipirético, la guía clínica de manejo del dengue de la Organización Panamericana de  la Salud (OPS) evidencia restricciones para su uso en pacientes con dengue y según la Guía de Atención Clínica Integral del paciente con dengue, no se debe administrar en pacientes pediátricos. Objetivo: Determinar la relación de la Dipirona con casos de mortalidad en menores de 16 años con dengue en el Meta. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles basado en la mortalidad por dengue en menores de edad reportados al Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública del departamento del Meta,  años 2008 a 2011. Resultados: La razón de las ventajas (OR) evidencia que la mortalidad por dengue es 17,6 veces mayor en menores de edad que recibieron Dipirona con un intervalo de confianza de 95% entre 3,7-84,5 y un valor de P de 0,0002. Conclusión: El grupo de casos que recibió Dipirona en su tratamiento presentó una mayor mortalidad, la revisión de literatura no evidencia resultados sobre la relación de la Dipirona y mortalidad en niños con dengue, se debe seguir estudiando el fenómeno para contar con mayor evidencia científica.Abstract Introduction: Dengue is one of the ten most frequent causes of hospitalization in the emergency department of pediatrics where Dipyrone is used as an antipyretic in the symptomatic care. The clinical management guide for dengue of the Panamerican Health Organization (PHO) evidences restrictions for its use in patients with dengue, and according to the Integral Clinical Care Guide for patients with dengue, it should not be administered in pediatric patients. Objective: To determine the relationship between the uses of Dipyrone with the cases of mortality in children under 16 who suffered from dengue in Meta. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted based on mortality from dengue in minors reported to the Surveillance System in Public Health in the department of Meta, from 2008 to 2011. Results: The odds ratio (OR) shows that dengue mortality is 17.6 times greater in children Dipyrone treated with a confidence interval of 95% between 3.7 to 84.5 and a P value of 0.0002. Conclusion:  The case group who received Dipyrone in their treatment had a higher mortality. There is no evidence or results in the literature review about the relationship of Dipyrone and mortality in children with dengue. This phenomenon should continue to be studied to have greater scientific evidence.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Fera Riswidautami Herwandar ◽  
Russiska Russiska ◽  
Intan Maharani Fakhrudin

Permasalahan kesehatan pada remaja yang menduduki persentasi terbesar dibanding yang lainnya adalah gangguan menstruasi. Gangguan pada siklus menstruasi (durasi perdarahan yang lebih lama dan ketidakteraturan siklus) disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya ialah stres. Stres diketahui sebagai faktor-faktor penyebab (etiologi) terjadinya gangguan siklus menstruasi. Stres akan memicu pelepasan hormon kortisol dimana hormon kortisol ini dijadikan tolak ukur untuk melihat derajat stres seseorang. Hormon kortisol diatur oleh hipotalamus otak dan kelenjar pituitari, dengan dimulainya aktivitas hipotalamus, hipofisis mengeluarkan FSH dan proses stimulus ovarium akan menghasilkan estrogen. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja (PKPR) dibawah naungan World Health Organization (WHO) menyebutkan bahwa permasalahan remaja di Indonesia adalah seputar permasalahan yang mengenai gangguan menstruasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat stres dengan siklus menstruasi pada mahasiswa kebidanan tingkat I di STIKES Kuningan tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa kebidanan tingkat I di STIKES Kuningan tahun 2019 sebanyak 41 responden. Analisis yang digunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan tingkat stres dengan siklus menstruasi pada mahasiswa kebidanan tingkat I di STIKES Kuningan, dari 41 responden terdapat 18 (44%) responden yang mengalami stres sedang, pada siklus menstruasi yang tidak teratur terdapat 25 (61%) responden. Hasil uji rank spearman,  yakni p value = 0,01 (<0,05) yang ada hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan siklus menstruasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat stres dengan siklus menstruasi pada mahasiswa kebidanan tingkat I di STIKES Kuningan tahun 2019. Bagi institusi Pendidikan khususnya Program Studi Diploma III Kebidanan diharapkan dapat membuat sebuah program edukasi mengenai manajemen stres pada remaja yang bisa dilakukan secara rutin di luar jadwal perkuliahan.  


Author(s):  
Dini Kesumah Dini Kesumah

ABSTRACT According to World Health Organization Health Organization (WHO) in 2005 showed 49% of deaths occur in children under five in developing countries. Nutritional problems can not be done with the medical and health care approach alone. Causes related to malnutrition that maternal education, socioeconomic families, poor environmental sanitation, and lack of food supplies. This study aims to determine the relationship between education and socioeconomic status of families with nutrition survey using a cross sectional analytic approach, with a population of all mothers of children under five who visited the health center in Palembang Keramasan Accidental sampling Sampling the number of samples obtained 35 respondents. Variables include the study independent and dependent variables and univariate analysis using Chi-Square test statistic with a significance level α = 0.05. The results from 35 respondents indicate that highly educated mothers earned as many as 16 people (45.7%), and middle and upper income families as many as 12 people (34.3%) and bivariate test results show that highly educated respondents toddler nutritional status good for 81.3% (13 people) is larger than the less educated respondents balitanya good nutritional status 26.3% (5 persons) as well as respondents who have middle and upper socioeconomic families with good nutritional status of children at 91.7% ( 11 people) is larger when compared to respondents who have family socioeconomic medium with good nutritional status of children at 30.4% (7 people). Statistical tests show that education has a significant relationship with nutritional status of children P value = 0.004 and socioeconomic families have a meaningful relationship with nutritional status of children P value = 0.002. Based on the results of the study suggested the health professionals in the health center should further improve the education, information about the importance of nutrition to the development of the child in the mothers through the selection and processing of good food and a good diet through health centers and integrated health.   ABSTRAK  Menurut badan kesehatan World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2005 menunjukkan 49% kematian yang terjadi pada anak dibawah umur lima tahun di negara berkembang. Masalah gizi ini tidak dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan medis dan pelayanan kesehatan saja. Penyebab yang berhubungan dengan kurang gizi yaitu pendidikan ibu, sosial ekonomi keluarga, sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang baik,dan kurangnya persediaan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendidikan dan sosial ekonomi keluarga dengan status gizi balita dengan menggunakan metode survei analitik pendekatan secara Cross Sectional, dengan populasi semua ibu yang memiliki anak balita yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Keramasan Palembang dengan pengambilan sampel secara Accidental Sampling diperoleh jumlah sampel 35 responden. Variabel penelitian meliputi variabel independen dan dependen serta analisis univariat menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 35 responden didapatkan ibu yang berpendidikan tinggi sebanyak 16 orang  (45,7%), dan keluarga yang berpenghasilan menengah keatas sebanyak 12 orang (34,3%) dan hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa responden yang berpendidikan tinggi status gizi balitanya baik sebesar 81,3% (13 orang) lebih besar bila dibanding responden yang berpendidikan rendah status gizi balitanya baik 26,3% (5 orang) serta responden yang mempunyai sosial ekonomi keluarga menengah keatas dengan status gizi balita baik sebesar 91,7% (11 orang) lebih besar bila dibanding responden yang mempunyai sosial ekonomi keluarga menengah kebawah dengan status gizi balita baik sebesar 30,4% (7 orang). Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan status gizi balita P value = 0,004 dan sosial ekonomi keluarga mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan status gizi balita P value = 0,002. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan pada petugas kesehatan di Puskesmas hendaknya lebih meningkatkan penyuluhan-penyuluhan tentang pentingnya gizi terhadap tumbuh kembang anak pada ibu-ibu melalui cara pemilihan dan pengolahan bahan makanan yang baik serta pola makanan yang baik melalui kegiatan Puskesmas dan Posyandu.


Author(s):  
Leny Leny

ABSTRACT Prenatal care is health care by health personnel to care the pregnant according to standards. Worlrd Health Organization (WHO) estimates more than 500.000 women die during pregnancy or childbirth. Maternal mortality in Indonesia is 307 per 100,000 live births. The quantity of pregnant women’s visit in Kabupaten Banyuasin in 2009 of 89.1%. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between education and occupation with prenatal care at Puskesmas Mariana  Kecamatan Banyuasin I Kabupaten Banyuasin in 2011. This study uses analytic approach survey by Cross Sectional methods, the population are 1.946 pregnant women and the samples as many as 332 people. The results of univariate analysis study of pregnant women who are higher education as much as 45.2%, and  low maternal education as much as 54.8%. In pregnant women who work of 43.4%, and pregnant women who do not work for 56.6%. From the results of bivariate analysis and Chi-Square statistical tests found a significant association between education of pregnant women with prenatal care with P Value = 0.000, and there was a significant association between occupation of pregnant women with prenatal care with P Value = 0.000. Can be concluded that there is a relationship between education and occupation of pregnant women with prenatal care. Expected to health workers to provide counseling on the importance of prenatal care in pregnant women and expected future studies may explore again the factors associated with prenatal care with the different variables.   ABSTRAK Pemeriksaan kehamilan adalah pelayanan kesehatan oleh tenaga kesehatan untuk memeriksakan ibu hamil sesuai standar. World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan lebih dari 500.000 ibu pertahunnya meninggal saat hamil atau bersalin. AKI di Indonesia 307 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Jumlah kunjungan ibu hamil di Kabupaten Banyuasin tahun 2009 sebesar 89,1%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendidikan dan pekerjaan dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan di Puskesmas Mariana Kecamatan Banyuasin I Kabupaten Banyuasin tahun  2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, populasi ibu hamil dengan jumlah 1.946 orang dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 332 orang. Hasil penelitian Analisa Univariat adalah ibu hamil yang pendidikan tinggi sebanyak 45,2%, dan pendidikan rendah ibu hamil sebanyak 54,8%. Pada variabel pekerjaan ibu hamil yang bekerja sebesar 43,4%, dan ibu hamil yang tidak bekerja sebesar 56,6%. Dari hasil analisa bivariat dan uji statistik Chi-Square  didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara pendidikan ibu hamil dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan  P Value = 0,000, dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pekerjaan ibu hamil dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan P Value = 0,000. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pendidikan dan pekerjaan ibu hamil dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan. Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat memberikan penyuluhan tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan pada ibu hamil dan diharapkan penelitian yang akan datang dapat menggali lagi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan variabel yang berbeda.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Ardyana ◽  
Erma Puspita Sari

Latar belakang: Berdasarkan data World Health Organization (WHO) setiap tahunnya kira-kira 3%(3,6 juta) dari 120 juta bayi baru lahir mengalami asfiksia,hampir 1 juta bayi ini meninggal. Di Amerika diperkirakan 12.000 bayi meninggal atau menderita kelainan akibat asfiksia perinatal.Sebagian kasus Asfiksia Neonatorum pada bayi baru lahir merupakan kelanjutan dari asfiksia intrauterin. Maka dari itu,diagnosa dini pada penderita Asfiksia merupakan arti penting dalam merencanakan resusitasi yang akan dilakukan.Setelah bayi lahir, diagnosa asfiksia dapat dilakukan dengan menetapkan nilai APGAR. Tujuan: diketahuinya hubungan lilitan tali pusat,partus lama dan plasenta previa dengan kejadian Asfiksia neonatorum di Rumah Sakit “P” Palembang Tahun 2018. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian seluruh ibu bersalin di zal kebidanan di Rumah Sakit “P” Palembang pada tahun 2018 yang berjumlah 820 orang. Hasil: Hasil analisis univariat diketahui yang mengalami asfiksia neonatorum sebanyak 20 responden (22,5%),yang mengalami plasenta previa sebanyak 15 responden(16,9%),yang mengalami partus lama sebanyak 20 responden (22,5%) dan yang mengalami lilitan tali pusat sebanyak 27 responden (30,3%).Sedangkan hasil uji chi square menunjukan ada hubungan plasenta previa dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum dengan p value = 0,000,ada hubungan partus lama dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum dengan p value = 0,000,dan ada hubungan lilitan tali pusat dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum dengan p value = 0,000. Saran: kepada Pimpinan Rumah Sakit untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan khususnya mengenai bahaya asfiksia neonatorum. Kata kunci : Lilitan Tali Pusat,Partus Lama,Plasenta Previa,Asfiksia Neonatorum


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110133
Author(s):  
Samar Fares ◽  
Merihan M. Elmnyer ◽  
Shimaa Sabry Mohamed ◽  
Radwa Elsayed

Introduction COVID-19 pandemic has affected the whole world, especially the frontline worriers. To get shielded through this war, the world is racing to reach and manufacture COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccination hesitancy is one of the significant obstacles to global health. Objectives This study aimed to assess the perception and attitude of healthcare workers in Egypt toward COVID-19 vaccines, acknowledge the determinants of their attitude, and the factors that could increase the acceptance of the vaccine. Methods an observational web-based anonymous survey was conducted on 385 Egyptian healthcare workers in different governorates. The questionnaire-based on Vaccine Hesitancy Survey Questions of the World Health Organization was available in Arabic and English languages and was tested for reliability. Results Regarding vaccination decision, 51% of the participants were undecided, 28% refused, and 21% accepted vaccination. Reasons for vaccine acceptance mainly were risks of COVID-19 (93%), safety (57.5%), and effectiveness (56.25%) of the vaccine. Simultaneously, the reasons for vaccine hesitancy were the absence of enough clinical trials (92.4%) and fear of side effects of the vaccine (91.4%). The leading factor that could increase vaccination acceptance among the participants was to get sufficient and accurate information about the available vaccines. The participants revealed a high mean level of concern for COVID-19 vaccines’ safety (3.8 of 5) that differs significantly among the different study groups ( P-value .002). Conclusion Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, only approximately 21% of Egyptian healthcare workers in our study accepted the COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy represents a major barrier to implementing vaccination programs.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ssempijja ◽  
Larry W Chang ◽  
Gertrude Nakigozi ◽  
Anthony Ndyanabo ◽  
Thomas C Quinn ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Viral load (VL) monitoring is standard of care in HIV-infected persons initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We evaluated the predictive value of VL measurements at 6 and 12 months after initiation of firstline ART to estimate the future risk of virologic failure (VF). Methods HIV-infected persons with VL measurements at 6 and 12 months post-ART initiation and at least 2 additional VL measurements thereafter were assessed for risk of future VF, defined per World Health Organization guidelines. VL at 6 or 12 months post-ART was categorized into &lt;400, 400–1000, 1001–2000, and &gt;2000 copies/mL. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare VF incidence associated with 6-month, 12-month, and a composite of 6- and 12-month VL prediction indicators. Results Overall, 1863 HIV-infected adults had a 6- and 12-month VL measurement, and 1588 had at least 2 additional VLs thereafter for predicting future VF. The majority (67%) were female (median age: females 33 years and males 37 years). At 12 months post-ART, 90% had VL&lt;400 copies/mL (cumulative incidence of VF at 1.5%), 3% had 400–1000 copies/mL (VF 12%), 2% had 1001–2000 copies/mL (VF 22%), and 5% had &gt;2000 copies/mL (VF 71%). The predictive value of the 12-month VL measurement was comparable to the composite of both the 6- and 12-month VL measurements and better than the 6-month VL measurement. Conclusions At 12 months after ART initiation, 90% of patients were virally suppressed with a low likelihood of future VF. VL measurement at 12 months post–ART initiation predicts risk of VF and could inform differentiated virologic monitoring strategies.


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