scholarly journals Pattern of Constipation and Response to Polyethylene Glycol in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
Sudip Saha ◽  
Kallol Bose ◽  
Kallol Das ◽  
Dhrubojyoti Mridha ◽  
Ira Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Fecal Impaction ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Polyethelene Glycol ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction: Constipation is a common problem in children with worldwide prevalence between 0.7% and 29.6%.Materials and Methods: Total number of children was 232 out of which 16 were discarded due to loss in follow up. Inclusion criteria: Any child aged one month to ten years presenting with constipation. We used NASPGHAN definition of constipation. Exclusion criteria: Critically sick and hemodynamically unstable patients were excluded from the study. Data were collected for age, sex, duration of constipation, symptoms and signs such as stool frequency, stool consistency, pain during defecation, presence of blood in stool, fecal and urinary incontinence, and presence of fecal impaction or an abdominal mass. Clinical evaluation (history and physical examination) of all patients was done by the same physician to avoid bias in clinical finding. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was tried in all patients in a dose of 0.3 to 2.1g/kg. Response was defined as passage of at least one semisolid stool without discomfort with use of PEG for at least 4 weeks.Results: In our prospective study done on 232 patients with constipation over three year period (dividing patient’s into1month to 5months, 6months to 5year and 6 years to 10 years) revealed that constipation is mostly prevalent in 6 months to 5 year age group with slight male preponderance. Most of them had symptom onset after six months of age. Commonest symptom was hard stool in general (79.6%) but prevalence of pain abdomen increases with age and peaks in above five year group. Commonest sign is palpable fecal mass. Complications-urinary dysfunction, fecal incontinence, fissure are common in older age group. Functional constipation was the commonest cause (96.2%). Hirschprung disease was diagnosed in 1.4%. Polyethylene glycol shows good response in above 6 months of age groups.Conclusion: Functional constipationis the commonest cause of constipation. Mostly affected group is six months to five years. Polyethelene Glycol is an effective treatment especially after six months.  J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(3):263-267.

scholarly journals Functional constipation in young children: causes, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies

2018 ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
N. M. Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The article gives a modern definition of constipation and working classification used in Pediatrics; frequency of defecation and qualitative characteristics of stool depending on age and type of feeding are presented. Particular attention is paid to the reasons for the development of functional constipation in young children, diagnostic criteria in accordance with the Rome consensus IV revision (2016) and tactics of management of children with constipation. Part of the information is devoted to the use of osmotic laxatives. The main mechanism of action of polyethylene glycol and its advantages in stopping constipation in infants older than 6 months are shown. age’s.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Parental Burnout: Parents Locked Down but Not More Exhausted

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110300
Author(s):  
Sarah Le Vigouroux ◽  
Astrid Lebert-Charron ◽  
Jaqueline Wendland ◽  
Emilie Boujut ◽  
Céline Scola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Parenting Role ◽  
At Home

Lockdowns put in place in response to the COVID-19 health crisis have changed daily functioning for families and potentially the emotional experience of individuals in their parenting role. Our study aimed to highlight the importance of the environmental consequences associated with lockdowns on parental burnout. We compared data on parental burnout levels from two French samples: the first collected in 2018 ( N = 1332) and the second collected during the last month of lockdown ( N = 522). Our results show that parents included during the lockdown period reported significantly, but slightly, higher saturation (a dimension of the parental burnout construct) than parents included 2 years earlier. However, the number of children per age group, maintaining employment, and having to provide schooling at home are not variables that explain differences in the level of parental burnout between our two samples. Our results are discussed with regard to the risk factors identified and the French context.

TO DETERMINE THE PREVALENCE AND OCCURANCE OF VISUAL MORBIDITY IN PATIENTS OF PTERYGIUM ATTENDING EYE OPD IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF EASTERN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Vandana Parasar ◽  
Vidyabhushan Kumar ◽  
Ankita Singh ◽  
Nilesh Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Uvb Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Trends

To determine the prevalence and occurrence of visual morbidity in patients of pterygium attending eye opd in a tertiary care centre of Bihar. Methods: In this observational study a total of 193 patients, diagnosed with pterygium, underwent complete ocular examination by an ophthalmologist. Epidemiological trends including age, sex, occupation, effect of living condition and socioeconomic status were analyzed. Results: There is a male preponderance of 58.03%. The age incidence of the group showed that the incidence of pterygium was 10.36% in the age group of less than 30 years. It rises to a maximum of 29.53% in the age of 41-50 years and then gradually declines.. The incidence was found to be maximum among farmers(39.86%) followed by miners(31%). Conclusion: People who work outdoors are at a greater risk because they are subjected to involuntary UVB exposure. The highest exposure occurs during the two hours on either side of noon. Workers must be aware and should take appropriate measures like wearing protective glasses, caps, etc

PUBLIC HEALTH

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
George M. Wheatley ◽  
Stephen A. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
United States Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Number Of Children

IN ALL COUNTRIES for which there are vital statistics, accidents are a major cause of death and disability among children. In countries where the food supply is adequate and infectious diseases have been brought under control, accidents have become the leading cause of death in the age group 1 to 19 years. For example, in such countries as Australia, Canada, Sweden, West Germany, and the United States, more than one-third of all deaths in this age group are caused by accidents. The number of children who are injured by accidents fan exceeds the number who are killed. Although no accurate international figures are available, the Morbidity Survey conducted by the United States Public Health Service indicates that in the United States, for every child under 15 killed by accident, 1,100 children are injured severely enough to require medical attention or to be restricted in their activity for at least a day.

A PROSPECTIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH DYSFUNTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Mangal Supe ◽  
Anup Arun Gundecha
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Endometrial Pattern ◽  
Considerable Morbidity

Background: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is dened as abnormal uterine bleeding not caused by any pelvic pathology, medications, pregnancy related complications or any systemic disease. It is the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. It affects pubertal adolescents and perimenopausal women and is associated with considerable morbidity and affects patient’s family, personal and social life. Patient presents as menorrhagia, polymenorrhea, metrorrhagia or intermenstrual bleeding. It has great variations in endometrial patterns each deciding treatment modality. Objective: To determine frequency of various types of abnormal uterine bleeding and analyze the histopathology of endometrial curettage samples. Method: A prospective analytical study was conducted from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019 on sample of 650 patients between 20-70 years of age with symptoms of dysfunctional uterine bleeding presenting to medical college and hospital, Pimpri. Their endometrial samples were obtained by dilatation and curettage. To have a broader analysis the endometrial histopathology on hysterectomy specimens where the clinical diagnosis was DUB were also included in the study. Data obtained was tabulated and analyzed. Conclusion: The age group 31-40 and 41-50 years was the most common age group presenting with DUB. The predominant pattern of presentation was menorrhagia. The most common endometrial pattern on histopathology was proliferative type.

scholarly journals COLORECTAL CARCINOMA

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 566-570
Author(s):  
AYAZ GUL ◽  
SYED IFTIKHAR ALAM ◽  
RASHID ASLAM ◽  
Waqar Alam
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Histologic Types ◽  
Hospital Study

Objective: Colorectal cancer is the second commonest cause of death in the world. Its incidence in young patients is on rise. Objective: To determine the common types of colorectal carcinoma in patients below 40 years of age presenting to tertiary care level hospital. Study Design: Descriptive study Setting: It was carried out at Surgical Department, KTH, Peshawar Period: January 2007 to January 2008. Materials and methods: Total of 50 patients younger than forty years of age with colorectal cancer were included in study for the determination of histologic types. Results: There were 66% males and 34% were females. The commonest affected age group was 31-35 years old having 46% cases. On history 86% patients complained of altered bowel habits and on clinical examination anemia was present in 72% patients. Left and right sided tumors were found in 70% and 30% patients respectively. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest type found in 94% cases followed by lymphoma (4%). Conclusions: The incidence in young age group (≤ 39 years) was highest There was slight male preponderance. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest tumor.

scholarly journals Association of type of tuberculosis with treatment outcome among paediatric tuberculosis patients in Bhopal city

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4205
Author(s):  
Sheloj Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Paediatric Tuberculosis

Background: Tuberculosis causes ill-health among millions of people each year and ranks as the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide, after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).The younger the child, the more are the chances of complications and death from the disease. The objective of the study was to find out the association of type of tuberculosis with the treatment outcome of paediatric TB patients registered under RNTCP in Bhopal city.Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in all tuberculosis treatment units (TU) of Bhopal city. All paediatric patients in the age group of 0 to 14 years diagnosed as TB and registered under RNTCP and fulfilling inclusion criteria during January 2013 to June 2013 were included in the study. Data regarding paediatric TB patients was collected by using a structured questionnaire. Information was also obtained in two subsequent visits of the patient, one at the end of intensive phase to know the response of treatment and other at the end of the treatment for treatment outcome. The data was analysed on statistical software SPSS vs.20.Results: The present study was conducted on 165 paediatric Tuberculosis patients who were registered for DOTS treatment under RNTCP. Pulmonary TB is common in all the age group of <1 and 1-10 years. Out of 165 paediatric patients,93.33% of patients were treatment completed in which 54.54% were pulmonary cases and 45.45% were extra pulmonary while 4.84% were declared cured, thus showing statistically significant association (X2=9.758 and p=0.04, df=4) between type of Tuberculosis and treatment outcome.Conclusions: Pulmonary TB is common in the age groups of <1 and 1-10 years while in 11-14 years of age group extra pulmonary TB is more common. There is statistically significant association between type of Tuberculosis and treatment outcome. 

scholarly journals Estimating the number of children in households with substance use disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Kraus ◽  
Alfred Uhl ◽  
Josefine Atzendorf ◽  
Nicki-Nils Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background Parental substance misuse is reported to endanger the health and psychological development of children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to estimate the number of children currently affected by substance use disorders (SUDs) of any adult living in the same household. Methods Data came from the 2018 German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA) among 18-64-year-olds (n = 9,267) and from population statistics. DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were used to assess SUD (abuse or dependence) related to tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine or amphetamine. Based on the number of household members, the number of children below the age 18 years and the information on SUD status of the respondent living in this household, the number of children in households with at least one member with SUD was estimated. Results In 2018, there were 13,597,428 children younger than 18 years living in Germany. Of these, 5.2–7.9% (686,482–696,279) were estimated to live in households where at least one adult had an alcohol-related disorder, 5.0–7.4% (674,065–690,792) in households where at least one adult was tobacco dependent and 0.38–1.05% (93,229–142,141) in households where at least one adult had a disorder related to the use of illicit drugs. The total number of children in close contact with SUD adults was estimated at 7.4–11.2% (1,000,725–1,522,667). Conclusions The large number of children affected by adults with SUD has implications for identification and prevention. Substantial variation in estimates, resulting from differences in methods, definition of exposure and exposure to whom, calls for international standardization in order to make estimates comparable.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological study on presentation, diagnosis and management of liver abscess in Bhopal region

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2572
Author(s):  
Anshul Siroliya ◽  
Mahendra Damor ◽  
M. C. Songra
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Pyogenic Liver Abscess ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Catheter Drainage ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Amoebic Abscess

Background: This prospective observational study is carried out to study cases of liver abscess and to determine demographic profile, spectrum of clinical presentations, aetiology, laboratory investigations. The objective of the study was to evaluate efficacy of Ultrasonographic (radiological) studies in determining the aetiology and in differentiating from other liver pathologies which may change the treatment outcome, bacteriological and serological characteristics, to study the influence of alcohol, diabetics and immunocompromised diseases (esp. HIV) leading to increased incidence of liver abscess and to evaluate efficacy, recurrence rate, complications, morbidity and mortality, duration of hospital stay associated with different management Strategies.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in Department of Surgery, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal and Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal between July 2015 to October 2016.Results: Amoebic abscess (74%) is more common than pyogenic abscess (26%). Amoebic abscess is common in the age group of 31-50 years (73%), pyogenic in the age group of 51-70 years (73.1%). Male preponderance is found in case of amoebic liver abscess (90.5%). Right lobe involvement in common. Right upper quadrant pain, tenderness and fever are the most common clinical features. Alcoholism is most common risk factor (71.6%) and diabetes mellitus has strong association with pyogenic liver abscess (15.4%). E coli (19.2%) and klebsiella (11.5%) are the most common organisms cultured. Medical therapy is more useful in case of amoebic liver abscess (58.1%) while catheter drainage is more useful in case of pyogenic liver abscess (61.5%). Pleuropulmonary complications are much more common and complications rate is more common among pyogenic group.Conclusions: In our study, alcohol was found to be the most common predisposing factor for liver abscesses (68%), this underpin the finding of other studies. Amoebic liver abscess is a medically treated common infection prevailing in unhygienic condition, affecting people mostly between 30-40 years of age whereas pyogenic liver abscess patient commonly falls between 50-70 years age group. Both liver abscesses show a male preponderance. The present study also corroborates the catheter drainage procedure as a superior modality in treating pyogenic liver abscess.

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