scholarly journals Epidemiological and Clinical Profile of COVID-19 in Nepali Children: An Initial Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Arun K Sharma ◽  
Ram H Chapagain ◽  
Krishna P Bista ◽  
Roma Bohara ◽  
Bharat Chand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Initial Experience ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Slow Rise ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government

Introduction: COVID-19 has spread all around the world with huge toll of human lives and suffering since it evolved in China. Nepal had slow rise in morbidity due to COVID 19 in early days but has been gripped by the pandemic's exponential growth lately. This study was conducted with the aim to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of Nepali children in early phase of the pandemic. Methods: This was an observational study conducted at 11 COVID care centres designated by the Government of Nepal with availability of supervision by paediatricians between January and August 2020 in children under 18 years of age diagnosed with COVID 19. Data was collected based on definitions outlined in data collection resources available at WHO-ISARIC Global COVID-19 clinical resources platform and analysed. Results: One hundred and twenty one children diagnosed with COVID 19 who presented to the designated centres were enrolled. Majority of children (83.4%) were identified as a part of contact tracing, 28.1% had an identified contact to a person with COVID 19 prior to their diagnosis and 20.7% had another household member diagnosed with COVID 19. The mean age of admitted children was 8.8 years (SD 5.6 years) with the largest proportion being adolescents (40.5%).  Male (58.7%) children were more commonly affected. There were 15 (12.4%) infants and 8 (6%) of them were under two months of age. Most children (87, 71.9%) were asymptomatic, 21 (22.3%) had mild symptoms and six (4.9%) had moderately severe symptoms. Fever (18.2%) was the most commonly reported symptom. All children were discharged after a median of 14 days of hospitalisation. Conclusions: Nepali children of all ages are affected by COVID 19 and present with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infection. Fever and respiratory symptoms are the most commonly reported symptoms.  Most children do not develop complications. Continued surveillance in larger population of children as the pandemic unfolds will generate more stringent observations.

THE POLITICS OF FOOD DISTRIBUTION DURING THE COVID-19 LOCK DOWN IN UGANDA.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 221-234
Author(s):  
Madinah Nabukeera
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Attempted Murder ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
At Home

In face of the Novel Covid-19 pandemic that has swept the world, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni issued clear rules; stay at home unless it’s an emergency, wash your hands, sanitize, report any related cases for contact tracing and testing. In his directive all passenger services were stopped including private vehicles and imposed a curfew 7 pm until 6:30 a.m., which made stay at home orders mandatory. Majority of Ugandan urban dwellers are hand-to -mouth and live off their capability to move to town centers daily a small interruption in their routine means many went hungry. The government of Uganda broadcasted measures to distribute relief food items to troubled and vulnerable population mainly in the towns since those in the country sides are able to grow food and provide for their families. This article articulates the politics in the food in Wakiso and Kampala districts in Uganda why there was bias. The study used the selected all documents related to food distribution using content analysis and results indicated that anyone found distributing food outside the national covid-19 task force will be charged with attempted murder hence stopped politicians from strategizing ahead of 2021 parliamentary, presidential and local elections which implied that Covid-19 disrupted over 134 districts in the country in line with the preparation of elections and left majority hungry.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases among Indians residing in Kuwait

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagan K. Baskaradoss ◽  
Aishah Alsumait ◽  
Shaheer Malik ◽  
Jitendra Ariga ◽  
Amrita Geevarghese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Indian Community ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Serial Interval ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Close Contacts

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread to most countries around the world. Disproportionate spread of COVID-19 among the Indian community in Kuwait prompted heightened surveillance in this community. Aims: To study the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients and their contacts among the Indian community in Kuwait. Methods: Data collection was done as a part of contact tracing efforts undertaken by the Kuwaiti Ministry of Health. Results: We analysed contact-tracing data for the initial 1348 laboratory-confirmed Indian patients and 6357 contacts (5681 close and 676 casual). The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 39.43 (10.5) years and 76.5% of the cases were asymptomatic or had only mild symptoms. Asymptomatic patients were significantly older [40.05 (10.42) years] than patients with severe symptoms [37.54 (10.54) years] (P = 0.024). About 70% of the patients were living in shared accommodation. Most of the close contacts were living in the same household, as compared with casual contacts, who were primarily workplace contacts (P < 0.001). Among the different occupations, healthcare workers had the highest proportion of cases (18.4%). Among the 216 pairs of cases with a clear relationship between the index and secondary cases, the mean serial interval was estimated to be 3.89 (3.69) days, with a median of 3 and interquartile range of 1–5 days. Conclusion: An early increase in the number of COVID-19 cases among the Indian community could be primarily attributed to crowded living conditions and the high proportion of healthcare workers in this community.

scholarly journals COVID-19 on the Nile: Review on the Management and Outcomes of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Arab Republic of Egypt from February to August 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Yai-Ellen Gaye ◽  
Christopher Agbajogu ◽  
Reida El Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
International Health ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

As the world fights the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that over 17 million people globally were infected with SARS-CoV-2 as of 1 August 2020. Although infections are asymptomatic in 80% of cases, severe respiratory illness occurs in 20% of cases, requiring hospitalization and highly specialized intensive care. The WHO, under the International Health Regulations, declared this pandemic a public health emergency of international concern; it has affected nearly all health systems worldwide. The health system in Egypt, similar to many others, was severely challenged when confronted with the need for urgent and major expansion required to manage such a significant pandemic. This review uses publicly available data to provide an epidemiological summary of the COVID-19 pandemic behavior during the first wave of the outbreak in Egypt. The article covers mathematical modeling predictions, Egypt’s healthcare system, economic and social impacts of COVID-19, as well as national responses that were crucial to the initial containment of the pandemic. We observed how the government managed the outbreak by enhancing testing capacity, contact tracing, announcing public health and social measures (PHSMs), as well as allocating extra funds and human resources to contain SARS-COV-2. Prospectively, economic losses from major sources of revenues—tourism, travel, and trade—may be reflected in future timelines, as Egypt continues to control cases and loss of life from COVID-19. Overall, trends indicate that the spread of COVID-19 in Egypt was initially contained. Revalidation of prediction models and follow-up studies may reveal the aftermath of the pandemic and how well it was managed in Egypt.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of management of acute cholecystitis during the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic

MOJ Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Belén Matías-García ◽  
Ana Sánchez-Gollarte ◽  
Ana Quiroga-Valcárcel ◽  
Fernando Mendoza-Moreno ◽  
Javier Mínguez-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Early Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: COVID-19 infection has spread throughout the world and is considered a pandemic. Since its appearance, the number of non-COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals has decreased and patients differ care for emergency diseases. We analyze the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic on the management of acute cholecystitis. Material and methods: Retrospective observational study that includes all patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis during the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic (period between March 11th and June 21st, 2020) and patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis in the same period, the previous year in our center. Patient’s features, management, postoperative complications and mean hospital stay were compared. Results: In 2020, 19 patients with acute cholecystitis were diagnosed compared to 21 who were registered in the same period in 2019. The mean number of days from symptoms onset in 2020 was 2.42±1.8 days, while in 2019 it was 3.5±3.1 days (p=0.32). The percentage of cholecystectomies, percutaneous cholecystostomies and conservative management was similar in both periods. Among patients who underwent cholecystectomy in 2020, 37.5% had no complications, 62.5% had accidental opening of the gallbladder, and none had bleeding. Among patients who underwent cholecystectomy in 2019, 81.8% had no complications, 9.09% had accidental opening of the gallbladder, and 9.09% presented bleeding. The mean stay in 2020 was 4.21±3.2 days, compared to 8.57±7.4 days in 2019 (p=0.005). Two patients of 19 diagnosed with acute cholecystitis in 2020 had COVID-19 disease. Conclusion: The mean stay of the patients was shorter in 2020 period. These results can be explained by an early surgical management. So, early laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be considered as a treatment for acute cholecystitis in COVID-19 times if the clinical and hospital situation allows it. We found no differences in the number of patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis between the two periods, nor in the mean number of days from the onset of symptoms.

scholarly journals A study on health profile of manjha makers in district Bareilly

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Huma Khan ◽  
Atul Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Silica Dust ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Unorganized Sector ◽  
Glass Dust

Background: Bareilly is famous for its manjha all over the world. More than 20,000 workers are engaged in the making the Manjha in Bareilly which is an important unorganized sector in western Uttar Pradesh. Objective was to study health profile of manjha makers in district Bareilly.Methods: The workers engaged in making manjha were randomly approached in the selected areas and interviewed using a semi open ended questionnaire. Responses were marked based on duration and severity of symptoms.Results: The mean age of study participants was 31±9.9 years. The mean age of starting manjha making was 15.3±6.7 years. 51 (47.2%) study participants were having wounds and cuts in hands and fingers.Conclusions: Manjha makers are in direct contact with inhalable glass dust (silica dust) and chemical colors which can reach the circulation through cuts and wounds. The higher prevalence of musculoskeletal and respiratory symptoms as well as other symptoms like cut wounds in hands and possible absorption of dyes through cuts underlines the need of a larger study to know the factors causing these symptoms and ways to prevent the suffering of manjha makers.

scholarly journals Preparedness and Response to COVID-19 Outbreak in Assam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanda Subrata ◽  
Ajitkumar Sudke ◽  
Pomi Baruah ◽  
Najeeb Hazarika ◽  
Ramnath Ballala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The world is now fighting against a new deadly virus disease, novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is first declared as public health emergency and later declared as Pandemic by WHO. As COVID-19 spread around the world, governments, companies, international organizations announced measures to help contain the spread. Assam with 36 cases and the other north eastern (NE) states have been able to control the number of cases quite well compared to other states in India. To contain coronavirus spread in Assam, government leveraged nine projects implemented by Piramal Swasthya Management and Research Institute (PSMRI), in addition to other activities. This paper gives the elaborative listings of activities done by PSMRI in respond to COVID-19 outbreak to support the government respond to this pandemic. Activities are- Inbound calling, out bound calling, contact tracing, Visit and follow up of quarantined patients, data entry and updating Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) portal and door step delivery of medicines. As on 26th April, 1,25,566 COVID-19 related calls received in 104-Health Helpline (HIHL). In addition, 37,886 beneficiaries called for quarantine follow up. Field staffs also visited households of home quarantined patients and screened more than 9000 people for COVID-19. PSMRI also supported in activities of Assam Cares Financial scheme and Dhanwantri Scheme.The above activities helped in mitigating the risk of coronavirus infection and also ‘helped in timely respond to the reported cases.

A Survey of Patients with Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection: Sexual Behaviour and Perceptions about Contact Tracing

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tydén ◽  
K Ramstedt
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Partner Notification ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Std Testing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government

The aim of this study was to evaluate how patients with Chlamydia trachomatis infection perceived the legal enforcement of partner notification and to seek their views on legislation impinging on their own sexual behaviour. The investigation was performed at STD clinics in Stockholm, Sweden in 1997. Consecutive patients ( n=192) answered a questionnaire about sexual behaviour and contact tracing. More men (40%) than women (21%) had had sexual intercourse during the past 6 months with an occasional partner. The mean number (6 months prior to this) was 2.3 partners (1–15) for men and 2.2 partners (1–21) for women. Eighteen per cent admitted to having avoided disclosing the name of their partner(s). Ninety per cent considered it beneficial that chlamydial infection was regulated and that a named partner could be forced to undergo STD testing. Partly based on this report, the government has recommended police enforcement to be removed from the legislation as a tool for contact tracing in chlamydial infections.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Health Code: How Digital Platforms Tackle the Pandemic in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512094765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Exposure Risks ◽  
The Government

As COVID-19 is rapidly spreading around the world, some countries have launched or plan to implement contact-tracing apps to detect exposure risks. In China, the government relies on Health Code, developed by Alipay and WeChat, for identifying people potentially exposed to COVID-19. The color-based code can determine people’s exposure risks and freedom of movement based on factors like travel history, duration of time spent in risky areas, and relationships to potential carriers. This essay discusses the rise of Health Code from a platform perspective, arguing that digital platforms are key players conducting health surveillance and mediating state–citizen relations in China. More importantly, tracing apps might become a normal practice in many countries, suggesting that platforms will be substantially adopted for health surveillance.

scholarly journals Estimating the Willingness to Pay for Eco-Labeled Products of Formosan Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla) Conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9779
Author(s):  
Wei-Chun Tseng ◽  
Ya-Chu Yang ◽  
Yun-Ju Chen ◽  
Yung-Chih Chen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Dichotomous Choice ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Manis Pentadactyla ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Green Label

Pangolins are currently the most smuggled mammals in the world. Meanwhile, Taiwan has demonstrated the world’s first case of the use of artificial feeding to raise pangolins to adulthood. The government has also begun to cooperate with farmers in pangolin-spotted areas. Agricultural products can earn the green label once they have passed the evaluation. The challenge is that very few farms have obtained the pangolin-friendly label so far. Our hypothesis is that farmers lack the knowledge that consumers would pay additional money for products that are labeled pangolin-friendly compared to regular ones. Thus, farmers have an insufficient incentive to apply for this label. This research aims to fill this gap by providing people with the necessary knowledge. Contingent valuation with the single-bounded dichotomous choice format was used, which involved investigating 417 valid observations. We found the following: (1) customers are willing to pay about 8.06 USD for pangolin-friendly rice (an increase of 397% in relation to the mean price of rice); (2) customers are willing to pay for about 11.46 USD for pangolin-friendly tea (an increase of 179% in relation to the mean price of tea); and (3) customers are willing to pay about 25.81 USD for pangolin-friendly coffee (an increase of 509% in relation to the mean price of coffee). Our findings give farmers more incentive to conduct eco-friendly production. Consequently, the quality of agricultural products as well as the habitats of endangered pangolins improve. Thus, consumers’ health, the environment, and the future of pangolin conservation can benefit in this attempt to achieve sustainability.

scholarly journals Compliance with Statutory Tobacco Guidelines in and around Schools in Mangaluru, India: An Observational Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
G Rajesh ◽  
Ravi Priyanka ◽  
Ashwini Rao ◽  
Shenoy Ramya ◽  
Pai BH Mithun
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT Context Tobacco is the foremost cause of preventable death and disease in the world today, and India is the second largest consumer of tobacco products in the world. The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) promulgated in 2003 by the Government of India, not only mandates ban on the sale of tobacco within a 100-yard radius around schools, but also provides guidelines for tobacco-free schools. Aim To determine if the provisions of the COTPA are being complied with, in Mangaluru, India. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 30 randomly selected schools in Mangaluru, India. Information was collected regarding sale of tobacco at vendor locations within 100-yard radius of these schools. An interview schedule was administered to the representative of the school, pertaining to the guidelines for tobacco-free schools. Statistical analysis used The data were coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5. The level of statistical significance was kept at p < 0.05. Results There were 48 shops located within 100-yard radius of the schools, out of which 46 (95.8%) sold single cigarettes but only one shop displayed surrogate advertisement. Among the 30 schools surveyed, only 3 (10%) displayed signages prohibiting smoking. Although the guidelines for tobacco-free schools explicitly state that all schools must have a copy of the COTPA, only 3 (10.0%) schools maintained a copy. Conclusion This study showed that there was a widespread violation of Section 6 of the COTPA 2003 in Mangaluru, India. How to cite this article Priyanka R, Rao A, Rajesh G, Ramya S, Mithun PBH. Compliance with Statutory Tobacco Guidelines in and around Schools in Mangaluru, India: An Observational Study. World J Dent 2017;8(1):10-13.

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