scholarly journals Automated urinalysis: First experiences and comparison of automated urinalysis system and manual microscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 576-579
Author(s):  
K Gautam ◽  
D Pyakurel
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Urine Sediment ◽  
Chemical Examination ◽  
Cell Counts

Background: Urinary tract infection is a common condition which needs laboratory evaluation of urine to substantiate the clinical diagnosis and initiate treatment. The conventional urinalysis consists of using a test strip for chemical examination to identify the various urine sediments after which visual microscopy is done. We evaluate the analytical performance of automated microscopic technique (UF 500i) and compare results with those from manual microscopy. Materials and Methods: A total of 382 urine specimens were collected during a period of one month out of which 128 samples which had abnormal cell counts were analyzed for cells and particles by manual and automated microscopy by UF-500i flow cytometer. Results: The concordance of UF 500i and the manual microscopy which is considered to be the gold standard for urine microscopic examination was 90.6% for white blood cells, red blood cell, epithelial cells, cast and bacterial count. Conclusion: Automated urine sediment analyzer, UF 500i was considered reliable in the measurement of white blood cells, red blood cells, epithelial cells, cast and bacteria. Automation will surely reduce the work load, increase accuracy and reliability, and increase the throughput and turn-around time of the laboratory DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10316 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2014) Vol. 4, 576-579  

Improved Identification of White Blood Cells and Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells in Urine Using Cytology

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Xu Guo Sun ◽  
Dian Jun Wei ◽  
Xiao Chun Liu ◽  
Yu Zhu Ma ◽  
Xin Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Urine Sediment ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Renal Tubular

Objectives: Conventional automatic identification system to differentiate white blood cells from renal tubular epithelial cells was limited by overlapping parameters and investigation of clear classification of these two cells could be critical to diagnosis and prognosis. Methods: Urine samples from 120 individuals (30 bladder cystitis, 30 glomerular nephritis, 30 pyelonephritis and 30 nephrotic syndrome) were collected. Urine sediments were stained by Sternheimer method and examined by TJYDSXG-1 microscopic cell analysis system including cell size, degree of cytoplasmic staining and nuclear coefficient of variation (CV). Peroxidase chemical staining was also employed to differentiate white blood cells (WBC) and renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) in sediments. Results: WBC in urine sediment was (8-13) μm, while (10-16) μm for RTEC, with 36% overlapping of nuclear CV. Peroxidase chemical staining intensity index is 0-4 for WBC and 0-1 for RTEC. Conclusions: Percentage of overlap between WBC and RTEC can be reduced to 7%-13% when Sternheimer staining was combined with peroxidase staining.

ALLIUM SATIVUM ESSENTIAL OIL (ASEO);

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 612-616
Author(s):  
Faisal Irshad ◽  
Hina Mawani ◽  
Sana Naz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Animal House

Objectives: To determine the effects of Allium sativum essential oil (ASEO)phytotherapy on serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDLc, LDLc and blood cell counts inalbino rat model. Study design: Experimental study. Setting and Duration: Animal House,Sindh Agriculture University and Isra University Hyderabad from May 2014 to January 2015.Materials and Methods: 60 albino rats were divided into four groups. Controls were givenPlacebo. Experimental rat groups were given ASEO 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kgorally for 30 days. Cardiac puncture was performed for blood sampling. Research variableswere analyzed on Statistix 10.0 (USA). Results: Blood lipids showed significant reduction invarious blood lipid fractions. Serum LDLc exhibited with a concomitant rise in serum HDLc (p=0.0001) in high ASEO treated rats. Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelet showedsignificant improvement ASEO fed rats (p=0.001). Conclusion: Allium sativum essential oil(ASEO) phytotherapy showed a rise in HDLc and a reduction in LDLc, triglycerides and totalcholesterol with improvement in red blood cell counts.

Comparison of five automated urine sediment analyzers with manual microscopy for accurate identification of urine sediment

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1744-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jooyoung Cho ◽  
Kyeong Jin Oh ◽  
Beom Chan Jeon ◽  
Sang-Guk Lee ◽  
Jeong-Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Urine Sediment ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Manual Processing ◽  
The Common ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Clinical Algorithms

Abstract Background While the introduction of automated urine analyzers is expected to reduce the labor involved, turnaround time and potential assay variations, microscopic examination remains the “gold standard” for the analysis of urine sediments. In this study, we evaluated the analytical and diagnostic performance of five recently introduced automated urine sediment analyzers. Methods A total of 1016 samples were examined using five automated urine sediment analyzers and manual microscopy. Concordance of results from each automated analyzer and manual microscopy were evaluated. In addition, image and microscopic review rates of each system were investigated. Results The proportional bias for red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and squamous epithelial cells in the automated urine sediment analyzers were within ±20% of values obtained using the manual microscope, except in the cases of RBCs and WBCs analyzed using URiSCAN PlusScope and Iris iQ200SPRINT, respectively. The sensitivities of Roche Cobas® u 701 and Siemens UAS800 for pathologic casts (73.6% and 81.1%, respectively) and crystals (62.2% and 49.5%, respectively) were high, along with high image review rates (24.6% and 25.2%, respectively). The detection rates for crystals, casts and review rates can be changed for the Sysmex UF-5000 platform according to cut-off thresholds. Conclusions Each automated urine sediment analyzer has certain distinct features, in addition to the common advantages of reducing the burden of manual processing. Therefore, laboratory physicians are encouraged to understand these features, and to utilize each system in appropriate ways, considering clinical algorithms and laboratory workflow.

How Reliable Is Automated Urinalysis in Acute Kidney Injury?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vani Chandrashekar ◽  
Anil Tarigopula ◽  
Vikram Prabhakar
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Spearman Test

Abstract Objective Examination of urine sediment is crucial in acute kidney injury (AKI). In such renal injury, tubular epithelial cells, epithelial cell casts, and dysmorphic red cells may provide clues to etiology. The aim of this study was to compare automated urinalysis findings with manual microscopic analysis in AKI. Methods Samples from patients diagnosed with AKI and control patients were included in the study. Red blood cells, white blood cells, renal tubular epithelial cells/small round cells, casts, and pathologic (path) cast counts obtained microscopically and by a UF1000i cytometer were compared by Spearman test. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the ability to predict AKI from parameters obtained from the UF1000i. Results There was poor correlation between manual and automated analysis in AKI. None of the parameters could predict AKI using logistic regression analysis. However, the increment in the automated path cast count increased the odds of AKI 93 times. Conclusion Automated urinalysis parameters are poor predictors of AKI, and there is no agreement with manual microscopy.

Induction of Transient Cytopenia To Analyze Hematopoiesis in Mutant Mice.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3158-3158
Author(s):  
William L. Stanford ◽  
Nicole M. Anderson ◽  
Mark D. Minden ◽  
Dwayne L. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Erythropoietin Receptor ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Recovery Curves ◽  
Stress Erythropoiesis ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
B Mice ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract The mouse plays an indispensable role in developing our current understanding of mammalian hematopoiesis. Most hematopoietic phenotyping assays in the mouse are non-viable techniques designed to evaluate homeostatic populations, enumerate progenitor populations, and perform functional analysis. The worldwide effort to generate mouse models of human disease and functionally annotate the mammalian genome using mouse mutagenesis (including dominant ENU screens) requires the development of robust standardized viable phenotyping tools. We have developed a phenotyping assay that induces transient cytopenias using various pharmacological agents (5-fluorouracil, phenylhydrazine, and hydroxyurea), the responses to which are monitored by tracing changes in peripheral blood levels of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. We have performed detailed analysis of lineage recovery kinetics, developing lineage recovery curves for various strains of mice for both males and females, which allowed us to identify appropriate testing days to identify phenodeviants. We have compared the recovery data with conventional progenitor assays and analyzed a cohort of well-studied naturally occurring and targeted hematopoietic mutants using the transient anemia assays that has yielded novel phenotypes of hemizygous mutant animals. For example, erythropoietin receptor null embryos die of severe anemia at mid-gestation; however, no defect in erythropoiesis has been reported in EpoR +/− mice. We have found that 5-fluorouracil and phenylhydrazine elicit delayed RBC recovery in EpoR +/− mice, demonstrating a critical dose-dependent role for the erythropoietin receptor in stress erythropoiesis. In addition, Stat5 has been shown to play an important role in erythropoiesis and in the regulation of steady state hematopoiesis. We have found that Stat5a/b+/− mice treated with 5-fluorouracil show altered recovery kinetics in RBC, WBC and platelets. Finally, we have adapted the transient cytopenia assay to develop a sensitized dominant ENU screen, enabling us to identify hematopoietic mutants that do not present abnormal blood cell counts in a homeostatic state. Thus, these standardized cytopenia response assays function as surrogate viable assays to analyze progenitor populations.

Decrease in platelet count as an independent risk factor for symptomatic vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Hirashima ◽  
Hideo Hamada ◽  
Masanori Kurimoto ◽  
Hideki Origasa ◽  
Shunro Endo
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Symptomatic Vasospasm ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Fisher Grade ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Increased platelet consumption is expected in patients with cerebral vasospasm, according to data from clinical and experimental studies. The authors investigated sequential changes in platelet counts in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the difference in platelet consumption between patients with and those without symptomatic vasospasm (SV). Variables related to platelet count as well as other clinical and radiological variables were analyzed as independent predictors of SV. Methods. One hundred consecutive patients who had undergone surgery within 48 hours after SAH onset were entered in the study. Clinical and radiological variables and blood cell counts, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, after SAH were retrospectively examined. Twenty of these variables were entered into univariate and multivariate analyses to determine predictors for SV. After SAH, the platelet count decreased to a minimum and then increased rapidly to levels greater than those recorded on admission. This change was specific to SAH, and platelet consumption was more severe in patients with SV than in those without. There were three independent predictors of SV: a ratio of the lowest platelet count and the admission count greater than 0.7 (odds ratio [OR] 0.322, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.124–0.834, p = 0.0196) and a history of hypertension (OR 0.338, 95% CI 0.126–0.906, p = 0.0311) were negatively significant (that is, decreases the occurrence of SV), and a Fisher Grade 3 (OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.48–13.2, p = 0.0077) was positively significant (that is, increases the occurrence of SV). Conclusions. The association between a decrease in platelet count and the occurrence of SV indicates the important role of platelets in the pathophysiology of vasospasm following SAH.

scholarly journals Prioritizing Causal Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19: An Exhaustive Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitang Sun ◽  
Jingqi Zhou ◽  
Kaixiong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Identifying causal risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical for its prevention and treatment. Many associated pre-existing conditions and biomarkers have been reported, but these observational associations suffer from confounding and reverse causation. Here, we perform a large-scale two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal roles of many traits in severe COVID-19. Our results highlight multiple body mass index (BMI)-related traits as risk-increasing: BMI (OR:1.89, 95% CI:1.51–2.37), hip circumference (OR:1.46, 1.15–1.85), and waist circumference (OR:1.82, 1.36–2.43). Our multivariable MR analysis further shows that the BMI-related effect is driven by fat mass (OR:1.63, 1.03–2.58), but not fat-free mass (OR:1.00, 0.61–1.66). Several white blood cell counts are negatively associated with severe COVID-19, including those of neutrophils (OR:0.76, 0.61–0.94), granulocytes (OR:0.75, 0.601–0.93), and myeloid white blood cells (OR:0.77, 0.62–0.96). Furthermore, some circulating proteins are associated with an increased risk of (e.g., zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein) or protection from severe COVID-19 (e.g., interleukin-3/6 receptor subunit alpha). Our study shows that fat mass and white blood cells underlie the etiology of severe COVID-19. It also identifies risk and protective factors that could serve as drug targets and guide the effective protection of high-risk individuals.

scholarly journals Platelet Activation in End-Stage Renal Disease Is Mediated By Extracellular Nucleosomes That Originate from White Blood Cells

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 4909-4909
Author(s):  
Trung Phan ◽  
McMillan Ryan ◽  
Leonidas Skiadopoulos ◽  
Amanda Walborn ◽  
Debra Hoppensteadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Esrd Patients

Abstract Introduction Extracellular nucleosomes in plasma (PNs) are complexes of DNA and histones that are released during cell death and inflammatory responses. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) represents a complex syndrome where inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hemostatic aberrations contribute to the observed vascular manifestations. The purpose of this investigation is to profile PNs in patients with ESRD and to demonstrate their relevance to blood cells and platelet activation products. Methods Pre-dialysis plasma samples from patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (n = 90) at Loyola University outpatient dialysis unit were collected under an approved IRB protocol. Plasma samples from healthy individuals (n = 50) were purchased from a biobank as a control (George King Biomedical, Overland Park, Kansas). Complete blood count profiles, including white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and platelets were obtained from the patients' medical records. The levels of PNs in ESRD patients and healthy volunteers were measured using the Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS assay (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). MP-TF levels were measured using the Zymuphen MP-TF kit (Hyphen BioMed, Neuville-sur-Oise, France). PDGF levels were measured using the Human PDGF-BB Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota). Human PF4 levels were measured using the Zymutest PF4 ELISA Kit (Hyphen BioMed, Neuville-sur-Oise, France). All individual results were tabulated and analyzed using the statistical software GraphPad Prism 7. The Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric data was utilized in comparing ESRD to control groups. PN levels were correlated with cell counts and platelet activation factors using the non-parametric Spearman correlation. Individual cell counts were also correlated with platelet activating factors using the same method. Results In the ESRD patients, the average hematocrit was 31.7 ± 4.4 %, the average WBC count was 6.5 ± 4.0 K/uL, and the average platelet count was 179.4 ± 66.3 K/uL. The levels of PNs in the ESRD patients (15.5 ± 14.1 Arbitrary Units (AU)) were markedly higher in comparison to that of the controls (6.74 ± 13.7 AU; p < 0.0001). Similarly, MP-TF levels were significantly elevated in ESRD patients (3.00 ± 1.42 pg/mL) compared to normal (0.363 ± 0.263 pg/mL; p < 0.0001). PF4 levels were also significantly elevated in ESRD patients (95.3 ± 35.3 ng/mL) compared to normal (27.4 ± 19.8 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). While PDGF levels were higher in the ESRD group (116.0 ± 172.5 pg/mL) in comparison to the controls (82.7 ± 113.5 pg/mL), this increase was not statistically significant (p = 0.405). A positive correlation was observed between PNs and WBCs (p = 0.024; r = 0.244). PN levels did not show a correlation with RBC (p = 0.448; r = 0.083) and platelet levels (p = 0.545; r = 0.066). Furthermore, there was no correlation between PNs and MP-TF (p = 0.501; r = 0.077), PDGF (p = 0.314; r = 0.110) and PF4 (p = 0.524; r = -0.070) in the ESRD patients. However, the platelet count showed a positive correlation with PDGF (p = 0.044; r = 0.218) and MP-TF (p = 0.042; r = 0.237). Similarly, the WBC count showed a positive correlation with the platelet count (p < 0.0001; r = 0.476) and PDGF (p = 0.016; r = 0.260). Conclusion This study clearly demonstrates that extracellular nucleosomes are elevated in the plasma of patients with ESRD. The fact that the PN levels correlated with the number of circulating white blood cells suggest that the PNs originate from these cells. Since the ESRD patients exhibited platelet activation, as evident by the observed increase in PDGF, MP-TF and PF4, it is plausible that this activation is mediated by PNs originating from the WBCs. As observed by the positive correlation between WBCs, PDGF, and platelet count, this study underscores the potential role of nucleosomes originating from WBCs in the activation of platelets. These results are consistent with previously reported observations that extracellular histones can induce platelet activation in a TLR2 and TLR4 dependent manner (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21673343). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Serum Bilirubin level and its correlation with white blood cells as risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adult healthy population.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2622-2627
Author(s):  
Kashif Rasheed Shaikh ◽  
Shumaila Shaikh ◽  
Shagufta Memon ◽  
Umair Ali Soomro ◽  
Shumail Saeed Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Cell Counts

Objectives: Evaluate serum bilirubin in adult healthy subjects and its correlation with white blood cells as risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Study Design: Cross- sectional study. Setting: Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Suleman Roshan Medical College. Period: January - December 2017. Material & Methods: A sample of 100 male and 100 female adult healthy subjects were recruited for study protocol. Blood glucose, Serum creatinine, Blood lipids, liver enzyme levels, White blood cell counts and Serum bilirubin levels were analyzed. Pearson`s correlation was used for the correlation coefficient and its statistical significance for the association of serum bilirubin and white blood cells. Data variables were analyzed by statistical software SPSS (ver 21.0) at 95% CI (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Mean± SD age of male and female was found 47.02±8.42 and 48.59±7.80 years respectively (P=0.071). Serum bilirubin shows statistically significant negative correlation with blood glucose (r= - 0.257, P=0.0001) and LDLc (r= - 0.155, P=0.027) and WBC (r= - 0.871, P=0.0001). Conclusion: The present study shows the elevated serum total bilirubin levels within reference range correlated negatively with total white blood cells in adult healthy population.

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