scholarly journals The use of sewage sludge and diatomite as growing medium in scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedling production and evaluation of its land performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 564-564
Author(s):  
Murat Kose ◽  
Ilker Angin ◽  
Fatih Demirci ◽  
Omer Oncul ◽  
Caglar Ugurlu
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Inorganic Substrates ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Made In

Although several organic and inorganic substrates are added to growing media for improving its physical and chemical characteristics, the need for search of new materials and/or mixtures that reduces the high-priced peat content in substrates is still interesting. This study evaluated the feasibility of reducing the peat content in substrates by replacing it with different amounts of diatomite and sewage sludge for Scots pine seedling (Pinus sylvestris L.) growth and their land performance. In order to evaluate the feasibility of reducing the peat content in substrates by replacing it with different amounts of diatomite and sewage sludge, an experiment was carried out in a temperature-controlled greenhouse under natural light. To evaluate the land performance of Scots pine seedlings grown in different substrates, a trial was established between the years 2013-2017 in Sar&#305;kam&#305;ş, Kars (NE Anatolia). Sewage sludge application, due to its high organic matter and macro and micronutrient content, has improved the composition of the rhizosphere, thereby resulting in growth acceleration. As a result of the evaluations made in terms of both seedling morphological characteristics and land performance; the best performance was determined in the 9<sup>th</sup> (50%P+50%SS) and 3<sup>rd</sup> (75%SS+25%DE) mixtures.

scholarly journals Effect of Prunus serotina Ehrh. Volatile Compounds on Germination and Seedling Growth of Pinus sylvestris L.

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Halarewicz ◽  
Antoni Szumny ◽  
Paulina Bączek
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

In temperate European forests invaded by Prunus serotina Ehrh. (black cherry), a reduction in the spontaneous regeneration capacity of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) is observed. It could be caused by various factors, including allelopathic properties of this invasive plant. In this study the phytotoxic effect of P. serotina volatile compounds on P. sylvestris and the seasonal variation in this effect were assessed. Simple assays showed that volatiles emitted from P. serotina leaves significantly inhibited root growth of P. sylvestris seedlings. Their negative effect on stem growth was much weaker. The strongest phytotoxic effect on Scots pine seedlings was caused by the volatiles emitted from the youngest black cherry leaves. In fresh foliage of P. serotina, nineteen volatile organic compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The dominant compound was benzaldehyde. On the basis of tests of linalool alone, it was found that this monoterpene present in the volatile fraction has a strong allelopathic potential and inhibits germination, root elongation and shoot elongation of pine seedlings. The results of our research suggest that volatile compounds from P. serotina leaves could limited survival of P. sylvestris individuals in the seedling phase.

Effects of mycorrhizas on growth of pine seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Gantuya B ◽  
Burenjargal O
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is an economically important source of timber in Mongolia and has been widely used in reforestation programs. In this study, we investigated the effects of mycorrhizas on the growth of pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings. Inoculation with ectomycorrhizas and endomycorrhizas increased the height, root length, and root collar diameter of the pine seedlings compared to the non-inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, the results of the study showed that the percentage survival rate is higher in mycorrhizal inoculated pine seedlings than control seedlings. These results demonstrated that inoculation could effectively form ectomycorrhizas with pine seedlings and promote its growth, which can be used to restore Mongolian forest. Нарсны тарьцын ургалтанд микоризын үзүүлэх нөлөө Эгэл нарс (Pinus sylvestris) нь Монгол орны хувьд эдийн засгийн чухал ач холбогдолтой мод бөгөөдойжуулалтанд өргөн ашигладаг. Бид энэхүү судалгаагаараа эгэл нарсны (Pinus sylvestris) тарьцныургалтанд микоризaхэрхэн нөлөөлж буйг судлав. Эктомикоризa (Pisolithus tinctorius, Lactarius laccata)болон эндомикоризийн (Glomus mosseae, Glomus spurcum хх) бэлдмэл ашиглан тарьсан тарьцын өндөр,үндэсний хүзүүвчийн диаметр болон үндэсний урт нь микоризын бэлдмэл ашиглаагүй тарьцуудтайхарьцуулахад илүү байв. Түүнчлэн микоризын бэлдмэл ашигласан тарьцуудын амьдралтын хувийнүзүүлэлт хяналтын тарьцуудаас өндөр байгааг уг судалгааны үр дүн харуулав. Дээрх үр дүнгээрмикоризын бэлдмэл нь нарсны суулгацын үндсэнд микориза болон хэлбэржиж, түүний өсөлтийгдэмжиж байгааг илрүүлсэн бөгөөд уг бэлдмэлийг ойг нөхөн сэргээхэд ашиглах боломжтой юм.Түлхүүр үг: Нарс, өндөр, үндэсний урт, диаметр

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris Seedlings of Various origins to Heterobasidion annosum and H. parviporum

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astra Zaļuma ◽  
Arnis Gailis ◽  
Natālija Burņeviča ◽  
Kari Korhonen ◽  
Tālis Gaitnieks
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Abstract Five-year-old Norway spruce and four-year-old Scots pine seedlings of various origin were inoculated with Heterobasidion annosum s.s. and H. parviporum to estimate whether the susceptibility of seedlings to Heterobasidion was affected by origin of seeds. In total, 520 spruce and 538 pine seedlings from different seed sources and provenance regions of Latvia were tested. Four months after inoculation the fungal growth was measured. The results highlight differences between development of H. annosum and H. parviporum in spruce and pine seedlings. We did not find any seed source that was more resistant than others.

Microstructure and stiffness of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L) sapwood degraded by Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor – Part I: Changes in chemical composition, density and equilibrium moisture content

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Bader ◽  
Karin Hofstetter ◽  
Gry Alfredsen ◽  
Susanne Bollmus
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Fungal degradation alters the microstructure of wood and its physical and chemical properties are also changed. While these changes are well investigated as a function of mass loss, mass density loss and changes in equilibrium moisture content are not well elucidated. The physical and chemical alterations are crucial when linking microstructural characteristics with macroscopic mechanical properties. In the present article, a consistent set of physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics is presented, which were measured on the same sample before and after fungal degradation. In the first part of this two-part contribution, elucidating microstructure/stiffness-relationships of degraded wood, changes in physical and chemical data are presented, which were collected from specimens of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood degraded by Gloeophyllum trabeum (brown rot) and Trametes versicolor (white rot) for up to 28 weeks degradation time. A comparison of mass loss with corresponding mass density loss demonstrated that mass loss entails two effects: firstly, a decrease in sample size (more pronounced for G. trabeum), and secondly, a decrease of mass density within the sample (more pronounced for T. versicolor). These two concurrent effects are interrelated with sample size and shape. Hemicelluloses and cellulose are degraded by G. trabeum, while T. versicolor was additionally able to degrade lignin. In particular because of the breakdown of hemicelluloses and paracrystalline parts of cellulose, the equilibrium moisture content of degraded samples is lower than that in the initial state.

scholarly journals Influence of toxic metal ions phenols in needles and roots, and on root respiration of Scots pine seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Karolewski ◽  
Marian J. Giertych
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Root Respiration ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
One Year

Nitrates of aluminum, cadmium, manganese and lead cause changes in the content of phenolic compounds (o-dPh and TPh) in needles and roots, and in the rate of dark respiration (DR) of roots of one-year-old seedlings of Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.). The changes depend on the cation, the salt concentration used, and the analyzed plant part. The observed changes in the levels of phenolic compounds in needles and roots, and the rate of respiration in roots, indicate the following rank in toxicity of the studied metal cations: Mn < Al < Pb < Cd.

scholarly journals The effect of planting, seeding and soil preparation on the regeneration success of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on drained peatlands – 10-year results

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Jyrki Hytönen ◽  
Hannu Hökkä ◽  
Markku Saarinen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

AbstractWe studied the effect of regeneration (planting/seeding) and soil preparation methods (no soil preparation/scalping/mounding) on the regeneration success of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on three drained peatland Scots pine stands in northern Finland. After ten years, planting and sowing showed no differences in the total number of Scots pine seedlings (one seedling per sowing spot accepted) with the exception of the Sievi experiment. Without soil preparation the total number of Scots pine seedlings was 350–600 per ha. Scalping increased the number of Scots pine seedlings to 550–900 per ha, with the exception of seeding at Sievi. In mounded plots, with the exception of seeded plots at the Sievi site, the number of planted or seeded seedlings was 1,325–2,350 per ha. The number of crop seedlings in all the experiments and for all the soil preparation treatments reached the target of 2,000 seedlings per ha if naturally regenerated Scots pine, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) or birch (Betula spp.) seedlings were accepted as such. Moose (Alces alces L.) damage in Scots pine crop seedlings ranged from 4% in Sievi to 65% in Simo. The proportion of planted or seeded Scots pines of the crop seedlings was 23% in unprepared plots, 30% in scalped plots and 75% in mounded plots. Mounding increased the share of Scots pine seedlings in the overall crop seedlings. Planted seedlings were taller than seeded seedlings. Planting in mounds gave the best overall results in terms of the number of crop seedlings and their height ten years after the treatment.

scholarly journals No evidence of a protective or cumulative negative effect of UV-B on growth inhibition induced by gamma radiation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1945-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dajana Blagojevic ◽  
YeonKyeong Lee ◽  
Li Xie ◽  
Dag A. Brede ◽  
Line Nybakken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Radiation Induced

No protective or cummulative negative effect of UV-B on gamma radiation-induced growth inhibition in Scots pine seedlings in spite of additional DNA damage in response to UV-B.

scholarly journals Induction of Defense Responses in Pinus sylvestris Seedlings by Methyl Jasmonate and Response to Heterobasidion annosum and Lophodermium seditiosum Inoculation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Ilze Šņepste ◽  
Baiba Krivmane ◽  
Vilnis Šķipars ◽  
Astra Zaluma ◽  
Dainis E. Ruņģis
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Inoculation

The induction of defense responses in Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was investigated in three experiments. Two different MeJA application methods were tested, and induction of defense responses was assayed by seedling inoculation with Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. and Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley and Millar. In the first experiment, five-year-old P. sylvestris ramets of one clone were directly treated with MeJA, followed by inoculation with H. annosum. In the second experiment, open-pollinated Scots pine seedlings were treated with MeJA by direct spraying and vaporization, and inoculation with H. annosum was done using a slightly modified protocol. In the third experiment, open-pollinated Scots pine seedlings were treated with MeJA by vaporization and inoculated with L. seditiosum. Direct application of MeJA induced seedling mortality, and in some cases, decreased resistance to inoculation with H. annosum. Application of MeJA by vaporization was less stressful for seedlings, and resulted in increased resistance to both H. annosum and L. seditiosum. In addition, an unforeseen Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) and Hylobius abietis L. infestation provided anecdotal evidence of the efficacy of MeJA in inducing resistance to insect pests as well. Further studies are required on the induction of resistance to additional diseases and pests. Induced resistance could be used as a possible protective mechanism for Scots pine seedlings prior to planting during reforestation of stands to increase vitality and survival.

scholarly journals The influence of organic plant material on seed germination and development of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Damian Kwiatkowski ◽  
Krzysztof Słowiński ◽  
Jarosław Knapek
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Abstract In this article we analysed the influence of plant-based organic admixtures on the germination process of seeds and the early development of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings. The intensity of dumpin-off diseases within the culture was recorded after applying each of the admixtures. Organic material of nettle Urtica dioica L., softwood litter, hardwood litter and peat were applied to the nursery substrate in two ways, either as an admixture in crushed form or in granulated form. None of the introduced admixtures influenced the germination of seeds or the survival rate of pine seedlings positively. The best results were obtained with a substrate without admixtures used as a control, which is the most common nursery substrate. The worst seed germination rate was observed on the substrate enriched with the organic material from nettles. In pots with granulated organic material from hardwood litter, significantly more seedlings showed signs of post-emergence dermatitis. In all other cases, there was no clear difference between the crushed or granulated admixture in either germination or survival of seedlings. We furthermore demonstrated that the process of granulating plant material leads to an approximately 10-fold increase in the bulk density of the granulated substance, which translates directly into volume reduction.

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