scholarly journals THE SELECTION OF THE INITIAL MATERIAL FOR VARIOUS DIRECTIONS OF MAIZE BREEDING ON THE BASIS OF MULTI-CRITERIA ESTIMATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Krivosheev ◽  
A. S. Ignatiev ◽  
A. G. Gorbacheva ◽  
I. A. Vetoshkina
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Index ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Weight Coefficients ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The purpose of the study is the application of the method of multi-criteria estimation to select the initial material of various direction of maize breeding. The studies were performed in the year of 2017–2018 in two different regions of trials, in the arid area of the ARC “Donskoy” (Zernograd) and in the moisture area of the All-Russian Research Institute of Maize (Pyatigorsk). 10 parental forms of maize hybrids ‘Alpha M’, ‘Almaz M’, ‘Avrora S’, ‘Milena M’, ‘Istok S’, ‘Mirt M’, ‘Malvina S’, Raduga S’, Maya M’, ‘Prestizh M’ used as testers in breeding programs were taken as initial material. The studied forms were characterized by a diversity in the value of their main economically valuable traits. Significant variability was identified in infertility of plants (V = 56.0%), smut infection (V = 46.4%) and fragility of a stem below a cob (V = 43.4%). Average variability was identified in grain productivity (V = 14.8–18.2%), drought resistance index (V = 10.5%), harvesting moisture of grain (V = 18.6%). The use of the complex of main economically valuable traits for the integrated assessment (SD), taking into account the specified contributions (Rk) and weight coefficients (Wi), made it possible to rank the initial material according to its value for various areas of selection. There have been identified the testers ‘Mirt M’, Maya M, ‘Istok S’ with the best integral values (SD = 2.63–5.65) for breeding on drought tolerance. ‘Istok S’, ‘Milena M’, ‘Avrora S’ (SD = 2.14–4.07) have been recommended as the testers in breeding programs to breed the varieties with low harvesting moisture of grain. There has been identified a universal tester ‘Istok S’ which is suitable for various directions of maize breeding. Thus, the multi-criteria estimation can be used in the breeding process to select initial material that meets the requirements of the planned breeding directions.

scholarly journals Efficiency of selection of self-fertile sunflower biotypes in production of foundation and breeder seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
A.D. Bochkovoy ◽  
◽  
V.I. Khatnyansky ◽  
V.A. Kamardin ◽  
D.A. Nazarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Crops ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Breeder Seed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The researches were conducted on fields of OOO NPO “Triumph”, the Matveevo-Kurgansky district of Rostov region and V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar in 2017–2020. The purpose of the research was to develop methodology of selection of self-fertile sunflower genotypes in foundation and breeder seed production. Our work resulted in development of improved population Dobrynya plus. Middle self-fertility of this population at self-pollination was 13.7% vs. 5.2% of the initial variety (increased by 2.6 times), a ratio of the most valuable genotypes with amount of fully formed seeds more than 150 seeds per a plant increased from 13.5 to 26.4% (by 1.9 times). At the open flowering and free insect pollination, population Dobrynya plus does not differ by its economically valuable traits from the initial variety. But at the close flowering, without insects pollination, yield of the population Dobrynya plus was 0.93 t per ha vs. 0.52 t per ha of the initial variety (increase by 1.8 times). At selection of elite seeds from sunflower varietal populations for seed growing, the most perspective are the biotypes with high level of self-fertility which traits are held stable in the different environments. Improvement of sunflower variety by 11 self-fertility does not lead to decreasing of its yield qualities by the main economically valuable traits. The obtained experimental data prove a prospectivity of researches directed on improvement of sunflower variety populations by self-fertility at production of foundation and breeder seeds and possibility to reach successful results.

scholarly journals ALADDIN–FROST-RESISTANT TABLE GRAPEVINE

Russian vine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
S.I. Krasokhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Federal State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The most promising way to reduce the need for fungicides in viticulture is the use of re-sistant cultivars. In this regard, an urgent task is the selection of table grape varieties with increased resistance to diseases and frost in combination with high marketability and taste. The article discusses the results of a fif-teen-year study of the promising table variety Aladdin. The variety is interspecific hybrid obtained from a saturating crossing Vostorg krasnyy × Vostorg muskatniy at All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Wine-making– Branch of Federal State Budget Sci-entific Institution «FRARC». The Aladdin variety was compared with the regionalized table variety Vostorg, which is also the paren-tal form in the second generation. The viticul-ture is not irrigated, grafted, not covered, the training is fan type on trunk, the planting scheme is 3 × 1.5 m. In the variety study, the methods generally accepted in viticulture and the standard technology of cultivation of vineyards were used. The Aladdin variety is distinguished by an early ripening period, large berries, medium-sized bunches, firm pulp, attractive berry color, light muscat aro-ma. The variety has a proven genetic high re-sistance to powdery mildew and mildew, high frost resistance is confirmed by the data of agrobiological records. According to the total-ity of economically valuable traits, resistance to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmen-tal factors, the Aladdin variety can be recom-mended for transfer to the State variety test-ing of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Methodic aspects of selection of self-fertile biotypes in production of foundation seeds of sunflower varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
A.D. Bochkovoy ◽  
◽  
V.A. Kamardin ◽  
D.A. Nazarov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

In 2017–2019 we conducted researches in NPO “Triumph”, Matveevo-Kurgansky district, Rostov region, and in fields of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar. The purpose of the research was to develop methodic questions of selection of self-fertile biotypes during production of foundation seeds of confectionary sunflower varieties. We stated self-sterile and semisterile consist the main part of the studied seven OPvarieties and are equal 68.5% in average. They vary from 60.3% in the Enisey variety to 75.0% in Dobrynya. Basing on our researches we proposed a rating scale for self-fertility level in sunflower varieties and a scheme of foundation seeds growing oriented for selection of biotypes with increased selffertility. We developed a promising varietypopulation Dobrynya+, its average self-fertility of plants is equal to 12.2% comparing to 6.5% of the initial variety. A share of the less valuable self-sterile biotypes in it decreased from 22.2 to 12.0%, and a portion of the most valuable highly self-fertile, contrariwise, increased from 13.9 to 18.0%. By a complex of the other economically valuable traits a population Dobrynya+ does not differ of the initial variety.

Blue lupine — source of valuable nutrients in forage production

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
П.А. Агеева ◽  
Н.А. Почутина ◽  
М.В. Матюхина
Keyword(s):  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Russian Research

Научная работа выполнена во Всероссийском научно-исследовательском институте люпина в условиях Юго-Западного региона Нечернозёмной зоны Российской Федерации в 2017–2018 годах. Целью исследований было изучение и оценка районированных сортов и перспективных сортообразцов узколистного люпина (Lupinus angustifolius L.) собственной селекции по урожайности зерна, зелёной массы, выходу сырого протеина и других питательных веществ, необходимых при приготовлении кормов для различных животных и птицы. По урожайности зерна (соответственно 3,00 и 2,93 т/га) и зелёной массы (38,3 и 36,3 т/га) выделились новые сортономера Узколистный 53-02 и СмW 62-17. Диапазон превышения по отношению к стандарту по этим показателям составил: по Узколистному 53-02 — 18,1–21,0%, по СмW 62-17 — 22,2–29,0%. Содержание алкалоидов в зерне этих вариантов — 0,041–0,042%. Минимальная алкалоидность (0,038%) отмечена у сортов Белорозовый 144 и Смена. Максимальный сбор белка (1003 кг/га) с урожаем зерна обеспечил Узколистный 53-02; с урожаем зелёноукосной продукции — сорт Белорозовый 144 (1002 кг/га). Максимальное содержание каротина (73,3 мг/кг) получено у сорта Брянский кормовой в фазу цветения. В период технологической спелости зелёной массы по содержанию каротина (45,2 мг/кг) он также был в числе лучших. Во Всероссийском НИИ люпина разработаны сбалансированные по необходимым питательным веществам рационы с использованием зерна и зелёной массы различных сортов узколистного люпина и проведены многочисленные опыты на различных производственных группах крупного рогатого скота, свиньях и птице. Привлекательность узколистного люпина для использования в производстве связана с тем, что из крупносемянных видов он один из самых скороспелых, холодостойких и устойчивых к антракнозу. The research was conducted in the Southwest region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia in 2017–2018. The aim was to evaluate promising genotypes of blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) regarding their grain productivity, yields of green mass, crude protein and other valuable nutrients for livestock feeding. “Uzkolistnyy 53-02” and SmW 62-17 genotypes had the highest productivity of grain (3.00 and 2.93 t ha-1) and green mass (38.3 and 36.3 t ha-1, respectively). Hence yield increases amounted to 18.1–21.0% (“Uzkolistnyy 53-02”) and 22.2–29.0% (SmW 62-17), respectively. Alkaloid concentration reached 0.041–0.042% in their grain. Grains of “Belorozovyy 144” and “Smena” varieties accumulated the least alkaloids. Grain of “Uzkolistnyy 53-02” and green mass of “Belorozovyy 144” were rich in protein — 1003 and 1002 kg ha-1, respectively. “Bryanskiy kormovoy” had the highest carotene content of 73.3 mg/kg at flowering time. It showed high carotene concentration also at green mass maturity stage. The All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine developed balanced diets for grain and green forage from blue lupine and tested their effect on cattle, pigs, and poultry. Blue lupine is a valuable crop for forage production due to large seed size, early ripeness as well as resistance to cold and pod spot.

scholarly journals Features of the inheritance of fruit size in the hybrid families of prunus domestica

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00070
Author(s):  
G. E. Osipov ◽  
Z. A. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Dominant Trait ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The aim of the research was to establish the features of the inheritance of the size of the fruit in the hybrid families of Prunus domestica. The objects of study were hybrid seedlings of plum selection of the Tatar research Institute of agriculture. Fruit sizes were estimated according to the methodology of the all-Russian research Institute of fruit crops selection. The analysis of the splitting of plum in hybrid families by the size of fruits showed that seedlings with small fruits dominated in the breeding gardens of the Tatar research Institute. The size of the plum fruit is controlled by polygens. All of the original parental forms are heterozygotes for the genes determining the size of the fruit. A small fruit is a dominant trait, a large fruit is a recessive trait. In most hybrid families, plum seedlings have a significant variability in the size of the fruit. Transgressive genotypes with large fruits are formed in hybrid families Eurasia 21 x Renklod Tenkovsky, Eurasia 21 x free pollination and Zyuzinskaya x free pollination. The varieties Eurasia 21 and Zyuzinskaya must be used as sources in breeding of plums for large-fruited.

scholarly journals ВИВЧЕННЯ ВИХІДНОГО МАТЕРІАЛУ ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКЦІЇ КУКУРУДЗИ ХАРЧОВОГО Й ТЕХНІЧНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ НА УСТИМІВСЬКІЙ ДОСЛІДНІЙ СТАНЦІЇ РОСЛИННИЦТВА

2014 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Ю. В. Харченко ◽  
Л. Я. Харченко ◽  
С. М. Тимчук ◽  
В. В. Поздняков ◽  
О. Г. Супрун
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Wide Variability

Встановлено широку мінливість ліній – носіїв різнихендоспермових мутацій – за зерновою продуктивністю,вмістом і фракційним складом крохмалю, а такожвмістом та жирнокислотним складом олії. Показа-но, що поліпшення кукурудзи за цими показникамипотребує використання широкого генетичного різ-номаніття культури і створення якісного вихідногоматеріалу. Визначено ефекти комбінаційної здатно-сті ліній – носіїв мутацій wx, su2, ae, su1 та sh2 – зацими ознаками. Виділено перспективний вихіднийматеріал для селекції кукурудзи харчового й техніч-ного призначення. The wide variability of the maize inbreeds – carriers of different endospermic mutations for the grain productivity, content and fractional composition of starch as well as the content of oil and oleic acid glycosides were established. It is shown that the improvement of maize for these indicators requires the use of a wide genetic diversity of crops and quality of the source material. It have been determined the effects of combining ability of the inbreeds – carriers of mutations wx, su2,ae, su1 and sh2 for these traits. The perspective initial material for the maize breeding of food and technical application was identified.

scholarly journals The number of glandular trichomes on the peduncles of true lavender inflorescences as an additional breeding trait for essential oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
S.V. Zelentsov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Moshnenko ◽  
T.P. Shuvaeva ◽  
I.V. Gaytotina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Distribution Density ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The main receptacle of essential oil in true lavender is the peltate glandular trichomes of the calyxes in the whorls of the inflorescences. Their average size is 175 ± 25 µm, in some cases – up to 250 µm. For the extraction of lavender oil, not only the calyxes are used, but the whole inflorescences including the flowering shoots. The surface of the peduncles of lavender inflorescences is also covered with peltate glandular trichomes. However, their contribution to the total volume of essential oil in the inflorescence has almost never been determined. The aim of this research was to study the distribution density of glandular trichomes within the inflorescence and to determine the proportion of the contribution of flowering trichomes to the formation of essential oil in the inflorescence. The research was carried out in 2021 on the basis of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in two ecological and geographical points of the Krasnodar region. The object of the study was the true lavender varieties Voznesenskaya 34, Rannyaya, Yuzhanka and Voznesenskaya Aroma. It was found that the size of glandular trichomes on peduncles of true lavender is 90 ± 15 µm. Their number on peduncles, depending on the variety, varies from 2141 to 3003 pcs. The density of distribution of glandular trichomes on the surface of peduncles is equal to 8.60–14.93 pcs/mm3 . The total volume of essential oil in all glandular trichomes of peduncles is 0.41–0.57 cmm . The total volume of essential oil in the inflorescences varied from 2.28 to 5.15 cmm . The share of essential oil in the glandular trichomes of the peduncles in relation to the entire inflorescence ranged from 9.33 to 19.56%. It is concluded that peltate glandular trichomes on flower-bearing axes make a significant contribution to the essential oil content of lavender inflorescences. For the selection of true lavender to increase the essential oil content and the yield of essential oil, an additional selection trait is proposed – the amount of glandular trichomes on the surface of peduncles, which can be regulated by changing their distribution density on the surface of peduncles, or increasing the length of inflorescences.

scholarly journals BREEDING PROGRAMM FOR ADAPTIBILITY IN GARDEN PEAS

2011 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
E.G. Dobrutskaya ◽  
I.P. Kotliyar ◽  
A.A. Antoshkin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Vegetable Breeding ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Adaptive proprieties of pea accessions can be estimated at the final stage of breeding program in the area of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production (VNIISSOK) for four years of trial. For effective selection of varieties and hybrids the attention should be paid to searching and elaborating informative environment grounds using for plant selection.

scholarly journals The stability of varieties is an important element of the integrated protection of flax from

2021 ◽  
Vol 214 (11) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kudryavceva
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The State ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to characterize the varieties of long-legged flax included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in terms of resistance to fusarium wilt, rust, anthracnose and pasmo. The research was conducted in 2018–2020 in vegetative, laboratory and field conditions at the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax (currently: A separate division Research Institute of Flax). As an object of research, we used varieties of flax-long-legged flax included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation for 2018–2020. Methods. The studies were carried out using modern mycological and phytopathological methods. Laboratory, vegetation and field experiments were conducted according to the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax methods. Results and practical significance. Among the studied 66 varieties, 56.1 % were highly resistant and resistant genotypes to fusarium wilt and 58.3 % – to rust. The specific weight of the Flax Institute varieties for this period was 34.8 %. High resistance to rust and fusarium wilt was characterized by the VNIIL selection varieties: Universal, Diplomat, Alexim, Dewdrop, Zaryanka, Aleksandrit. For the first time, scientists of the Flax Institute have created varieties of flax-long – legged (Diplomat and Tonus) resistant to three diseases: rust, fusarium wilt and anthracnose, and the Caesar variety-to four diseases. All varieties, with the exception of Diplomat and Tonus, a selection of the Flax Institute, were susceptible to anthracnose. The Grant variety of the selection of the Republic of Belarus and the Caesar variety were resistant to pasmo by 59.7 %, the rest were characterized by resistance to damage by 27.8–42.0 %. Scientific novelty. The characteristics of the resistance of the varieties included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation are comprehensively described on infectious and provocative backgrounds using natural and synthetic populations of pathogens diseases of flax. Varieties with group resistance to 2, 3, and 4 diseases are identified. The use of flax varieties resistant to the most economically dangerous diseases in flax crops will reduce the infectious potential and its accumulation in nature.

scholarly journals Search and analysis of nuclear sequences in sunflower genome associated with genes of resistance to bromrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) races

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
D.L. Savichenko ◽  
◽  
S.Z. Guchetl ◽  
A.V. Golovatskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Map ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Sunflower Genome ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

Studying of sunflower lines resistant to broomrape race G, bred in V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK), Krasnodar showed the genetic control of resistance is monogenic with incomplete dominance. The purpose of the research was to seek and analyze molecular markers for the genes of resistance to broomrape race G using PCRmethods. In our research we used six developed in VNIIMK lines-donors resistant to broomrape race G: RGP1, RGP2, RGB, RGL1, RGL2, RGA, and susceptible lines VK 101, VK 678, VK 680. We extracted DNA from the leaves of young sunflower plants using STAB-buffer. For PCR-analysis we used 17 pairs of primers of two types: SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) and SSR (simple sequence repeat). Conditions of amplification are as recommended by authors of markers with experimental selection of a temperature for primers hybridization. Within the research we balanced involved into work SSR- and 12 SCAR-loci using BLAST and a set of HanXRQr1.0. Due to these data we composed a physical map of loci location. After assessment of six resistant and three susceptible parental lines, seven markers demonstrated polymorphism by a length of locus DNA and two ones – by presence/absence of amplified fragment. For markers ORS 683 and ORS 1112 we observed a relation between loci polymorphism and susceptibility of parental lines to broomrape. This was certified with a presence of an allele of 364 n.p. length in ORS 683 and an absence of an allele of 375 n.p. length in ORS 1112. These markers were noted as primary ones for hybridological analysis in F1 и F2 with selected pairs for crossing. Additional markers will be selected individually using obtained data on loci polymorphism. Thus, as a result of the research we created a physical map for the further markers selection, found hybrid combinations and markers from the studied ones for hybridological analysis.

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