The effect of a number of quantitative traits on seed productivity of alfalfa samples

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2020-71-5-53-58 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

К. N. Goryunov

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Optimal Number ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Standard Variety ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Seed Productivity ◽

Alfalfa Seed ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Optimal Values

The current paper has presented the correlation between alfalfa seed productivity and the values of morphological characteristics for a three-year growing cycle. The purpose of the study was to estimate the correlation between the alfalfa samples' productivity and the elements of its structure and other traits in order to find their optimal values. The study was carried out in 2017-2019 on the experimental plots of the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The material for the research was a working collection of 105 alfalfa samples, varieties and lines, and the standard variety ‘Rostovskaya 90'. The crops were sown in row, in double repetition, with row spacing of 20 cm on a plot of 1m2, the seeding rate was 2 g/m2. The seed productivity of the collection samples varied from 27.2 g/m2 (the sample ‘SGP-128') to 101.0 g/m2 (the sample ‘SGP-414'). The average productivity of the standard variety ‘Rostovskaya 90' was 53.2 g/m2. About 23% of the samples that exceeded the standard variety produced 60-101 g/m2. Analysis of the graphs of the correlation between productivity and other traits made it possible to determine their optimal values, namely height of alfalfa plants varied from 80.3 (‘SPCh-434') to 107.3 cm (‘SGP-414'). The optimum plant height was between 94 and 98 cm. The number of beans per bunch in the studied samples varied from 8.8 to 16.2 pcs.; the optimal number of beans per bunch was from 12 to 13 pcs.; the number of turns on a bean was from 1.4 to 2.8, the optimal number was 2.4-2.6. The number of seeds in a bean varied on average from 3.1 to 6.4 pcs., the optimal number was 5.0-5.5 pcs. These values have formed the basis for the model of the alfalfa variety. The study of the alfalfa collection resulted in the identification several samples due to their productive and economically valuable traits.

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Productivity and elements of its structure of the new pea lines

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2018-59-5-26-28 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 26-28

Author(s):

A. R. Ashiev ◽

М. V. Skulova ◽

K. N. Khabibullin

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Standard Variety ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Grain Productivity ◽

Weather And Climate ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

The Given ◽

Fineness Of Grain ◽

Seed Growing ◽

Variety Testing

The studies were carried out in 2016–2018 in the competitive variety testing of peas on the crop rotation fields belonging to the laboratory of legume breeding and seed-growing of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, located in the part of the Rostov region with unstable humidity (Zernograd). During the years of research, the meteorological conditions of the pea vegetation were contrast that made it possible to objectively estimate the pea lines in the given weather and climate conditions. In the competitive variety testing, the 18 lines were studied according to economically valuable traits (seed productivity, productivity elements, adaptability to machine harvesting). As a result of the study, the 6 pea lines were identified: 2 lines of the mustache morphotype “G-1002”, “G-1003”; 4 leafy lines “G-1010”, “G-1011”, “G-1013” and “G-1015”. In the group of the mustache morphotype, 2 lines “G-1002” (on 0.30 t/ha), “G-1003” (on 0.39 t/ha) exceeded the grain productivity of the standard variety for 3 years of study on average. The productivity increase was from 12.4 to 16.1%. In the group of variety samples of the leafy morphotype, the line “G-1010” (on 0.31 t/ha) significantly exceeded grain productivity of the standard variety. All the selected lines were tolerant to their seed-shedding. The line “G-1010” (48.8 pc per plant) showed the highest seed yield per plant. The lines “G-1003” (222.1 g), “G-1011” (209.5 g) and “G-1013” (207.8 g) had the largest fineness of grain. The line “G-1010” (8.85 g/plant) demonstrated the highest productivity per plant. However, having a low coefficient of resistance to lodging (0.35), this line has the greatest loss of seeds during harvesting. The identified lines will be used in further breeding work according to a number of their economically valuable traits.

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Homeostaticity of the collection samples of soybeans according to the trait “seed weight per plant”

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2020-71-5-68-72 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 68-72

Author(s):

A. R. Ashiev ◽

M. V. Skulova ◽

A. V. Chegunova

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

Research Center ◽

Standard Variety ◽

High Productivity ◽

Ecological Adaptability ◽

Study Results ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Early Ripening

The current paper has presented the study results on the homeostaticity of the collection samples of soybeans according to the trait “seed weight per plant” in the southern part of the Rostov region, conducted on the fields of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2017-2019. The purpose of the research was to determine the homeostaticity of the collection samples of soybeans according to the trait “seed weight per plant”. The objects of the research were 75 samples of soybeans of the middle early ripening group, which varied according to their morphological, biological and economically valuable traits and properties. There have been selected 27 collection samples of soybeans, which significantly exceeded the standard variety in terms of to the trait “seed weight per plant”. The soybean variety ‘Don 21' developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” was used as a standard variety. The meteorological conditions during the growing season of soybeans during the years of study were different, which made it possible to objectively estimate the parameters of homeostaticity. For statistical processing of the results obtained, there were used the Dospekhov's methods of analysis of variance, the homeostaticity indices (Hom) were calculated according to V. V. Khangildin. (1984). According to the study results, it was established that the sample ‘Veselovskaya 5', ‘Line 504/11' and ‘PR 110370 OZ 006' had high productivity indices per a plant, along with high homeostaticity indices. There has been recommended to use them in breeding for homeostaticity and ecological adaptability. The highly productive samples ‘Im 55-2', ‘Kyoto', ‘Kofu', ‘Line 696-1', ‘M-91-212006, ‘RZhT Shuna', ‘SVH 14 TOS 1D' have shown a low index of homeostaticity. They could be characterized as the samples responsive to the improvement of environmental conditions and could be recommended as an initial material when developing varieties of intensive type.

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Production tests of a new variety of sudan grass Evgeniya under the conditions of Lower Volga Region

сборник статей всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием "Растениеводство и луговодство" ◽

10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-163 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

E. A. Vertikova ◽

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Volga Region ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

New Variety ◽

Lower Volga Region ◽

Sudan Grass ◽

Lower Volga ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Viable Seeds

With the aim of introducing a new variety of Sudanese grass, Evgenia, into agricultural production in the Lower Volga region, they conducted production tests. Clarified the methods of cultivating varieties for seeds. As a result of the research, it was found that the Evgenia variety was characterized by high values of economically valuable traits. To obtain high-quality seeds, the variety is recommended to be sown with row spacing of 30 cm and with a seeding rate of 0.6-0.7 million pcs. viable seeds per hectare.

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THE NEW MAIZE HYBRID ‘ZERNOGRADSKY 299 MB’ OF GRAIN AND SILAGE USE

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2019-64-4-46-49 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 46-49

Author(s):

G. Ya. Krivosheev ◽

A. S. Ignatiev

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The State ◽

Standard Variety ◽

Maize Hybrid ◽

Grain Productivity ◽

Green Fodder ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Variety Testing

Changing climatic conditions and the loss of immunity to diseases and pests of the developed varieties make breeding work to create new genotypes of great necessity. The new middle-early maize hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 299 MB’ of universal direction of economic use (for grain and green fodder) has been developed in the “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The hybrid is three-linear; it belongs to the varieties with crown yellow grain Zea mays L. indentata. It possesses high values of the main economically valuable traits. The average grain productivity through 3 years of competitive variety testing (2014–2016) was 5.36 t/ha, the variety yield exceeded the standard variety ‘Zernogradsky 291 AMB’ on 0.41 t/ha (8.3%). The average productivity of green mass is 27.6 t / ha, which is higher than that of the standard variety on 2.4 t/ha (9.5%). The new hybrid is resistant to lodging (2.1% of lodged plants), drought-resistant, resistant to smut on a natural background (0.4% of affected plants), has a high starch percentage (71.9%). In 2018, according to the results of the State Variety Testing, a new hybrid was introduced into the State List and approved for use in the Central Blackearth and NizheVolzhsky regions to cultivate it for grain and green fodder. It has a high potential for grain productivity. The maximum yield (11.23 t/ha) was obtained in the Central Blackearth region on the Oboyansk plot of the Kursk region, which is higher than the standard variety ‘Voronezhsky 279 CB’ on 2.03 t/ha (22.1%) with lower grain harvesting moisture (on 1,6%) than the standard variety.

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PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS STRUCTURE ELEMENTS OF THE WINTER SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES AND LINES IN THE COMPETITIVE VARIETY-TESTING CONDUCTED BY THE ARC “DONSKOY”

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2019-63-3-26-29 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 26-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. N. Gromova ◽

O. V. Skripka ◽

A. P. Samofalov ◽

S. V. Podgorny ◽

O. A. Nekrasova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Unit Area ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Standard Variety ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Average Value ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Ear Number ◽

Variety Testing

The researches were conducted in 2016–2017 by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” to study varieties and promising lines of winter wheat of intensive type according to their productivity and economically valuable traits. According to productivity through the years of study the variety ‘Donskaya Step’ and the lines ‘1005/14’ and ‘1074/14’ have been identified with a yield increase from 0.52 to 1.38 t/ha (HCP05=0.47 t/ha) compared to the standard variety ‘Ermak’. The analysis showed that the maximum number of productive stems per unit area was formed by the varieties ‘Yubiley Dona’ (582 pcs / m2) and ‘Etyud’ (569 pcs / m2) in comparison to the average value of the standard variety ‘Ermak’ (488 pcs / m2). According to ‘length of an ear’, ‘number of kernels per ear’ and ‘kernels’ weight per ear’ there was identified the variety ‘Kipchak’ (10.39 cm; 43.05 pieces and 1.87 g respectively). ‘Kernels’ weight per ear’ of the other varieties varied from 1.36 g (‘Shef’) to 1.87 g (‘Aksiniya’). ‘Grain weight per plant’ ranged from 2.86g (‘Shef’) to 3.68g (‘1074/14’). ‘Number of kernels per plant’ of the studied varieties varied from 67.2 pcs (‘Shef’) to 87.2 pcs (‘1005/14’). The line ‘1074/14’ showed the largest index of ‘grain weight per plant’ (3.68g). The line ‘1005/14’ was the best in ‘number of kernels per ear’ (87.2 pcs).

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Ecological estimation of winter peas in the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2020-72-6-95-100 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 95-100

Author(s):

A. R. Ashiev ◽

M. V. Skulova ◽

K. N. Khabibullin

Keyword(s):

Statistical Data ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Standard Variety ◽

Seed Productivity ◽

The Third ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Study Results ◽

Different Types ◽

Early Ripening ◽

Spring Sowing

The current paper has presented the study results on the ecological estimation of seed peas of different types of development. The purpose of our study was to assess the quantitative and qualitative indicators of seed peas varieties of different types of development in the southern part of the Rostov region. The trials were carried out on the experimental plots of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” at the laboratory for legumes breeding and seed production. Autumn sowing was carried out in the second decade of October. Spring sowing was conducted in the third decade of March. The objects of the study were the variety ‘Legion’ sown in autumn and spring in comparison with the variety ‘Aksaysky Usatiy 5’, which was used as a standard variety in the trials. The statistical data were processed according to B. A. Dospekhov’s methodology (2012) using Excel with the STATISTICA 10 application. The variety ‘Legion’ sown in autumn ripened earlier in comparison with the standard variety ‘Aksaysky Usatiy 5’. Early ripening of winter peas than spring peas made it possible to evenly distribute the load on the harvesting equipment, since ripening of spring peas often coincided with ripening of winter grain crops, such as winter barley and winter wheat. The variety ‘Legion’ sown in winter exceeded the standard variety ‘Aksaysky Usatiy 5’ in such indicators as “plant height”, “number of beans”, “number of seeds”, “seed weight per plant” and “protein percentage”. The study results have shown that the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region were favorable for the cultivation of winter peas. The winter peas ripened a decade earlier than spring peas, and seed productivity was 1.7–1.8 times larger.

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Individual and Combined Effects of Planting Date, Seeding Rate, Relative Maturity, and Row Spacing on Soybean Yield

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030605 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 605

Author(s):

Peder K. Schmitz ◽

Hans J. Kandel

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Planting Date ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Beginning Of Flowering

Planting date (PD), seeding rate (SR), relative maturity (RM) of cultivars, and row spacing (RS) are primary management factors affecting soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield. The individual and synergistic effects of PD, SR, RM, and RS on seed yield and agronomic characteristics in North Dakota were herein investigated. Early and late PD, early and late RM cultivars, two SR (408,000 and 457,000 seed ha−1), and two RS (30.5 and 61 cm) were evaluated in four total environments in 2019 and 2020. Maximizing green canopy cover prior to the beginning of flowering improved seed yield. Individual factors of early PD and narrow RS resulted in yield increase of 311 and 266 kg ha−1, respectively. The combined factors of early PD, late RM, high SR, and narrow RS improved yield by 26% and provided a $350 ha−1 partial profit over conventional practices. Canopy cover and yield had relatively weak relationships with r2 of 0.36, 0.23, 0.14, and 0.21 at the two trifoliolate, four trifoliolate, beginning of flowering, and beginning of pod formation soybean growth stages, respectively. Producers in the most northern soybean region of the USA should combine early planting, optimum RM cultivars, 457,000 seed ha−1 SR, and 31 cm RS to improve yield and profit compared to current management practices.

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Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Judit Barroso ◽

Nicholas G. Genna

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Seeding Rate

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha−1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha−1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.

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