scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS STRUCTURE ELEMENTS OF THE WINTER SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES AND LINES IN THE COMPETITIVE VARIETY-TESTING CONDUCTED BY THE ARC “DONSKOY”

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Gromova ◽  
O. V. Skripka ◽  
A. P. Samofalov ◽  
S. V. Podgorny ◽  
O. A. Nekrasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Ear Number ◽  
Variety Testing

The researches were conducted in 2016–2017 by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” to study varieties and promising lines of winter wheat of intensive type according to their productivity and economically valuable traits. According to productivity through the years of study the variety ‘Donskaya Step’ and the lines ‘1005/14’ and ‘1074/14’ have been identified with a yield increase from 0.52 to 1.38 t/ha (HCP05=0.47 t/ha) compared to the standard variety ‘Ermak’. The analysis showed that the maximum number of productive stems per unit area was formed by the varieties ‘Yubiley Dona’ (582 pcs / m2) and ‘Etyud’ (569 pcs / m2) in comparison to the average value of the standard variety ‘Ermak’ (488 pcs / m2). According to ‘length of an ear’, ‘number of kernels per ear’ and ‘kernels’ weight per ear’ there was identified the variety ‘Kipchak’ (10.39 cm; 43.05 pieces and 1.87 g respectively). ‘Kernels’ weight per ear’ of the other varieties varied from 1.36 g (‘Shef’) to 1.87 g (‘Aksiniya’). ‘Grain weight per plant’ ranged from 2.86g (‘Shef’) to 3.68g (‘1074/14’). ‘Number of kernels per plant’ of the studied varieties varied from 67.2 pcs (‘Shef’) to 87.2 pcs (‘1005/14’). The line ‘1074/14’ showed the largest index of ‘grain weight per plant’ (3.68g). The line ‘1005/14’ was the best in ‘number of kernels per ear’ (87.2 pcs).

scholarly journals Productivity and elements of its structure of the new pea lines

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
A. R. Ashiev ◽  
М. V. Skulova ◽  
K. N. Khabibullin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
The Given ◽  
Fineness Of Grain ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Variety Testing

The studies were carried out in 2016–2018 in the competitive variety testing of peas on the crop rotation fields belonging to the laboratory of legume breeding and seed-growing of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, located in the part of the Rostov region with unstable humidity (Zernograd). During the years of research, the meteorological conditions of the pea vegetation were contrast that made it possible to objectively estimate the pea lines in the given weather and climate conditions. In the com­petitive variety testing, the 18 lines were studied according to economically valuable traits (seed productivity, productivity elements, adaptability to machine harvesting). As a result of the study, the 6 pea lines were identified: 2 lines of the mustache morphotype “G-1002”, “G-1003”; 4 leafy lines “G-1010”, “G-1011”, “G-1013” and “G-1015”. In the group of the mustache morphotype, 2 lines “G-1002” (on 0.30 t/ha), “G-1003” (on 0.39 t/ha) exceeded the grain productivity of the standard variety for 3 years of study on aver­age. The productivity increase was from 12.4 to 16.1%. In the group of variety samples of the leafy morphotype, the line “G-1010” (on 0.31 t/ha) significantly exceeded grain productivity of the standard variety. All the selected lines were tolerant to their seed-shedding. The line “G-1010” (48.8 pc per plant) showed the highest seed yield per plant. The lines “G-1003” (222.1 g), “G-1011” (209.5 g) and “G-1013” (207.8 g) had the largest fineness of grain. The line “G-1010” (8.85 g/plant) demonstrated the highest productivity per plant. However, having a low coefficient of resistance to lodging (0.35), this line has the greatest loss of seeds during harvesting. The iden­tified lines will be used in further breeding work according to a number of their economically valuable traits.

scholarly journals THE NEW MAIZE HYBRID ‘ZERNOGRADSKY 299 MB’ OF GRAIN AND SILAGE USE

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Krivosheev ◽  
A. S. Ignatiev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Variety Testing

Changing climatic conditions and the loss of immunity to diseases and pests of the developed varieties make breeding work to create new genotypes of great necessity. The new middle-early maize hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 299 MB’ of universal direction of economic use (for grain and green fodder) has been developed in the “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The hybrid is three-linear; it belongs to the varieties with crown yellow grain Zea mays L. indentata. It possesses high values of the main economically valuable traits. The average grain productivity through 3 years of competitive variety testing (2014–2016) was 5.36 t/ha, the variety yield exceeded the standard variety ‘Zernogradsky 291 AMB’ on 0.41 t/ha (8.3%). The average productivity of green mass is 27.6 t / ha, which is higher than that of the standard variety on 2.4 t/ha (9.5%). The new hybrid is resistant to lodging (2.1% of lodged plants), drought-resistant, resistant to smut on a natural background (0.4% of affected plants), has a high starch percentage (71.9%). In 2018, according to the results of the State Variety Testing, a new hybrid was introduced into the State List and approved for use in the Central Blackearth and NizheVolzhsky regions to cultivate it for grain and green fodder. It has a high potential for grain productivity. The maximum yield (11.23 t/ha) was obtained in the Central Blackearth region on the Oboyansk plot of the Kursk region, which is higher than the standard variety ‘Voronezhsky 279 CB’ on 2.03 t/ha (22.1%) with lower grain harvesting moisture (on 1,6%) than the standard variety.

scholarly journals The study of the nature of the inheritance of quantitative traits in F1 hybrids of winter soft wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00084
Author(s):  
Olga Antoshina ◽  
Julia Odnodushnova ◽  
Gennadiy Fadkin ◽  
Irina Kondakova ◽  
Olga Fedosova
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Ear Number

In the conditions of the south of the Nonchernozem Zone, intraspecific hybridization of winter soft wheat was carried out. When selecting parental forms used in crossing, special attention was paid to such economically valuable traits as productive tilling capacity, the number of grains and the mass of grain per spike. The true (Htru) and hypothetical heterosis (Hhyp) on the basis of “plant height”, “length of the lower internode”, “length of the upper internode”, “general tilling capacity”, “productive tilling capacity”, “spike length”, “number of spikelets”, “number of grains” and “grain weight per spike” were determined. It was established that the inheritance of quantitative traits in hybrids of the first generation was distinguished by the complex nature of distribution by types. Studies have made possible to identify 5 hybrid combinations F1, in which the effect of heterosis manifests itself simultaneously on five quantitative characteristics (ear length, number of spikelets per ear, number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear, mass grain from a plant).

scholarly journals Homeostaticity of the collection samples of soybeans according to the trait “seed weight per plant”

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
A. R. Ashiev ◽  
M. V. Skulova ◽  
A. V. Chegunova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Early Ripening

The current paper has presented the study results on the homeostaticity of the collection samples of soybeans according to the trait “seed weight per plant” in the southern part of the Rostov region, conducted on the fields of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2017-2019. The purpose of the research was to determine the homeostaticity of the collection samples of soybeans according to the trait “seed weight per plant”. The objects of the research were 75 samples of soybeans of the middle early ripening group, which varied according to their morphological, biological and economically valuable traits and properties. There have been selected 27 collection samples of soybeans, which significantly exceeded the standard variety in terms of to the trait “seed weight per plant”. The soybean variety ‘Don 21' developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” was used as a standard variety. The meteorological conditions during the growing season of soybeans during the years of study were different, which made it possible to objectively estimate the parameters of homeostaticity. For statistical processing of the results obtained, there were used the Dospekhov's methods of analysis of variance, the homeostaticity indices (Hom) were calculated according to V. V. Khangildin. (1984). According to the study results, it was established that the sample ‘Veselovskaya 5', ‘Line 504/11' and ‘PR 110370 OZ 006' had high productivity indices per a plant, along with high homeostaticity indices. There has been recommended to use them in breeding for homeostaticity and ecological adaptability. The highly productive samples ‘Im 55-2', ‘Kyoto', ‘Kofu', ‘Line 696-1', ‘M-91-212006, ‘RZhT Shuna', ‘SVH 14 TOS 1D' have shown a low index of homeostaticity. They could be characterized as the samples responsive to the improvement of environmental conditions and could be recommended as an initial material when developing varieties of intensive type.

scholarly journals The new peas variety “Pamyati Popova”

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
F. A. Davletov ◽  
G. М. Nigmatullina ◽  
К. P. Gaynullina ◽  
А. V. Pleshkov ◽  
F. F. Safn
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Period ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Variety Testing

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a widespread leguminous crop. It is used for food purposes, as well as concentrated high-protein feed  for  farm animals.  In addition  to a great nutrition value, a balanced amino acid composition and an excellent  taste,  it  is peas that is capable to produce large grain yields even in the risky arable zone, which most of the territory of our country belongs to. The development of the new high-protein, productive pea varieties that most fully realize the soil-climatic potential and meet the requirements of agricultural production is an urgent concern of breeders. The purpose of the current study was to develop a new pea variety, adapted for cultivation in the Republic of Bashkortostan. There has been estimated the collection peas material on morphobiological and economically valuable traits. The best varieties have been used for hybridization. Among the hybridized breeding forms there has been identifed the line “L-31315/14” which possesses economically valuable traits. In 2019, this line was sent to the State Variety Testing as the variety “Pamyati Popova”. The new variety was bred by multiple individual selection from a hybrid population “K-7992” (Korea) × “Barbel”. The variety “Pamyati Popova” is a middle ripening variety with 64–78 days of vegetation period. The kernels contain 20.7–22.4% of protein. The variety is of good taste and cooking properties. Its disease and pests’ resistance is similar to that of the standard variety. According to the Competitive Variety Testing, the average yield increase of the variety “Pamyati Popova” was on 3.9 hwt/ha in 2016–2019. The largest kernel yield of the variety was 26.9 hwt/ha in 2017.

scholarly journals The study results of the winter soft wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origin in the south of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Ivanisov ◽  
D. M. Marchenko ◽  
E. I. Nekrasov ◽  
I. A. Rybas ◽  
T. A. Grichanikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Grain Crop

The improvement of grain production is the most important global task. The introduction of new highly productive varieties of the leading grain crop, winter wheat, plays a huge role in its solution. The paper presents the study results of 80 winter soft wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origin. Frost and winter resistance rise of the developed winter soft wheat genotypes today and in the nearest future is one of the main directions of breeding work. The preservation of highly productive winter soft wheat varieties varied from 0.0% to 78.3% at a freezing temperature of –19 °C. The varieties “Kaprizulya”, “Lilit”, “Zhavoronok”, “Lydia”, “Krasa Dona”, “Polina”, “Volnitsa” and “Volny Don”, developed in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” have the highest frost resistance among the studied samples, they preserved 57.0 ... 78.3% of living plants. Grain productivity of the samples ranged from 6.36 to 8.90 t/ha in 2015–2017. The 16 out of 80 studied varieties reliably (НСР05 = 0.64 t/ha) exceeded the standard variety “Don 107” for this trait. Productivity of the best samples ranged from 8.14 t/ha (“СО 911”) to 8.90 t / ha (“Laureat”). The biological productivity of winter soft wheat varieties varied from 8.37 to 9.07 t/ha, exceeding the standard variety from 0.67 t/ha (“СО 911”) to 1.37 t/ha (“Laureat”). It should be noted that the correlation coefficient of actual and biological productivity was 0.84±0.06. As a result of the current study, there were identified the genotypes “Lydia”, “Volnitsa” and “Zhavoronok” combining high productivity, grain quality and resistance to low negative temperatures.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THE NEW WINTER DURUM WHEAT VARIETIES ‘YAKHONT’ AND ‘YANTARINA’

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
N.P. Ilichkina ◽  
◽  
N.E. Samofalova ◽  
T.S. Bezuglaya ◽  
O.A. Dubinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North

In 2018 and 2020, two winter durum wheat varieties, ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’, were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for the North Caucasus region. They were developed at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” by the intraspecific stepwise hybridization using both varieties and lines created in the ARC “Donskoy” and from the other regions. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the new winter durum wheat varieties ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ according to productivity, resistance to abiotic and biotic stress factors, grain and pasta quality. The study was carried out in 2014–2020 in the ARC “Donskoy” located in the southern part of the Rostov region, which is favorable for winter durum wheat cultivation. The soil of the experimental plot – chernozem ordinary calcareous heavy loamy. The climate of the region is characterized by semi-arid hot summers and moderately mild winters. The sum of positive temperatures is more than 3400°С; Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) – 0.8; average annual air temperature – 9.7°С. The average annual precipitation is 450–600 mm. This paper presents the results of studying varieties according to the traits and properties mentioned above, points to their advantages compared to the standard variety ‘Donchanka’. On average, over seven years of competitive testing, the varieties ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ showed the following: productivity – 8.46 and 8.52 t/ha; 1000-grain weight – 40.8 and 43.5 g; drought tolerance – 4.5 points both; lodging resistance – 4.6 and 4.2 points; leaf rust resistance – 10–20% both. They excided the standard variety ‘Donchanka’ by 1.17 and 1.23 t/ha; 4.0 and 6.7 g; 0.5 points; 1.0 and 0.6 points; 3.0 %; 10%, respectively. The varieties ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ formed higher yields due to the increased number of productive stems per 1 m2 (591 and 542; the standard variety formed 498 productive stems), the productivity per head (1.52 and 1.68 g, the standard variety yielded 1.47 g). According to grain and pasta quality, ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ met not only the requirements of GOST R9353-2016 but also exceeded the standard variety ‘Donchanka’ in vitreousness (by 7.4 and 8.0%), grain nature (by 41 and 46 g/l), gluten content (by 2.0 and 0.70%), falling number (by 4 and 44 seconds), SDS-sedimentation (by 4 and 3 ml).

scholarly journals The effect of a number of quantitative traits on seed productivity of alfalfa samples

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
К. N. Goryunov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Optimal Values

The current paper has presented the correlation between alfalfa seed productivity and the values of morphological characteristics for a three-year growing cycle. The purpose of the study was to estimate the correlation between the alfalfa samples' productivity and the elements of its structure and other traits in order to find their optimal values. The study was carried out in 2017-2019 on the experimental plots of the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The material for the research was a working collection of 105 alfalfa samples, varieties and lines, and the standard variety ‘Rostovskaya 90'. The crops were sown in row, in double repetition, with row spacing of 20 cm on a plot of 1m2, the seeding rate was 2 g/m2. The seed productivity of the collection samples varied from 27.2 g/m2 (the sample ‘SGP-128') to 101.0 g/m2 (the sample ‘SGP-414'). The average productivity of the standard variety ‘Rostovskaya 90' was 53.2 g/m2. About 23% of the samples that exceeded the standard variety produced 60-101 g/m2. Analysis of the graphs of the correlation between productivity and other traits made it possible to determine their optimal values, namely height of alfalfa plants varied from 80.3 (‘SPCh-434') to 107.3 cm (‘SGP-414'). The optimum plant height was between 94 and 98 cm. The number of beans per bunch in the studied samples varied from 8.8 to 16.2 pcs.; the optimal number of beans per bunch was from 12 to 13 pcs.; the number of turns on a bean was from 1.4 to 2.8, the optimal number was 2.4-2.6. The number of seeds in a bean varied on average from 3.1 to 6.4 pcs., the optimal number was 5.0-5.5 pcs. These values have formed the basis for the model of the alfalfa variety. The study of the alfalfa collection resulted in the identification several samples due to their productive and economically valuable traits.

NEW VARIETIES OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT IT IS A RESULTS FROM SELECTION IN ADAPTABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY

1970 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
А. I. Grabovets ◽  
М. А. Fomenko ◽  
T. А. Oleynikova ◽  
Е. А. Zheleznyak
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Initial Forms ◽  
Variety Testing

Research on winter wheat breeding was carried out in 2010-2020 at the Federal Rostov agricultural research center in the steppe zone with insufficient moisture. Soils of the southern carbonate Chernozem. The article describes the stages of coadaptation and creation of initial forms that served as the parents of new wheat varieties, which are being prepared for transfer to the State variety testing in 2021. The varieties are the result of the implementation of wheat breeding projects aimed at curbing climate volatility in recent years. The essence of the complex of resistance to stressors lies in the guaranteed resistance of the created genotypes to morozam (they must withstand at the depth of the tillering node –18⁰C), with a duration of springization of more than 60 days, during thaws they did not grow, they could withstand up to two months of lapped ice crust. The created forms should not be damaged during frosts in April and may, and should be characterized by high heat and drought resistance. To solve these problems, a special methodology was developed for creating genetic variability of breeding source material that is adequate to the changing climate. In the Volnaya zarya variety transferred to the GSI, the yield was 6.7 t / ha (maximum –8.32 t/ha), in the Donskaya T 20 variety – 7.0 t/ha (8.0 t/ha), the protein content in the grain was 14.1 and 14.0%, respectively. The article presents immunological characteristics of varieties, evaluation of their stability to abiotic factors (wintering frost, heat drought), response of varieties to sowing date and soil fertility.

scholarly journals Assessment of the variability of economically valuable traits in spring rape lines of mutant origin

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Yu. Kumanska ◽  
L. Shubenko
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Mutant Forms ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Spring Rape

The aim of the research was to assess the variability of economically valuable traits: the number of pods on the central inflorescence, the length of the pod and the number of seeds in the pod, in lines of mutant origin of spring rape. The studies were carried out in 2014–2015 in the conditions of the experimental field ETC of BNAU. The starting material was four lines of mutant origin of spring rape obtained from the Magnat variety after treatment of its seeds with mutagens. Variety Magnat and variety-standard Maria were taken for control. According to the research results, the following were identified: by the number of pods on the central inflorescence, the mutant lines IVR 16–7, IVR 16–5 and IVR 16–2. In the line of mutant origin IVR 16–7, on average, over the years of research, 34.7 pods were obtained on the main inflorescence, in mutant forms IVR 16–5 – 34.4 pods. and in IVR 16–2 – 33.8 pcs. respectively, which exceeded the standard variety Maria – 30.0 pcs. and the original variety Magnat – 23.5 pcs. In the line of mutant origin IVR 16–2, there was a slight variation of the trait, the average value of the coefficient of variation (V, %) was 7.4 %, the variance (s2) was 6.8, and the standard deviation (s) was 2.6. All of the above mutant forms showed stability in the formation of the number of pods on the central inflorescence over the years of research. The longest pod length was obtained in the IVR 16–7 line – 7.6 cm. A larger pod length compared to the controls was also obtained in the IVR 16–5 – 7.4 cm. According to the coefficient of variation, all the studied lines of mutant origin of spring rape were characterized by weak and medium varying the sign (V = 3.5–13.6 %). The largest number of seeds in a pod (28.2 pcs.) Was obtained in the line of mutant origin IVR 16–7, the average value of the indicator exceeded the standard variety Maria and the original variety Magnat by 1.7 seeds. This line was characterized by an average variation of the trait, as indicated by the obtained coefficient of variation V = 11.9 and 14.8 %. The line of mutant origin IVR 16–5 (27.7 pcs.) Was also distinguished by an increased number of seeds in the pod compared to controls. In IVR 16–2, the number of seeds in the pod was formed – 27.4 pcs., The line had a weak variation (V, %) – 5.7 and 6.6 % of the trait in the years of research. Key words: line of mutant origin, spring rape, mutagenesis, selection, number of pods on the central inflorescence, pod length, number of seeds in a pod.

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