Municipal-Indigenous Relations in Ontario: Initiatives in Brantford, Hamilton, and Niagara

2021 ◽  
pp. e20190042
Author(s):  
Joanne Heritz
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Indigenous Policy ◽  
Six Nations ◽  
Grand River ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between local government and urban Indigenous Peoples in Ontario is understudied, even though over half of Canada’s Indigenous population live in urban centres, one in five of Canada’s Indigenous population live in Ontario, and the Six Nations of the Grand River has the largest reserve population in Canada. Brantford, Hamilton, and Niagara were selected to build on previous research that mapped Municipal-Indigenous relations in seven municipalities across Canada. Studies regarding Municipal-Indigenous relations indicate the degree of inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in policy processes is as unique as each municipality. Some municipalities are urban Indigenous policy innovators with formal mechanisms for Indigenous inclusion in policy processes while others lag. An investigation of three Ontario municipalities is pivotal in partially supporting the finding that larger urban centres with proportionately smaller Indigenous populations are moving toward substantive Indigenous relationship building when compared to smaller municipalities with proportionately higher Indigenous populations.

scholarly journals Planting the S.E.E.D.S of Indigenous Population Health Data Linkage

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn K Rowe ◽  
Jennifer D Walker
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Data Stewardship

IntroductionThe increasing accessibility of data through digitization and linkage has resulted in Indigenous and allied individuals, scholars, practitioners, and data users recognizing a need to advance ways that assert Indigenous sovereignty and governance within data environments. Advances are being talked about around the world for how Indigenous data is collected, used, stored, shared, linked, and analysed. Objectives and ApproachDuring the International Population Data Linkage Network Conference in September of 2018, two sessions were hosted and led by international collaborators that focused on regional Indigenous health data linkage. Notes, discussions, and artistic contributions gathered from the conference led to collaborative efforts to highlight the common approaches to Indigenous data linkage, as discussed internationally. This presentation will share the braided culmination of these discussions and offer S.E.E.D.S as a set of guiding Indigenous data linkage principles. ResultsS.E.E.D.S emerges as a living and expanding set of guiding principles that: 1) prioritizes Indigenous Peoples’ right to Self-determination; 2) makes space for Indigenous Peoples to Exercise sovereignty; 3) adheres to Ethical protocols; 4) acknowledges and respects Data stewardship and governance, and; 5) works to Support reconciliation between Indigenous Peoples and settler states. S.E.E.D.S aims to centre and advance Indigenous-driven population data linkage and research while weaving together common global approaches to Indigenous data linkage. Conclusion / ImplicationsEach of the five elements of S.E.E.D.S interweave and need to be enacted together to create a positive Indigenous data linkage environment. When implemented together, the primary goals of the S.E.E.D.S Principles is to guide positive Indigenous population health data linkage in an effort to create more meaningful research approaches through improved Indigenous-based research processes. The implementation of these principles can, in turn, lead to better measurements of health progress that are critical to enhancing health care policy and improving health and wellness outcomes for Indigenous populations.

scholarly journals Creating a sense of ‘CLOSURE’: Providing confidence intervals on some recent estimates of indigenous populations

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyd H. Hunter ◽  
Mardi H. Dungey
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
National Level ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Dual System ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Policy Makers

The error of closure is the population growth that cannot be accounted for by either natural increase or quantifiable non-demographic factors, and is an issue that is particularly pronounced for indigenous peoples. This paper estimates Australia’s indigenous population using the dual system estimation method, and compares these to those produced using the standard undercount method. The main conclusion is that dual system estimates of the indigenous population appear to be reasonably accurate at the national level, which provide an appreciation of the reliability of existing estimates. Notwithstanding, policy makers need to take into account that population statistics are merely estimates.

scholarly journals Guest Editors' Introduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Shrubsole ◽  
Laura Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Indigenous Policy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
The Relationship

We are very pleased to present the International Indigenous Policy Journal’s special edition on Water and Indigenous Peoples. The idea behind the special edition was to address the complications and nuances of the relationship between Indigenous peoples and water. While not exhaustive of all the issues regarding Indigenous peoples and water, we have been mindful to include in this edition papers that address many of the key indicators of unsafe drinking water on Indigenous reserve communities. We feel that this edition successfully interrogates why many reserves are still out of reach of safe drinking water, and we hope that the insights offered open up further dialogue and possibilities for meaningful and useful policy in the future.

Indigenous Policy and Politics in Twentieth-Century Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth W. Garfield
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Indigenous Policy

Over the course of the 20th century, Brazil’s Indigenous population underwent dramatic change. Frontier expansion, agricultural modernization, and natural resource extraction led to the invasion of Indigenous lands and interethnic conflict. Indigenous peoples that had once secured refuge through territorial dominion were besieged by settlers and epidemic disease. Communities with longer histories of integration confronted expulsion, social marginalization, and bigotry. Dominant ideologies tended to dichotomize Indigenous peoples as cultural isolates or degenerates. The Brazilian state played a key role in the social transformation of the countryside through the expansion of transportation infrastructure, the subsidization of large-scale agriculture, and the promotion of mineral extraction and hydroelectric power. Upholding developmentalism as an economic and geopolitical imperative, the Brazilian state sought to mediate ensuing social conflicts. The Indigenous Affairs bureau aspired to conciliate interethnic tension through adoption of a protectionist policy and “tutelage” of Native peoples, yet full-fledged Indigenous acculturation, deemed indispensable for nation-building and market integration, remained the endgame. Confronting the onslaught on their lifeways, Indigenous peoples mobilized in defense of their communities. With the support of domestic and foreign allies, Native peoples in Brazil made significant advances in demographic recovery, political organization, and legal recognition of their lands and cultures. Nevertheless, the Indigenous populations of Brazil continue to struggle against land invasion and poverty, violence, social prejudice, and challenges to their constitutional rights. The history of Indigenous policy and politics in 20th-century Brazil reflects not only a minority population’s fight for cultural survival and social inclusion but a battle over the soul of a nation.

scholarly journals Indigenous knowledge around the ethics of human research from the Oceania region: A scoping literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etivina Lovo ◽  
Lynn Woodward ◽  
Sarah Larkins ◽  
Robyn Preston ◽  
Unaisi Nabobo Baba
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Human Research ◽  
Scoping Literature Review

Abstract Background Many indigenous people have died or been harmed because of inadequately monitored research. Strong regulations in Human Research Ethics (HRE) are required to address these injustices and to ensure that peoples’ participation in health research is safe. Indigenous peoples advocate that research that respects indigenous principles can contribute to addressing their health inequities. This scoping literature review aims to analyze existing peer reviewed and grey literature to explore how indigenous values and principles from countries of Oceania are incorporated into HRE and the governance of research involving human participants. Methods A scoping literature review framework was used for this study. A search for peer reviewed and grey literature from Google, bibliographies, and electronic databases such as SCOPUS, SPRINGER, Medline (Ovid) and JBI Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted, limited to the years 2002–2020. Sixty (60) documents that focused on indigenous knowledge from Oceania region and HRE were included, from which key findings and themes were synthesized. Results Charting the data showed that more than half the eligible documents were peer-reviewed journal articles (54%). Other sources included: International Declarations on Human Research (8%); book chapters (8%); government documents (8%); HRE Guidelines or protocols (13%); news articles (7%) and PhD thesis (2%). The literature was from Australia, Cook Islands, Guam, New Zealand, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga and Vanuatu, some of which focused specifically on HREs in the Pacific Region. Issues emerging from the literature were grouped into five themes (i) indigenous and cultural principles of HRE; (ii) informed consent in indigenous settings in Oceania; (iii) vulnerability and minority status of indigenous populations exploited for research; (iv) research ethics governance for Oceania indigenous peoples; and (v) research ethics committees in Oceania. Respect, relationship building, and trust were priority indigenous HRE principles that encompass the principles of partnership, capacity building, reciprocity, and equality. Relationship building and trust imply the equal distribution of benefits for indigenous population and researchers. Conclusion Indigenous principles of HRE identified were interconnected and interdependent. Recommendations were to incorporate indigenous principles of research in HRE regulations and processes of all countries with indigenous populations. This is especially pertinent for emerging national research committees in LMIC countries, including Fiji and Tonga. Relationship building among researchers and indigenous populations is key to successful research with indigenous populations. HRE principles important for relationship building include respect that is reciprocal among researchers and indigenous people. Elements of the principle of respect highlighted are empathy, collaboration, sharing of benefits, reciprocity, appreciation, empowerment, protection, safety and awareness of culture and languages. Indigenous ontology from the Oceania region involves spirituality, connectedness to land, religious beliefs and a participatory approach to HRE and should be respected in research. An ethical governance mechanism of HRE is one that incorporates indigenous principles and applications for the purpose of maximizing the protection of the dignity and rights of indigenous peoples of Oceania.

scholarly journals Moving in the Circle: Indigenous Solidarity for Canadian Libraries

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Blair ◽  
Desmond Wong
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation ◽  
Indian Act ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Peuples Autochtones ◽  
New Framework

Libraries face new challenges in an era of reconciliation with Indigenous peoples as First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities are reclaiming their voices and building a new framework for its relationship with other Canadians. In order for libraries to begin the process of responding to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s 94 Calls to Action, library staff should educate themselves on the role that the library has played in the marginalization of Indigenous peoples. As 2017 marked both the 150th anniversary of Confederation and the 140th anniversary of the Indian Act, it is an appropriate time to reflect on the relationship between Indigenous peoples and settlers, especially in the context of library. This paper aims to introduce some of the systems that define settler-Indigenous relationships and proposes solidarity and relationship building as a path towards reconciliation. Les bibliothèques font face à de nouveaux défis dans une ère de réconciliation avec les peuples autochtones alors que les communautés des Premières nations, des Métis et des Inuits retrouvent leurs voix et établissent une nouvelle structure pour leurs relations avec les autres Canadiens. Pour que les bibliothèques puissent commencer à répondre aux 94 appels à l'action lancés par la Commission de vérité et réconciliation, le personnel des bibliothèques devrait se renseigner sur le rôle qu'elles ont joué dans la marginalisation des peuples autochtones. Comme l'année 2017 marquait à la fois le 150e anniversaire de la Confédération et le 140e anniversaire de la Loi sur les Indiens, le moment est venu de réfléchir aux relations entre les peuples autochtones et les colonisateurs, surtout dans le contexte des bibliothèques. Cet article vise à présenter certains des systèmes qui définissent les relations entre colonisateurs et autochtones, et propose que la solidarité et l'établissement de bonnes relations façonnent la voie vers la réconciliation.

scholarly journals The Articulation of the Indigenous Peoples of Brazil in Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Leite da Silva ◽  
Patrícia Emanuelle Nascimento ◽  
Ordália Cristina Gonçalves Araújo ◽  
Tamiris Maia Gonçalves Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Indigenous Organizations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Health Conceptions ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to analyze how the indigenous communities of Brazil have organized autonomous actions and strategies to confront the Covid-19 pandemic based on the articulation among their own historical experiences, their health conceptions, partnerships with scientific communities and other segments of society that support the indigenous struggle. The research articulates the political and theoretical modernity/coloniality/decoloniality movement with indigenous experiences and conceptions of health, body/spirituality and territory. For this task, we adopted an undisciplined methodology based on conversation, solidarity and analysis of discussions, sites, lives, bibliographic productions and official documents prepared by indigenous organizations and partner entities. The research has pointed out that the situation of greater vulnerability of indigenous populations is not only due to biological factors. Also, indigenous people have denounced the invasion of their territories, racism, the lack of sanitation policies, food insecurity, the circulation of people not belonging to the community (missionaries, miners, loggers, army), the difficult access to hospitals and the precariousness of the necessary resources for individual and collective asepsis have worsen the spread and lethality of the virus. Likewise the current indigenous struggle in this pandemic scenario, this article is not limited to a health discussion, yet it aims to contribute to think about the relationship between the pandemic and the dissemination of anti-democratic policies that simultaneously affect the right to health and the territory of these populations.

scholarly journals Reviewing Inequities in Primary Care Received by Indigenous Peoples in Ontario

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Heba Shahaed ◽  
Guneet Sandhu ◽  
Eric Seidlitz
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Quality Of Primary Care

Research has shown that Indigenous peoples in Canada experience health inequities when compared to the non-Indigenous population. High quality primary care has been described in literature; however, this has not been explored through the lens of Indigenous health. A scoping review was performed in order to investigate the quality of primary care received by indigenous peoples in Ontario. To conduct this review, a search of current literature on primary care in Indigenous communities in Ontario was performed. The studies examined in this review were derived from four different databases and many evaluated specific communities using a qualitative and quantitative approach. Several themes were identified including inadequate preparation and training of health care providers, physician and nursing shortages, strategies associated with improved quality of care, management of mental health, disparities in health service delivery station types and ineffective primary care impacts on hospitalizations. This literature search demonstrated a clear gap in the literature on the quality of primary care received by the Indigenous population in Ontario. Thus, further research is necessary in order to outline the current state of primary care being delivered to Indigenous populations in Ontario, and develop strategies to enhance the quality of care for this population.  

scholarly journals Freeport, the Environment, and the Amungme

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kole A. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship

The Amungme and Kamoro managed their environments for thousands of years in what is now Papua, Indonesia. In the late 1960s, seeking foreign capital to boost the nation’s economy, the president of Indonesia signed a contract with Freeport McMoRan Copper and Gold, which by 1988 began mining one of the world’s largest gold mines with almost no environmental regulations in place. Freeport’s close relationship to the Suharto regime resulted in the company’s ability to evade consequences for environmental and social damage. In the 1990s, NGOs began publicly criticizing the company’s substandard environmental and social record, pressuring the company through negative international attention. Freeport hurried to shield its reputation by investing in environmental management plans and addressing the social tensions with the indigenous population. Although many have addressed Freeport’s involvement in the abuses leveled on the environment and the indigenous populations in the mining concession, there is yet to be an analysis of this relationship through the lens of environmental justice history. While demonstrating how the political, material, and cultural levels of an environmental analysis aptly describe the relationship between Freeport, the environment, and the indigenous people, this thesis will argue that Freeport’s attempts at remediation were simply a veneer to ward off critics against the mining operations; all the while the company’s social and environmental records worsened over time. Freeport disrupted the lives of the indigenous people, who nevertheless showed complexity and agency in the face of great change.

scholarly journals The representation of Indigenous peoples in chronic disease clinical trials in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

2022 ◽  
pp. 174077452110691
Author(s):  
Valerie Umaefulam ◽  
Tessa Kleissen ◽  
Cheryl Barnabe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Populations

Background Indigenous peoples are overrepresented with chronic health conditions and experience suboptimal outcomes compared with non-Indigenous peoples. Genetic variations influence therapeutic responses, thus there are potential risks and harm when extrapolating evidence from the general population to Indigenous peoples. Indigenous population–specific clinical studies, and inclusion of Indigenous peoples in general population clinical trials, are perceived to be rare. Our study (1) identified and characterized Indigenous population–specific chronic disease trials and (2) identified the representation of Indigenous peoples in general population chronic disease trials conducted in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Methods For Objective 1, publicly available clinical trial registries were searched from May 2010 to May 2020 using Indigenous population–specific terms and included for data extraction if in pre-specified chronic disease. For identified trials, we extracted Indigenous population group identity and characteristics, type of intervention, and funding type. For Objective 2, a random selection of 10% of registered clinical trials was performed and the proportion of Indigenous population participants enrolled extracted. Results In total, 170 Indigenous population–specific chronic disease trials were identified. The clinical trials were predominantly behavioral interventions (n = 95). Among general population studies, 830 studies were randomly selected. When race was reported in studies (n = 526), Indigenous individuals were enrolled in 172 studies and constituted 5.6% of the total population enrolled in those studies. Conclusion Clinical trials addressing chronic disease conditions in Indigenous populations are limited. It is crucial to ensure adequate representation of Indigenous peoples in clinical trials to ensure trial data are applicable to their clinical care.

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