scholarly journals Effect of exogenous melatonin and flaxseed oil on the expression state of MT1 receptors in rat skin under light deprivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
I.S. Sobolevskaya ◽  
M.I. Krasnobaeva ◽  
O.D. Myadelets
Keyword(s):  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Light Deprivation ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Corrective Effect

Most of the skin cells have their own autonomous functional circadian system, which is able to control physiological and biochemical processes in the general integument. A special role in these processes is assigned to the “clock” hormone of the pineal gland, melatonin, which acts on target cells through specific receptors (MT1, MT2, MT3 and RORα). Any disturbance of circadian rhythms can lead to rearrangements (disturbances) in the receptor apparatus of the cells of the general cover, which require a certain correction. Consequently, there is a need to search for effective and reliable drugs that will prevent the negative consequences caused by chronodestruction. In the present work, we studied the effectiveness of the effect of exogenous melatonin and flaxseed oil on the expression of MT1 receptors in the general coat of rats under light deprivation. An experimental study was carried out on 130 white outbred male rats (170-220 g), which were randomly divided into 5 groups: intact, light deprivation animals, light deprivation animals, which were injected intragastrically with flaxseed oil and melatonin. On days 7, 14 and 21, histological material was taken (fragments of the skin of the interscapular region of the back). For immunohistochemical studies, serial sections were stained using MTNR1A polyclonal antibodies. For morphometric data analysis, the Image Scope Color and ImageJ computer programs were used. All statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software. Differences were considered significant at a significance level of less than 0.01 (p <0.01). In the course of the experiment, it was found that light deprivation contributes to a change in the activity of expression of the MT1 melatonin receptors in the epidermis, sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Studies have shown that the administration of flaxseed oil, melatonin, and their combination to rats with desynchronosis is accompanied by the leveling of the adverse effect of desynchronosis on the studied parameters of MT1 receptors. The most pronounced corrective effect on the expression of MT1 receptors is observed with the introduction of exogenous melatonin on the 21st day of the experiment.

scholarly journals Endogenous and Exogenous Melatonin Exposure Attenuates Hepatic MT1 Melatonin Receptor Protein Expression in Rat

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Mathes ◽  
Paul Heymann ◽  
Christian Ruf ◽  
Ragnar Huhn ◽  
Jochen Hinkelbein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Plasma Melatonin

Melatonin receptors are highly relevant for the hepatoprotective effects of the pineal hormone melatonin after experimental hemorrhagic shock in rats. In this study, we sought to determine the spatial expression pattern and a putative regulation of two melatonin receptors, membrane bound type 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2), in the liver of rats. In a male rat model (Sprague Dawley) of hemorrhage and resuscitation, we investigated the gene expression and protein of MT1 and MT2 in rat liver by utilizing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, a western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Plasma melatonin content was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Male rats underwent hemorrhage and were resuscitated with shed blood and a Ringer’s solution (n = 8 per group). After 90 min of hemorrhage, animals were given vehicle, melatonin, or ramelteon (each 1.0 mg/kg intravenously). Sham-operated controls did not undergo hemorrhage but were treated likewise. Plasma melatonin was significantly increased in all groups treated with melatonin and also after hemorrhagic shock. Only MT1, but not the MT2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein, was detected in the rat liver. The MT1 protein was located in pericentral fields of liver lobules in sham-operated animals. After hemorrhagic shock and treatment with melatonin or ramelteon, the hepatic MT1 protein amount was significantly attenuated in all groups compared to sham controls (50% reduction; p < 0.001). With respect to MT1 mRNA, no significant changes were observed between groups (p = 0.264). Our results indicate that both endogenous melatonin exposure from hemorrhagic shock, as well as exogenous melatonin and ramelteon exposure, may attenuate melatonin receptors in rat hepatocytes, possibly by means of desensitization.

scholarly journals CIRCADIAN DYNAMICS OF OPTIC DENSITY OF MELATONIN RECEPTORS IN THE NEURONS OF HYPOTHALAMIC SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS IN RATS UNDER ALTERED PHOTOPERIOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
K.V. Vlasova ◽  
R.Ye. Bulyk
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Protocol Standardization ◽  
Hypothalamic Supraoptic Nucleus

Introduction. Melatonin production is considerably suppressed by light and affects the ability to transfer daily rhythm information from the hypothalamus to other neural target sites and thus alters the expression of some biological rhythms. The hormone controls the state of the hypothalamic-pituitary system and endocrine gland activity through melatonin receptors (membrane, cytosolic and nuclear ones). In addition, using a mechanism of the feedback, it interferes with the activity of supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which regulates water-salt metabolism and responses to stress. Objective: to provide quantitative circadian characteristics of melatonin receptors density in the neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus of rats being under light stimulation as well as the correction of changes after injecting exogenous melatonin. Material and methods. The experiments were conducted on 60 white mongrel mature male rats weighing 150 – 180 g. The test animals were divided into 3 parts each with 2 groups, kept under the conditions of standard light regime, hyperilluminated and the injection of exogenous melatonin and day-round lighting within 7 days. To perform immunohistochemical methods, we used polyclonal antibodies to melatonin 1A receptors produced by Abcam and streptavidin biotin visualization system LSAB2 (peroxidase mark + diaminobenzidine) produced by Chemicon International Inc. We adhered to protocol standardization of methods for all sections. Additional staining of nuclei was performed with Mayer hematoxylin. Results. The indices of optical density of specific melatonin 1A receptors of supraoptic neurocytes staining obtained in the intact group (at 02.00 AM- 0,488 ± 0,0024, at 02.00 P.M. - 0,464 ± 0,0023, p = 0.002) and in animals subjected to light stress (at 02.00 AM-0,295 ± 0, 0019, at 02.00 P.M.- 0,286 ± 0,0018, p = 0,012) had a probable value and were characterized by a clear diurnal periodicity. In the group of animals with pineal gland hypofunction modulation (at 02.00 A.M.- 0,216 ± 0,0017, at 02.00 P.M. - 0,214 ± 0,0021, p> 0,05). Conclusions The density of 1A melatonin receptors in rat’s hypothalamic supraoptic neurons are normally characterized by an accurate circadian rhythm. The highest density of receptors is observed at 02.00 AM, and at 02.00 PM it is significantly lower (p = 0.002). Immunohistochemical studies revealed that under inhibition of pineal gland activity the circadian rhythm of melatonin receptors density in neurons of supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus gets disturbed, which is characterized by an incredible difference of indices in the tested periods of the day.

scholarly journals Features of the expression of melatonin MT1 receptors in the general cover of rats caused by light deprivation

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
I. S. Sobolevskaya ◽  
M. I. Krasnobaeva ◽  
O. D. Myadelets
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
White Male ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Light Deprivation ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Group 2

Background. It has now been established that any change in the synchronized work of the circadian clock leads to a disruption of the body's regulatory systems, which consists in the development of metabolic disorders and tissue damage. Objective: to study the dynamics of the expression of the MT1 melatonin receptor in the skin of white male rats under light deprivation. Methods. In this work, using immunohistochemistry, the features of the expression of receptors for melatonin (MT1) were studied. The experiments were performed on outbred male rats weighing 170-220 g, which were divided into 2 groups; intact - animals kept under standard fixed lighting conditions (12 h light / 12 h dark); Group 2 - animals with simulated light deprivation in conditions of round-the-clock darkness (24 hours of darkness). Results. A strong circadian dependence of the expression of MT1 melatonin receptors in the general integument was established. In the cells of the epidermis and sebaceous glands, by the 14th day, MT1 expression significantly decreased, which then sharply increased by the 21st day. In the keratinocytes of the epidermis, a wavelike character of changes in indicators is noted throughout the study: an increase (7th day) - a decrease (14th day) - a sharp increase (21st day). Conclusion. Initially, light deprivation leads to a decrease in the number of immunopositive cells, and then their level increases compensatory, which is one of the manifestations of the body's adaptation mechanisms to chronodestruction.

The Effect of Androgen Depletion and Replacement on the Epithelium of the Seminal Vesicle of the Aging Rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 590-591
Author(s):  
Venita F. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aging Rat ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Androgen Depletion

In 1930, Moore, Hughes and Gallager reported that after castration seminal vesicle epithelial cell atrophy occurred and that cell regeneration could be achieved with daily injections of testis extract. Electron microscopic studies have confirmed those observations and have shown that testosterone injections restore the epithelium of the seminal vesicle in adult castrated male rats. Studies concerned with the metabolism of androgens point out that dihydrotestosterone stimulates cell proliferation and that other metabolites of testosterone probably influence secretory function in certain target cells.Although the influence of androgens on adult seminal vesicle epithelial cytology is well documented, little is known of the effect of androgen depletion and replacement on those cells in aging animals. The present study is concerned with the effect of castration and testosterone injection on the epithelium of the seminal vesicle of aging rats.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Exosomes in Child and Adolescent Obesity

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Ioanna Maligianni ◽  
Christos Yapijakis ◽  
Flora Bacopoulou ◽  
George Chrousos
Keyword(s):  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Risk Biomarkers

Child and adolescent obesity constitute one of the greatest contemporary public health menaces. The enduring disproportion between calorie intake and energy consumption, determined by a complex interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, finally leads to the development of overweight and obesity. Child and adolescent overweight/obesity promotes smoldering systemic inflammation (“para-inflammation”) and increases the likelihood of later metabolic and cardiovascular complications, including metabolic syndrome and its components, which progressively deteriorate during adulthood. Exosomes are endosome-derived extracellular vesicles that are secreted by a variety of cells, are naturally taken-up by target cells, and may be involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Over the last decade, intensive research has been conducted regarding the special role of exosomes and the non-coding (nc) RNAs they contain (primarily micro (mi) RNAs, long (l) non-coding RNAs, messenger (m) RNAs and other molecules) in inter-cellular communications. Through their action as communication mediators, exosomes may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and associated disorders. There is increasing evidence that exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs are involved in pivotal processes of adipocyte biology and that, possibly, play important roles in gene regulation linked to human obesity. This review aims to improve our understanding of the roles of exosomes and their cargo in the development of obesity and related metabolic and inflammatory disorders. We examined their potential roles in adipose tissue physiology and reviewed the scarce data regarding the altered patterns of circulating miRNAs and lncRNAs observed in obese children and adolescents, compared them to the equivalent, more abundant existing findings of adult studies, and speculated on their proposed mechanisms of action. Exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs could be applied as cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, useful in the early diagnosis and prevention of obesity. Furthermore, the targeting of crucial circulating exosomal cargo to tissues involved in the pathogenesis and maintenance of obesity could provide a novel therapeutic approach to this devastating and management-resistant pandemic.

scholarly journals Antidepressant Effect of Blue Light on Depressive Phenotype in Light-Deprived Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 1344-1353
Author(s):  
Qinghe Meng ◽  
Jianjun Jiang ◽  
Xiaohong Hou ◽  
Lixia Jia ◽  
Xiaoxiao Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Light Deprivation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Neurotrophic Activity ◽  
Immobility Time

Abstract Blue light has been previously reported to play a salient role in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. The present study aimed to investigate whether blue light had antidepressant effect on light-deprivation-induced depression model, and the underlying visual neural mechanism. Blue light mitigated depression-like behaviors induced by light deprivation as measured by elevated sucrose preference and reduced immobility time. Blue light enhanced melanopsin expression and light responses in the retina. We also found the upregulation of serotonin and brain derived neurotrophic factor expression in the c-fos-positive areas of rats treated with blue light compared with those maintained in darkness. The species gap between nocturnal albino (Sprague-Dawley rat) and diurnal pigmented animals (human) might have influenced extrapolating data to humans. Blue light has antidepressant effect on light-deprived Sprague-Dawley rats, which might be related to activating the serotonergic system and neurotrophic activity via the retinoraphe and retinoamygdala pathways. Blue light is the effective component of light therapy for treatment of depression.

Comparison Among Bone Marrow and Wheat Flour’s Mixture and Standard Treatment on Healing Second-Degree Burn Wound in Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saboreh Jafari ◽  
Rostam Jalali ◽  
Cyrus Jalili ◽  
Tahereh Jamshidpoor
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Silver Sulfadiazine ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Burn Wound

Abstract The treatment of extensive skin burns remains as a challenge for health care personnel. This study aimed to compare the combination of bone marrow and wheat flour with standard treatment on animal models. In this experimental study, 45 male rats were randomly assigned into three groups as follows: The first group was control (no treatment), the second group received bone marrow and wheat flour combination topically, and the third group received standard treatment (1% silver sulfadiazine). The treatment lasted for up to 21 days. On the 22nd day, the rats were killed. The number of blood vessels and hair follicles was measured in the burn wound bed. The area and depth of the wound were also measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. The results showed that, complete closure of the wound was better in the bone marrow treated group compared with the group receiving the silver sulfadiazine and the control group. Furthermore, the wound healing was better in the silver sulfadiazine group compared with the control group. Microscopic examination revealed a significant increase in the number of hair follicles and blood vessels in the bone marrow and silver groups compared with the control group. The results showed that, the group treated with bone marrow, because of the presence of mesenchymal and stem cells can cause stimulating angiogenesis and producing vegetative tissue, hence it improved maturation, shrinkage, and contraction of the wound in comparison with the silver sulfadiazine and control groups

Antigonadal Actions of Olfactory and Light Deprivation. II. Effects of Pinealectomy or Melatonin Injections in Olfactory Bulb Deafferented or Bulbectomized Male Rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Mediavilla ◽  
E. J. Sánchez-Barceló ◽  
J. E. Sánchez-Criado ◽  
S. Cos ◽  
M. D. G. Cortines
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Light Deprivation

scholarly journals THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF TECHNICAL REGULATION IN INCREASING EFFICIENCY IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Nurlan Hajizade Nurlan Hajizade
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Definition Of

One of the important vectors of economic development in the modern world is the minimization of the negative consequences of human economic and other activities. Therefore, highly developed countries impose mandatory and voluntary requirements on the development of products and implement a series of measures. Necessary regulatory activities of the state in this direction include the definition of mandatory requirements, their proper implementation and the application of sanctions. All these processes are carried out through technical regulation. It is important to apply technical regulation in every sector of the economy. This importance plays a special role in the energy sector, which is closely linked to all sectors of the economy, and differs even more. In this regard, the role and importance of technical regulation in increasing the efficiency of the energy sector in the research work is highlighted.

scholarly journals Effect of Exogenous Melatonin Treatment on the Reproductive Characteristics and Progeny of Male Rats Exposed to Different Periods From Light and Darkness

2017 ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. A. MAJRASHI ◽  
I. A. H. BARAKAT ◽  
A. R. AL-HIMAIDI ◽  
K. G. ADHAM
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Harmful Effects

Light is an important environmental factor that controls the regulation of physiological functions of organisms. Melatonin is considered as one of the major hormones that play an important role in protecting body from many harmful effects and acts as a powerful anti-oxidant source to controlling the levels of antioxidant enzymes within the body. The main objectives of this work were to study the effect of 1) photoperiod changes and 2) exogenous melatonin hormone treatment on the sperm properties, body and testis weight, embryo characteristics, and concentration level of melatonin and testosterone in treated rat serum. This study has been conducted using thirty-six male rats and one hundred and twenty female rats. Animals were divided into six groups, each group containing six males and twenty female rats. Our results showed a significant influence of photoperiod changes on the melatonin and testosterone hormones concentration in rats’ serum, body weight only, while the other characteristics not affected. As for the effect of melatonin it has been found that the movement of sperm in GIII and IV, as well as embryos absorbed and newborns weight traits has been significantly affected, while the rest of the properties were not significantly affected by melatonin treatment.

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