Enrichment of the triticale gene pool by intraspecific hybridization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
I. P. Diordieva ◽  
◽  
L. O. Ryabovol ◽  
Ya. S. Ryabovol ◽  
O. V. Golubenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
National University ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

The aim of the research was to expand the genetic diversity of winter triticale samples by intraspecific hybridization and to obtain new valuable forms for their involvement in the selection process of creating high-yielding cultivars. The research was conducted during 2013–2020 at the sites of the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology of Uman National University of Horticulture, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. As initial material for hybridization was used samples of hexaploid triticale of own breeding and varieties Rozivska 6, Ladne, Khlibodar Kharkivsky, Beta, Alkid, Souvenir, Raritet; octaploid triticale samples UA0602463 and UA0601654. Hybrid offspring were analyzed for morphological and economically valuable traits, including plant height, lodging resistance, ear length, grain weight from the main ear and 1000 grains, protein and gluten content in the grain and its quality indicators, yield, etc. In the studies used a systematic method of site placement. The rooms were arranged in blocks with a plant density of 400 thousand units/ha four times. In the course of researches hybridization of hexaploid forms of triticale of different ecological and geographical origin among themselves, and also hybridization of octaploid forms with hexaploid was carried out. In F2 populations, individual-family selection of low-stem forms with high ear grain was performed. In the absence of low-stem forms in the area of F2 hybrids, ear productivity was selected, and the population was transferred to a hybridization nursery for crossing plants with donors of low-stem genes. As a result of the conducted researches 23 highly productive forms of winter triticale were obtained, in particular, two dwarf samples (h = 58 cm), four – short-stemmed (h = 60–80 cm), one – early-ripening (vegetation period 285 days), nine – with high ear productivity. Sample 63 was selected, which significantly exceeded the group standard in terms of yield (7.01 t/ha), protein content (12.2 %) and gluten of the first quality group (25.4 %).

scholarly journals New variety of soft winter wheat Alyonushka

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Svetlana Valentinovna Kosenko
Keyword(s):  
High Mass ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Gluten Quality ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The article presents the main methods of creating and the results of studying a new variety of winter soft wheat Alyonushka. The variety was created at the FSBRI OP Penza Research Institute of Agriculture by the method of intraspecific hybridization of varieties with subsequent individual selection from the hybrid population F3 Kazanskaya 237 // Moshinskaya 2 / Zolushka. The characteristics of the new variety are given according to the most important economically valuable traits and properties. The new variety Alyonushka in terms of grain yield and the elements composing it, during the years of research (2015–2018), significantly exceeded the standard variety Fotinya. The average increase in grain to the standard for these years was 0.78 t / ha. The high yield of the new variety is formed due to the high mass of 1000 grains, the number and weight of grain per spike. It has high winter hardiness (88% on average), high lodging resistance (9 points) and grain quality at the level of valuable wheat. The new variety Alyonushka stably forms a completed grain (grain nature is 756-797 g / l), the content of crude protein in the grain is 14.8-16.2%, gluten is 28.2-30.2% with a gluten quality of 50-85 units. ... IDK (I-II group), baking strength of flour - 296 units, volumetric yield of bread from 100 g of flour - 780 cm3, overall assessment of bread - 4.7 points. The economic efficiency of cultivation of the Alyonushka variety in comparison with the Fotinya standard was 3780 rubles / ha. The profitability level of the new variety was 135%, which is 21% higher than that of the standard.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of pea selection lines of different morphotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
K. S. Temirov
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The results of a comparative study of samples of the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) by the main economically valuable traits are presented. The objects of the research were 13 breeding lines of peas of various morphotypes (leafy, semi-leafl ess, chameleon). The experiment was conducted in 2016–2018 on leached chernozems in the northern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The study period was characterized by contrasting weather conditions. Uneven precipitation was noted in 2016, which was higher than the norm in May, but below normal in June. In May 2017, the temperature and precipitation corresponded to the long-term average norm. Abundant rainfall from the period of sowing (the fi rst ten-day period of May) to full ripeness (July) and low average daily air temperature in May characterized the vegetation period of 2018. The best results in short-stalk characteristics and lodging resistance were reached by the line of the semi-leafl ess morphotype Nord × Az-318 (57.5 cm) and Orel × Yamal (57.7 cm). An average positive correlation was established between the height of the plant and the number of pods (r = 0.48 ± 0.20). By the mass of 1000 seeds the best results were shown by leafy lines (188.4 g) and the chameleon morphotype (181.1 g). Between the mass of 1000 seeds and the number of seeds in a pod, an average negative correlation was established (r = –0.63 ± 0.25). In terms of the yield, the chameleon morphotype lines (TM-1552, TM-1504) proved the most productive. The average yield of this morphotype was 280.0 g/m2, leafy lines – 271.4 g/m2 and the lines of the semi-leafl ess morphotype – 254.1 g/m2. A correlation was established between the yield and the studied traits. The yield is moderately positively affected by the number of seeds in a pod (r = 0.55 ± 0.20) and the number of pods in a plant (r = 0.50 ± 0.22). A signifi cant yield advantage was not found between the studied breeding lines. For sustainable production of pea seeds, it is advisable to have a system of varieties of different morphotypes.

Гибриды томата для выращивания в поликарбонатных теплицах второй световой зоны (г. Киров)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Rufina ◽  
T.A. Tereshonkova ◽  
E.A. Shilyaeva ◽  
A.N. Khovrin
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

Проведена двухлетняя оценка пяти индетерминантных и четырех детерминантных гибридов томата по хозяйственно ценным признакам в весенне-летнем обороте в поликабонатных теплицах в условиях второй световой зоны. Выявлено, что среди испытанных индетерминантных гибридов F1 Коралловый риф, показал максимальную урожайность (10,3 кг/ м2). Детерминантный гибрид F1 Капитан был самым раннеспелым и урожайным (9,6 кг/м2) в своей группе.In this paper we present the results of a two-year tests economically valuable traits of indeterminate and determinant tomato hybrids in the spring-summer vegetation period of polycarbonate greenhouses under the conditions of the second light zone. Among the tested indeterminate hybrids Coral reef F1 showed the maximum productivity (10,3 kg/m2). The determinant hybrid Captain F1 was the earliest and most productive (9.6 kg/m2) in its group.

MANIFESTATION OF TRANSGRESSION BY MAIN QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF WINTER TRITICAL PRODUCTIVITY IN F2 HYBRID POPULATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
В. Д. Тромсюк ◽  
◽  
В. Д. Бугайов ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

The research was conducted in 2014-2017 in the department of selection of fodder, grain ears, and industrial crops in the fields of scientific crop rotation of the Institute of Fodder and Agriculture of Podillya NAAS of Ukraine. A collection of 114 hexaploid specimens of different ecological and geographical origins was used as research material. Six varieties of winter triticale of different ecological and geographical origin and the manifestation of valuable economic features were used in crosses according to the scheme of full diallel analysis: Polovetske (UA0602494), Amos (UA0602627) originating from Ukraine; Kapryz (UA0601781), Tsekad 90 (UA0602066) - Russia; Dubrava (UA0602222) - Belarus and Pawo (UA0602555) - Poland. Only the best plants, which did not lag in growth and were normally developed, were selected for hybridization. The obtained generation F0 was sown in 2016, and generation F1 – 2017 manually in an experimental field with the same depth, which provides plants with the same area of nutrition. After full maturation, the plants were also collected manually in sheaves, structural analysis was performed on the main indicators of productivity. The frequency and degree of manifestation of positive transgressions in hybrids of the second generation (F2) of winter triticale were evaluated based on productivity: productive bushiness, number and weight of ear grains and grain weight from the plant. The best hybrids by degree and frequency of manifestation of positive transgression are selected. The degree of transgressions in productive bushiness averaged 65.3%, frequency - 43%; number of grains in the main ear - 7.4%, frequency - 15.3%; weight of grain in the ear - 13.8% at a frequency of 27, 7%; weight of grain from the plant - 91.5% with a transgression frequency of 52.7%. The best hybrid combinations of winter triticale on the basis of "productive bushiness" - Polovtsian / Caprice and Dubrava / Polovtsian (Tc = 100%), the maximum frequency of transgressions on this basis - hybrids Polovtsian / Caprice / Pawos and Pawo are selected and offered for use in the selection process. TC = 60); "Number of grains from the ear" - the maximum degree of transgressions was found in the hybrid Pawo / Polovtsian (Tc = 18.1%), the maximum frequency - in the hybrid Caprich / Pawo (Tch = 40); "Ear grain mass" - Pawo / Amos (Tc = 37.0%), the highest frequency of transgressions - in hybrids Amos / Dubrava and Kaprikh / Pawo (Tch = 50); "Grain weight from the plant" - Polovtsian / Amos (Tc = 37.0%), the frequency of transgressions - hybrids Polovtsian / Amos and Polovtsian / Caprice (Tc = 85%).

scholarly journals Combating Dual Challenges in Maize Under High Planting Density: Kernel Abortion and Stem Lodging

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Noor Shah ◽  
Mohsin Tanveer ◽  
Asad Abbas ◽  
Mehmet Yildirim ◽  
Anis Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
High Plant Density

High plant density is considered a proficient approach to increase maize production in countries with limited agricultural land; however, this creates a high risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion by reducing the ratio of biomass to the development of the stem and ear. Stem lodging and kernel abortion are major constraints in maize yield production for high plant density cropping; therefore, it is very important to overcome stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize. In this review, we discuss various morphophysiological and genetic characteristics of maize that may reduce the risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion, with a focus on carbohydrate metabolism and partitioning in maize. These characteristics illustrate a strong relationship between stem lodging resistance and kernel abortion. Previous studies have focused on targeting lignin and cellulose accumulation to improve lodging resistance. Nonetheless, a critical analysis of the literature showed that considering sugar metabolism and examining its effects on lodging resistance and kernel abortion in maize may provide considerable results to improve maize productivity. A constructive summary of management approaches that could be used to efficiently control the effects of stem lodging and kernel abortion is also included. The preferred management choice is based on the genotype of maize; nevertheless, various genetic and physiological approaches can control stem lodging and kernel abortion. However, plant growth regulators and nutrient application can also help reduce the risk for stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize.

scholarly journals The Optimization of Some Peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Technology Sequences on the Irrigated Ash Deposits

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia CONSTANTINESCU ◽  
Dorina BONEA ◽  
M. STEFAN ◽  
Luminita SANDU ◽  
M. GIORGOTA
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
High Water ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Surface Unit ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Long Time

Of the analysis of the soil and clime conditions that are characteristic for the ash deposits as well as from the observations on the behavior of an enriched array of species, on these terrains there was observed the possibility of obtaining good results with the peanuts crop on the terrains covered by powerplant ash. There was chosen the Arachis hypogaea L. due to its capacity to capitalize the ash covered terrains, as well as by protecting by its vegetal mass a long time period of the vegetation period, decreasing the ash drift and the reduction of the environment pollution that is near the ash deposits. In supporting this species there was considered the thermic favorable regime of the zone, the high sunshine, the light texture, high water permeability of the deposited material, the plant density to the surface unit and the covering degree of the terrain by vegetal mass, that are favorable features in controlling the ash drift and environment pollution.

Test trials of a process to produce briquettes from coal mining waste

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
T. A. Ketegenov ◽  
K. Kamunur ◽  
T. I. Yushina ◽  
S. N. Kalugin
Keyword(s):  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Grant Support ◽  
National University ◽  
Coal Fines

At the present time, coal production wastes up to 2 % of fine fraction, which has adverse impact on the environment. On the other hand, coal fines can be a feedstock to obtain different products of chemical processing—benzines, oils, briquettes, etc. For this reason, it is necessary to develop dedicated technologies to utilize fine waste in manufacture of products having high added value. The experimental results demonstrate usability of wheat bran as a binder in coal waste briquetting. It is found how the binder and the briquetting conditions influence the physical and mechanical properties and combustion characteristics of coal briquettes. The optimized coal briquetting conditions are: carbonization of feedstock, use of binder in quantity of 25–30 mass%, briquetting pressure of 4 MPa. Thus, the authors have analyzed the influence of the briquetting conditions on the properties of coal briquettes, and have tested the earlier developed approaches to transformation of Oi-Karagai coal fines into a target product of high added value. The authors appreciate participation of A. Karagulanov, fellow of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University in this study. The work was performed with the grant support of the Ministry of Education and Science RK-A RO 08957618.

scholarly journals Inheritance of seed size by hybrid populations of pea (F1, F2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00090
Author(s):  
Firzinat Davletov ◽  
Karina Gainullina ◽  
Fidan Safin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Filial Generation ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Reciprocal Crossing ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Parental Cultivar

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the ancient and valuable high-protein leguminous cultures in the world. Breeding of new high-yielding cultivars is the main reserve to increase production of pea seeds. At the present time, intraspecific hybridization has a great importance in selection of new cultivars of pea. However, consistent patterns of inheritance of a number of economically valuable traits by hybrids are still insufficiently investigated. The objective of this research work was to study inheritance of seed size (1000-kernel weight) by pea hybrids of the first and second filial generations (F1, F2). The crossing and back-crossing (reciprocal crossing) were conducted. In our experiments, the first filial generation hybrids (F1) had a lower 1000-kernel weight than the large-seeded parental cultivars. Herewith the large-seeded genotype of the female parental cultivar had more influence on displaying of this trait in hybrids than of the male parental cultivar. In the second filial generation hybrids (F2) showed intermediate inheritance of seed size. The results of our experiments attest high efficiency of seed size selection in segregating generations of hybrids, obtained from crosses between cultivars carrying genes of seed size.

scholarly journals The study of the nature of the inheritance of quantitative traits in F1 hybrids of winter soft wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00084
Author(s):  
Olga Antoshina ◽  
Julia Odnodushnova ◽  
Gennadiy Fadkin ◽  
Irina Kondakova ◽  
Olga Fedosova
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Ear Number

In the conditions of the south of the Nonchernozem Zone, intraspecific hybridization of winter soft wheat was carried out. When selecting parental forms used in crossing, special attention was paid to such economically valuable traits as productive tilling capacity, the number of grains and the mass of grain per spike. The true (Htru) and hypothetical heterosis (Hhyp) on the basis of “plant height”, “length of the lower internode”, “length of the upper internode”, “general tilling capacity”, “productive tilling capacity”, “spike length”, “number of spikelets”, “number of grains” and “grain weight per spike” were determined. It was established that the inheritance of quantitative traits in hybrids of the first generation was distinguished by the complex nature of distribution by types. Studies have made possible to identify 5 hybrid combinations F1, in which the effect of heterosis manifests itself simultaneously on five quantitative characteristics (ear length, number of spikelets per ear, number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear, mass grain from a plant).

scholarly journals Assessment of the Suitability of 10 Winter Triticale Cultivars (x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) for Organic Agriculture: Polish Case Study

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Nakielska ◽  
Krzysztof Jończyk ◽  
Adam Kleofas Berbeć ◽  
Jerzy Kopiński
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
State Research Institute ◽  
Plant Cultivation

The aim of the study was to compare 10 winter triticale varieties according to their traits useful for cultivation in organic farming. The study was carried out in the years 2014–2017 in the experimental organic farm of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute in Pulawy (Poland). The highest-yielding varieties under organic conditions were Pizarro and Subito. Borowik cultivar showed the highest competitive ability against weeds. The highest number of weeds was found in the Leontyno cultivar, which was connected to the lowest plant density, the lowest weight of the above-ground parts of the canopy and smaller value of tillering coefficient. The most affected by the fungal pathogens Drechslera tritici-repentis (Died.) Shoem. and Puccinia striiformis Schwein. were Fredro and Algoso. Cluster analyses indicated that the most useful cultivars for cultivation in the organic system were: Borowik, Subito, and Tomko, which all showed higher yielding potential, bigger competitiveness against weeds, and average resistance against fungal pathogens. Pizarro, Tulus, and Twingo, which showed high resistance to fungal pathogens with lower competitiveness to weeds, were classified to the second group of usefulness. The least useful for the organic system were: Algoso, Fredro, Grenado, and Leontyno.

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