Writing Better Research Reports

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Report Writing ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Priority Project ◽  
Generalized Statement

Abstract In the world of failure analysis and material characterization, compiling a final report may not be on our priority project list yet we will discover that the layout, syntax, and format of our reports can have as large an impact on the reader as the data we have collected. In an industry where the transmission of valid and understandable information from the lab floor to the requestor is vital, it becomes necessary for each of us to search for resolution to this quandary. In answering the question of how can we write better research documents and reports, this paper will present research to discuss 1) the needs of each group involved with research documents and reports; 2) the difference in expectations between readers and writers; 3) the techniques used to teach report writing; and 4) what makes an effective report. The conclusion of this paper will form a generalized statement of the factors that lead to better-written research documents and reports and will point out areas of consideration for future research.

scholarly journals Food supplying in Ukraine and the world under COVID-19 pandemic

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 322 (8) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Bohdan Dukhnytskyi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Price Indices ◽  
Food Expenditures ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Near Future

The purpose of the article is to study an impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the functioning of global agricultural market, situation with food supplying in Ukraine and other countries, as well as to assess development of related processes in the near future. Research methods. Methods used: theoretical generalization - for describing the overall situation in global, regional and national agri-food markets due to the effects of coronavirus pandemic from 2020 to the present, analysis and synthesis - for studying food security in separate countries and globally for now and in the near future, taking into account current situation, finding aggregate values of world agricultural trade for the analyzed period, comparative evaluation - for comparing quantitative, cost and other relative indicators that characterize food supplying in 2019 and 2020, finding confirmatory or negative relevant trends during the incomplete year 2021, graphical and tabular - for better visualization of quantitative indicators used in the article. Research results. The dissemination of anti-pandemic measures in the world and in Ukraine is considered, the growth of absolute and relative food expenditures in different regions of the world is shown, quantitative data on undernourished people in some parts of the world are given, the situation with agri-food imports to Ukraine and its influence in 2020-2021 on the domestic market is determined, price indices for food in the world according to FAO and Ukraine according to state statistics, including quantitative consumption, are described, showed summary estimations for production major groups of crop and livestock products until 2030 inclusive. Scientific novelty. The difference in indicators of agri-food trade, food expenditures, number of people suffering from hunger, as well as price indices for basic food products in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular between "pre-pandemic" 2019 and 2020-2021, which are characterized by significant spread of the pandemic. Practical significance. The provisions of the article are aimed at informing Ukrainian agricultural enterprises with foreign economic profile, consumers of products and government agencies about changes in domestic and foreign agricultural markets in order to develop a common strategy and tactics of possible actions and systematical measures to prevent negative consequences due to significant increase in uncertainties over the past period. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 17.

What Is Family Diversity? Objective and Interpretive Approaches

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1407-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Family Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference

This article differentiates two ways of understanding family diversity— objectively and interpretively. The search for objective diversity is rooted in the assumption that there are many different kinds of families in the United States and around the world; the search for interpretive diversity is rooted in the assumption that any given “family” may be described in different, often contradictory ways. These divergent assumptions can lead relatively objective or interpretive scholars to produce divergent analyses, even as they use seemingly identical concepts to address similar explanatory concerns. Recognizing the difference between objective and interpretive family diversity can help illuminate the distinctive contributions of existing scholarship and open up potential avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Risks and issues: reactions of Vietnam and the experience to the world in the first wave of coronavirus pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Hong Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Difference

PurposeThis paper mentions the quick reactions of Vietnam to avoid explosive catastrophes before and during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic. The work presented here has profound implications for future research of disaster response and preparation for future pandemics. In order to estimate the causal general effect of the pandemic, the authors have to do a quantitative survey at the end of the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe difference in damage caused by the pandemic between the great powers and Vietnam is the quick reaction. It plays a decisive role. In attempting to tackle emerging phenomena in the pandemic, this study is deliberately broad-based. Considerable attention is given to explaining each methodological choice. It centers on a core case of Vietnam. Using data from multiple methods, it adopts publish media and contemporary research during the pandemic as a way to draw out key themes within the core case.FindingsThe paper focuses on the lessons for the post-pandemic consist of the Buddhist conception (cause and effect) based on the quick reaction of the Vietnamese government and the adaptation of Vietnamese people. This is a key success for the future anti-pandemic process.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is not exploring the pandemic within a larger scale of all nations to approach a general lesson for the world.Practical implicationsThe success of the first anti-pandemic phase does not guarantee that subsequent efforts will be successful. Respecting the “opponent” (the coronavirus) is the best way to avoid falling into the deadly subjective trap that some great powers have encountered.Social implicationsThis article highlights the rapid response of the Vietnamese before and during the coronavirus pandemic. From that, the article draws some lessons for the next similar disasters based on the cause and effect.Originality/valueA quick reaction is one of the most important ways to deal with any disaster. After a half year of the coronavirus pandemic spread, Vietnam has 408 infectious cases and no deaths within 96,208,984 people (The Ministry of Health of Vietnam on July 22nd, 2020). Vietnam achieved success with the least expensive price that should be finding in risks and issues in the future.

scholarly journals THE “QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE DIFFERENCE IMAGINARY BABY VS. REAL BABY”: A NEW INSTRUMENT FOR THE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL MATERNAL PERCEPTIONS AFTER DELIVERY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Carolina Santos Chagas ◽  
Patrícia Mendes Lourenço Maltez ◽  
Sandra Isabel Santos Miranda ◽  
João Manuel Rosado de Miranda Justo
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
The Real ◽  
Psychometric Instrument ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Perinatal Psychology

INTRODUCTION: Fantasmatic baby, imaginary baby and the real baby are important concepts for the understanding of the psychological life of pregnant women as of newly mothers.GOAL: To present a new psychometric instrument for the assessment of the difference between imaginary baby and real baby by the first days after delivery.METHOD: Generation of 30 items about the difference between imaginary baby and real baby related to five main areas of newborns’ life: feeding, sleeping, interaction, baby characteristics and temperament.PARTICIPANTS: The “Questionnaire of the Difference Imaginary Baby vs. Real Baby” (QDIBRB) was applied to a sample (N = 190) of newly mothers at Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa in Lisbon.RESULTS: After a series of factorial analysis, Equamax rotation with extraction forced to 4 factors (explaining 52.7% of total variance) provided 3 factors about differences between maternal prenatal and postnatal perceptions on the following areas: F1 - babies’ positive emotional expressions (α = .881), F2 - maternal fears related with babies’ behavioral meaning (α = .850) and F3 - babies’ appealing behavior (α = .783). For the complete scale internal consistency is excellent (α = .921).CONCLUSION: The QDIBRB seems to be able to assess differences between the imaginary baby and the real baby in a psychometric way. Future research is needed to show if data collected with QDIBRB are useful in the world of perinatal psychology

Comparative Effects of High-Tech Visual Scene Displays and Low-Tech Isolated Picture Symbols on Engagement From Students With Multiple Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Holyfield ◽  
Sydney Brooks ◽  
Allison Schluterman
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is an intervention approach that can promote communication and language in children with multiple disabilities who are beginning communicators. While a wide range of AAC technologies are available, little is known about the comparative effects of specific technology options. Given that engagement can be low for beginning communicators with multiple disabilities, the current study provides initial information about the comparative effects of 2 AAC technology options—high-tech visual scene displays (VSDs) and low-tech isolated picture symbols—on engagement. Method Three elementary-age beginning communicators with multiple disabilities participated. The study used a single-subject, alternating treatment design with each technology serving as a condition. Participants interacted with their school speech-language pathologists using each of the 2 technologies across 5 sessions in a block randomized order. Results According to visual analysis and nonoverlap of all pairs calculations, all 3 participants demonstrated more engagement with the high-tech VSDs than the low-tech isolated picture symbols as measured by their seconds of gaze toward each technology option. Despite the difference in engagement observed, there was no clear difference across the 2 conditions in engagement toward the communication partner or use of the AAC. Conclusions Clinicians can consider measuring engagement when evaluating AAC technology options for children with multiple disabilities and should consider evaluating high-tech VSDs as 1 technology option for them. Future research must explore the extent to which differences in engagement to particular AAC technologies result in differences in communication and language learning over time as might be expected.

Inter-country inequality as a dynamic process and the problem of post-industrial development

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Grigoryev ◽  
V. A. Pavlyushina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Industrial

The phenomenon of economic growth is studied by economists and statisticians in various aspects for a long time. Economic theory is devoted to assessing factors of growth in the tradition of R. Solow, R. Barrow, W. Easterly and others. During the last quarter of the century, however, the institutionalists, namely D. North, D. Wallis, B. Weingast as well as D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson, have shown the complexity of the problem of development on the part of socioeconomic and political institutions. As a result, solving the problem of how economic growth affects inequality between countries has proved extremely difficult. The modern world is very diverse in terms of development level, and the article offers a new approach to the formation of the idea of stylized facts using cluster analysis. The existing statistics allows to estimate on a unified basis the level of GDP production by 174 countries of the world for 1992—2016. The article presents a structured picture of the world: the distribution of countries in seven clusters, different in levels of development. During the period under review, there was a strong per capita GDP growth in PPP in the middle of the distribution, poverty in various countries declined markedly. At the same time, in 1992—2016, the difference increased not only between rich and poor groups of countries, but also between clusters.

Speculative Realism and Science Fiction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Willems
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cormac Mccarthy ◽  
Doris Lessing ◽  
Speculative Realism ◽  
Neil Gaiman ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quentin Meillassoux

A human-centred approach to the environment is leading to ecological collapse. One of the ways that speculative realism challenges anthropomorphism is by taking non-human things to be as valid objects of investivation as humans, allowing a more responsible and truthful view of the world to take place. Brian Willems uses a range of science fiction literature that questions anthropomorphism both to develop and challenge this philosophical position. He looks at how nonsense and sense exist together in science fiction, the way in which language is not a guarantee of personhood, the role of vision in relation to identity formation, the difference between metamorphosis and modulation, representations of non-human deaths and the function of plasticity within the Anthropocene. Willems considers the works of Cormac McCarthy, Paolo Bacigalupi, Neil Gaiman, China Miéville, Doris Lessing and Kim Stanley Robinson are considered alongside some of the main figures of speculative materialism including Graham Harman, Quentin Meillassoux and Jane Bennett.

Between High Culture and Low Culture; and also The Difference Between Popular Culture and Folk Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Kunal Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Common People ◽  
High Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Culture

High culture is a collection of ideologies, beliefs, thoughts, trends, practices and works-- intellectual or creative-- that is intended for refined, cultured and educated elite people. Low culture is the culture of the common people and the mass. Popular culture is something that is always, most importantly, related to everyday average people and their experiences of the world; it is urban, changing and consumeristic in nature. Folk culture is the culture of preindustrial (premarket, precommodity) communities.

L'anglicisme dans la langue française

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 00013
Author(s):  
Danny Susanto
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
English Word ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Font Size ◽  
The World ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Bibliographic Study

<p class="Abstract">The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon known as&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 1rem;">“anglicism”: a loan made to the English language by another language.&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicism arose either from the adoption of an English word as a&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">result of a translation defect despite the existence of an equivalent&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">term in the language of the speaker, or from a wrong translation, as a&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">word-by-word translation. Said phenomenon is very common&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">nowadays and most languages of the world including making use of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">some linguistic concepts such as anglicism, neologism, syntax,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">morphology etc, this article addresses various aspects related to&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicisms in French through a bibliographic study: the definition of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicism, the origin of Anglicisms in French and the current situation,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">the areas most affected by Anglicism, the different categories of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicism, the difference between French Anglicism in France and&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">French-speaking Canada, the attitude of French-speaking society&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">towards to the Anglicisms and their efforts to stop this phenomenon.&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">The study shows that the areas affected are, among others, trade,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">travel, parliamentary and judicial institutions, sports, rail, industrial&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">production and most recently film, industrial production, sport, oil industry, information technology,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">science and technology. Various initiatives have been implemented either by public institutions or by&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">individuals who share concerns about the increasingly felt threat of the omnipresence of Anglicism in&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">everyday life.</span></p>

Defending the Difference

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Natural Entities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Dreyfus argues that there is a basic methodological difference between the natural sciences and the social sciences, a difference that derives from the different goals and practices of each. He goes on to argue that being a realist about natural entities is compatible with pluralism or, as he calls it, “plural realism.” If intelligibility is always grounded in our practices, Dreyfus points out, then there is no point of view from which one can ask about or provide an answer to the one true nature of ultimate reality. But that is consistent with believing that the natural sciences can still reveal the way the world is independent of our theories and practices.

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