Micro-Abrasive Blasting—A Novel Approach to Local Silicon and Mold Compound Material Removal

Abstract Post silicon validation techniques on Integrated Circuits (IC) specifically FIB circuit editing require backside sample preparation done by local mold compound and silicon machining. Conventional methods such as Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machining and chemical etching preparation platforms are commonly used. This paper will investigate a simple alternative approach to local sample preparation by using micro-abrasive blasting. This approach will display its simple natured set-up along with extremely quick process duration.

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Chemical and Biological Molecules Involved in Differentiation, Maturation, and Survival of Dopaminergic Neurons in Health and Parkinson’s Disease: Physiological Aspects and Clinical Implications

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9070754 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 754

Author(s):

Giulia Gaggi ◽

Andrea Di Credico ◽

Pascal Izzicupo ◽

Giovanni Iannetti ◽

Angela Di Baldassarre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Dopaminergic Neurons ◽

Potential Role ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Biological Molecules ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Set Up

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a specific and progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and dopamine, causing motor dysfunctions and impaired movements. Unfortunately, available therapies can partially treat the motor symptoms, but they have no effect on non-motor features. In addition, the therapeutic effect reduces gradually, and the prolonged use of drugs leads to a significative increase in the number of adverse events. For these reasons, an alternative approach that allows the replacement or the improved survival of DA neurons is very appealing for the treatment of PD patients and recently the first human clinical trials for DA neurons replacement have been set up. Here, we review the role of chemical and biological molecules that are involved in the development, survival and differentiation of DA neurons. In particular, we review the chemical small molecules used to differentiate different type of stem cells into DA neurons with high efficiency; the role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs both in DA neurons development/survival as far as in the pathogenesis of PD; and, finally, we dissect the potential role of exosomes carrying biological molecules as treatment of PD.

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A simple alternative approach to assess the effect of the above-water bow form on the ship added resistance

Ocean Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.09.005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 34-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ming-Chung Fang ◽

Zi-Yi Lee ◽

Kao-Tuao Huang

Keyword(s):

Added Resistance ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Simple Alternative

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Modular automated bottom-up proteomic sample preparation for high-throughput applications v1

10.17504/protocols.io.bwxypfpw ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Chen ◽

Nurgul Kaplan Lease ◽

Jennifer Gin ◽

Tad Ogorzalek ◽

Paul D. Adams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

High Throughput ◽

Tryptic Digestion ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Protocol Development ◽

Set Up

Manual proteomic sample preparation methods limit sample throughput and often lead to poor data quality when thousands of samples must be analyzed. Automated workflows are increasingly used to overcome these issues for some (or even all) of the sample preparation steps. Here, we detail three optimised step-by-step protocols to: (A) lyse Gram-negative bacteria and fungal cells; (B) quantify the amount of protein extracted; and (C) normalize the amount of protein and set up tryptic digestion. These protocols have been developed to facilitate rapid, low variance sample preparation of hundreds of samples, be easily implemented on widely-available Beckman-Coulter Biomek automated liquid handlers, and allow flexibility for future protocol development. By using this workflow 50 micrograms of peptides for 96 samples can be prepared for tryptic digestion in under an hour. We validate these protocols by analyzing 47 E. coli and R. toruloides samples and show that this modular workflow provides robust, reproducible proteomic samples for high-throughput applications. The expected results from these protocols are 94 peptide samples from Gram-negative bacterial and fungal cells prepared for bottom-up quantitative proteomic analysis without the need for desalting column cleanup and with peptide variance (CVs) below 15%.

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Novel Approach for Battery Type Determination: A Mere Electrical Alternative

10.21203/rs.3.rs-858317/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

İsmail Can Dikmen ◽

Teoman Karadağ

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Decision Tree ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

High Capacity ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Battery Management ◽

Separation Function ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Tree Algorithms

Abstract Today, the storage of electrical energy is one of the most important technical challenges. The increasing number of high capacity, high-power applications, especially electric vehicles and grid energy storage, points to the fact that we will be faced with a large amount of batteries that will need to be recycled and separated in the near future. An alternative method to the currently used methods for separating these batteries according to their chemistry is discussed in this study. This method can be applied even on integrated circuits due to its ease of implementation and low operational cost. In this respect, it is also possible to use it in multi-chemistry battery management systems to detect the chemistry of the connected battery. For the implementation of the method, the batteries are connected to two different loads alternately. In this way, current and voltage values are measured for two different loads without allowing the battery to relax. The obtained data is pre-processed with a separation function developed based on statistical significance. In machine learning algorithms, artificial neural network and decision tree algorithms are trained with processed data and used to determine battery chemistry with 100% accuracy. The efficiency and ease of implementation of the decision tree algorithm in such a categorization method are presented comparatively.

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Optimal Falling Track Design for Twice detonating Fuze of Double event Fuel air Explosive with High Speed

Defence Science Journal ◽

10.14429/dsj.70.14868 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 366-373

Author(s):

Congliang Ye ◽

Qi Zhang

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Single Point ◽

Design System ◽

Motion Trajectory ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Scale Experiment ◽

Set Up ◽

Point Center ◽

Double Event

To prevent the initiation failure caused by the uncontrolled fuze and improve the weapon reliability in the high-speed double-event fuel-air explosive (DEFAE) application, it is necessary to study the TDF motion trajectory and set up a twice-detonating fuze (TDF) design system. Hence, a novel approach of realising the fixed single-point center initiation by TDF within the fuel air cloud is proposed. Accordingly, a computational model for the TDF motion state with the nonlinear mechanics analysis is built due to the expensive and difficult full-scale experiment. Moreover, the TDF guidance design system is programmed using MATLAB with the equations of mechanical equilibrium. In addition, by this system, influences of various input parameters on the TDF motion trajectory are studied in detail singly. Conclusively, the result of a certain TDF example indicates that this paper provides an economical idea for the TDF design, and the developed graphical user interface of high-efficiency for the weapon designers to facilitate the high-speed DEFAE missile development.

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Visual Biochemistry: modular microfluidics enables kinetic insight from time-resolved cryo-EM

10.1101/2020.03.04.972604 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Märt-Erik Mäeots ◽

Byungjin Lee ◽

Andrea Nans ◽

Seung-Geun Jeong ◽

Mohammad M. N. Esfahani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Reaction Intermediates ◽

Protein Distribution ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

Molecular Events ◽

Biophysical Analysis ◽

Common Strategy ◽

Set Up

AbstractMechanistic understanding of biochemical reactions requires structural and kinetic characterization of the underlying chemical processes. However, no single experimental technique can provide this information in a broadly applicable manner and thus structural studies of static macromolecules are often complemented by biophysical analysis. Moreover, the common strategy of utilizing mutants or crosslinking probes to stabilize otherwise short-lived reaction intermediates is prone to trapping off-pathway artefacts and precludes determining the order of molecular events. To overcome these limitations and allow visualisation of biochemical processes at near-atomic spatial resolution and millisecond time scales, we developed a time-resolved sample preparation method for cryo-electron microscopy (trEM). We integrated a modular microfluidic device, featuring a 3D-mixing unit and a delay line of variable length, with a gas-assisted nozzle and motorised plunge-freeze set-up that enables automated, fast, and blot-free sample vitrification. This sample preparation not only preserves high-resolution structural detail but also substantially improves protein distribution across the vitreous ice. We validated the method by examining the formation of RecA filaments on single-stranded DNA. We could reliably visualise reaction intermediates of early filament growth across three orders of magnitude on sub-second timescales. Quantification of the trEM data allowed us to characterize the kinetics of RecA filament growth. The trEM method reported here is versatile, easy to reproduce and thus readily adaptable to a broad spectrum of fundamental questions in biology.

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LASRE: A Novel Approach to Large area Accelerated Segmentation for Reverse Engineering on SEM images

ISTFA 2020: Papers Accepted for the Planned 46th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2020p0180 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ronald Wilson ◽

Domenic Forte ◽

Navid Asadizanjani ◽

Damon L. Woodard

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Reverse Engineering ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Primary Source ◽

Time Frame ◽

Large Area ◽

Sem Images ◽

Model Free ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Daunting Task

Abstract In the hardware assurance community, Reverse Engineering (RE) is considered a key tool and asset in ensuring the security and reliability of Integrated Circuits (IC). However, with the introduction of advanced node technologies, the application of RE to ICs is turning into a daunting task. This is amplified by the challenges introduced by the imaging modalities such as the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) used in acquiring images of ICs. One such challenge is the lack of understanding of the influence of noise in the imaging modality along with its detrimental effect on the quality of images and the overall time frame required for imaging the IC. In this paper, we characterize some aspects of the noise in the image along with its primary source. Furthermore, we use this understanding to propose a novel texture-based segmentation algorithm for SEM images called LASRE. The proposed approach is unsupervised, model-free, robust to the presence of noise and can be applied to all layers of the IC with consistent results. Finally, the results from a comparison study is reported, and the issues associated with the approach are discussed in detail. The approach consistently achieved over 86% accuracy in segmenting various layers in the IC.

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Interactive and Collaborative Virus-Evolutionary CNC Machining Optimization Environment

Robotics, Automation, and Control in Industrial and Service Settings - Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8693-9.ch004 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 110-141

Author(s):

N. A. Fountas ◽

N. M. Vaxevanidis ◽

C. I. Stergiou ◽

R. Benhadj-Djilali

Keyword(s):

Cnc Machining ◽

Machining Parameters ◽

Sculptured Surfaces ◽

Surface Machining ◽

Theory Of Evolution ◽

Sculptured Surface Machining ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Manufacturing Software ◽

Machining Strategies ◽

Machining Optimization

Research on the area of sculptured surface machining optimization is currently directed towards the implementation of artificial intelligence techniques. This chapter aims at presenting a novel approach of optimizing machining strategies applied to manufacture complex part geometries. Towards this direction a new genetic-evolutionary algorithm based on the virus theory of evolution is developed as a hosted module to a commercial and widely known CAM system. The new genetic algorithm automatically evaluates pairs of candidate solutions among machining parameters for roughing and finishing operations so as to optimize their values for obtaining optimum machining programs for sculptured parts in terms of productivity and quality. This is achieved by introducing new directions of manipulating manufacturing software tools through programming and customization. The environment was tested for its efficiency and has been proven capable of providing applicable results for the machining of sculptured surfaces.

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Recent Developments in Mechanical Specimen Preparation for Tem and Sem Applications

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600017980 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (S2) ◽

pp. 932-933

Author(s):

W. Li ◽

S. Q. Wang ◽

R. Trussell ◽

M. Xu ◽

R.D. Venables ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Integrated Circuits ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Ion Beam ◽

Wedge Angle ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Precise Control ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Polishing Tool

The continued reduction in the size of critical features in integrated circuits has resulted in the need to develop rapid, site-specific, sectioning techniques to enable efficient physical characterization of the structures of interest. We have implemented a mechanical polishing approach to achieve this objective with the additional goals of maximizing the number of targeted sites in a sample that can be analyzed, and minimizing physically destructive procedures, such as ion beam exposure. Precision sample preparation approaches have been under investigation for both transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The mechanical specimen preparation approach used in this work is a variant of the well-known wedge polishing technique. Here we use a polishing tool that does not contact the grinding surface, thus allowing precise control of the wedge angle. Prior to sample preparation, the polishing tool head was precision aligned parallel to the platen.

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