scholarly journals ДІАЛЕКТНА ТЕКСТОТЕКА: ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ІНФОРМАТИВНІСТЬ

Author(s):  
Ірина Задорожня ◽  

The article reviews the problem of Ukrainian dialectic textography. This scientific area has been recently enriched with new works. This article focuses on dialectic text. Text is one of the important tools to represent dialect materials. For example, small text fragments show how can a lexeme behave in a speech-space. One of the dialects of the central region of Ukraine was chosen for the analysis, as this dialect specifically is one of the ancestors of the modern Ukrainian literary language. The subject of the presented fragments is associated with popular geographical terminology. This vocabulary is closely related to primordial history and culture. This thematic group is archaic. It has not yet become the object of a separate study, which would represent the whole variety of dialects from the entire territory of Ukraine. Up until today, there are only a few regional works.

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-323
Author(s):  
Natalya I. Kikilo ◽  

In the Macedonian literary language the analytic da-construction used in an independent clause has a wide range of possible modal meanings, the most common of which are imperative and optative. The present article offers a detailed analysis of the semantics and functions of the Macedonian optative da-construction based on fiction and journalistic texts. The first part of the article deals with the specificities of the optative as a category which primarily considers the subject of a wish. In accordance with the semantic characteristics of this category, optative constructions are used in those discourse text types where the speakers are explicitly designated (the most natural context for the optative is the dialogue). The analysis of the Macedonian material includes instances of atypical usage of the optative da-construction, in which the wish of the subject is not apparent and thereby produces new emotional tonalities perceptible to the reader of a fiction/journalistic text. The study describes Macedonian constructions involving two different verb forms: 1) present tense form (da + praes) and 2) imperfective form (da + impf). These constructions formally designate the hypothetical and counterfactual status of the optative situation, respectively. Thus, the examples in the analysis are ordered according to two types of constructions, which reflect the speaker’s view on the probability of the realisation of his/her wish. Unrealistic wishes can be communicated through the present da-construction, while the imperfective construction denotes situations in which the wish can be realised in the future. The second part of the article is devoted to performative optative da-constructions, which express formulas of speech etiquette, wishes and curses. The analysis demonstrates that these constructions lose their magical functions, when used outside of the ritual context, and begin to function as interjections.


Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Anatoliy L. Sharandin ◽  
Yixin Li

The analysis of the problem of the relationship among folk, authors’ folk and authors’ literary tales with linguistic consciousness types is presented. The analysis results indicate that the texts of fairy tales are linguistic representatives of creative (artistic) consciousness and correlate with types of concepts. Folk tales reflect the creative potential of everyday consciousness and represent the folklore concept. Authors’ folk tales are interpretative tales that reflect the syncretic (collective and individual, folk and author’s) consciousness and implement the folklore and literary concept. The literary fairy tale itself is a textual representative of its author’s individual artistic consciousness and the reached artistic concept. It is important to take the form of fairy tales’ household into account – oral (folk tales) and written (author’s literary tales), their relationship with the subject (storyteller or author) and focus on the object (listener or reader). This determines the variability and non-variability of fairy tales. Types of linguistic consciousness are associated with the language: in folklore tales, folk language that is not processed by masters is used, in author’s tales, literary language that implements an individually authors’ system of language means is used. In folk tales, traditional folk poetry is presented, in author’s tales – traditionally artistic and artistic poetics. The individual style of folk tales is traditional for folklore and the individual style of literary tales is individually authors’.


Paragraph ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-245
Author(s):  
Eric Prieto

This article uses Jacques Réda's theory of poetic swing to show how the traditional metrical analysis of poetic rhythm might be updated to better reflect the rhythmic intricacies of contemporary French literary language. It begins by situating Jacques Réda's rhythmic practices with respect to the deconstructive theories of rhythm and subjectivity espoused by Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe and Henri Meschonnic. Using the concept of swing, Réda seeks to show why certain rhythmic patterns feel ‘right’ to him, and how they enable him to put his personal stamp on the French language as he seeks to show, like Lacoue-Labarthe and Meschonnic, that there is such a thing as a rhythmic ‘essence of the subject’.


AJS Review ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai A. Friedman

The “killer wife” superstition, by which we mean the belief that the husbands of certain women are doomed to die, is examined here as it appears in Jewish sources from the Bible to Maimonides. The many pertinent developments in post-talmudic-midrashic sources require a separate study. For this period we confine our discussion to Maimonides, the most significant medieval spokesman on the subject. Our topic is a popular theme in folklore. Here our primary interest is in how the religion of Israel reacted to the superstition, both conceptually and practically.


1994 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 327-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Baines ◽  
Humio Mitsudera

In homogeneous and density-stratified inviscid shear flows, the mechanism for instability that is most commonly invoked and discussed is Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, as it occurs for a simple velocity discontinuity. There is a second mechanism, the wave-interaction mechanism, which is much more general, and is the subject of this paper. This mechanism depends on two free waves that propagate in opposite directions in a stratified shear flow, and which may become stationary relative to each other because of the shear. If this occurs, and their relative phase is suitably chosen, the velocity field of each wave increases the displacement of the other, and so the disturbance grows.We show that this mechanism is responsible for instability in a general class of symmetric but otherwise arbitrary velocity and density profiles, provided that the Richardson number Ri < ¼ in a central region of arbitrarily small thickness. A critical layer exists in this central region for the growing disturbance, but its role in the instability process is incidental. When Ri > ¼ everywhere, the flow is stable because the free waves described above are absorbed by the critical layer, and hence are heavily damped. The necessary criteria of Rayleigh and Fjortoft for instability in homogeneous fluid are seen to provide a suitable geometry for two interacting waves. Some specific examples are given, including a succinct explanation of Holmboe waves.


Starinar ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
Gordana Jeremic ◽  
Snezana Golubovic ◽  
Slobodan Drca

In the period from 1952-1967, during the systematic archaeological excavations of the area of the eastern necropolis of Naissus, in the modern day city quarter of Jagodin Mala, in Nis, a large number of glass objects was found. A representative portion of the findings was published in various publications, while the other findings, which belong to the study collection of the National Museum in Nis, have not been the subject of any separate study. These are new kinds of findings, such as glass lamps, window panes and tesserae, and the collection also includes the familiar, standard repertoire of glass vessels of the Late Antiquity period. The findings come from the grave units, the cemetery basilica with its crypt, and the archaeological layers from the area of the necropolis in Jagodin Mala. Besides the typological-chronological, as well as the topographic analysis, the paper also presents a complete image of the glass objects from the area of the necropolis, used in the burial and liturgical practices of the population of Naissus in Late Antiquity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Karaban ◽  

The article examines innovations of well-known specialist in methods of teaching translation and foreign languages, translation scholar, and linguist Prof. Chernovaty L.M. in educational, methodological, translator-social, and scholarly spheres in connection with his 70th anniversary. The main attention is paid to his important initiative to prepare and publish a series of textbooks “Dictum Factum” and manuals on teaching translation in tertiary schools of Ukraine at a time when there was a special need for them, in particular, because of the lack of adequate teaching materials based on the Ukrainian language. Noted is his significant contribution to ensuring the quality and proper teaching of translation, translation studies, and translation studies disciplines at translation faculties and university departments. Exceptional is his role in the formation and development of methods of teaching translation as a specialty and the formation of the corresponding scientific school through the preparation of candidates of sciences and masters of arts. Highlighted are his significant initiatives on organizing professional societies of translators and teachers of translation and translation studies, in particular, creating the All- Ukrainian Union of Translation Teachers, bringing a sense of purpose to its activities. The analysis of his scientific, scientific-methodical, pedagogical, educational, and public work testifies to the great initiativeness of prof. Chernovatyi L.M. and productivity of his activities, which may be the subject of a separate study of his bio-bibliography.


2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 108-119
Author(s):  
Nadka Nikolova

he article presents the results of a study on the contribution of Anastas Granitski, one of the most active translators of popular and widely read literary works, to building the structural basis and spelling and language norms of the Bulgarian literary language of the Revival period. The subject of observation is a part of the translation of the 1858 Тръговско рѫководство (Commercial Guidebook) titled За тръговско писмописанїе (On Commercial Letter Writing), a practical guide for keeping business correspondence. The author analyses nouns with respect to the categories of gender, number, case and definiteness/indefiniteness. The study of the forms helps to identify the original works the translator complied with: the grammars by Neofit Rilski (1835) and Ivan Bogorov (1844). Keywords: Bulgarian Revival, modern Bulgarian literary language, linguistic and spelling norms, nouns


Author(s):  
Olga Kryuchkova

Введение. Наиболее показательным материалом для изучения того, как носители диалекта осознают свою и чужую речь, каковы особенности их языковой рефлексии, являются метаязыковые высказывания. Исследования этого феномена выявили целый ряд особенностей языкового сознания носителей говоров. Однако до настоящего времени не был предметом рассмотрения динамический аспект языкового сознания носителей диалекта. Цель – выявить типы (степени) метаязыковой рефлексии и определить факторы ее неоднородности в речи диалектоносителей. Материал и методы. Материал анализа – контексты с метаязыковой темой; предмет наблюдений – характер развертывания метаязыковой темы в речи диалектоносителя, его способность к метаязыковой рефлексии; основной метод исследования – вероятностное моделирование объекта. Результаты и обсуждение. Записи диалектной речи представляют разные степени осознания речи диалектоносителями – от почти полной невозможности сосредоточения внимания на слове как таковом, в отвлечении от обозначаемых словом предметов и ситуаций, до активной метаязыковой рефлексии. Внимание диалектоносителей к языку и речи обычно усиливается в тех коммуникативных ситуациях, когда общающиеся принадлежат к разным социальным группам и владеют заметно различающимися языковыми и/или культурными кодами. Есть также и случаи переходные, промежуточные между этими двумя крайними точками шкалы степени осознания речи. Это случаи затрудненного, постепенного перехода от ситуативной рефлексии к собственно языковой, случаи переключения с метаязыковой темы на рассуждение о соответствующей реалии, а также метаязыковая рефлексия, возникающая в ситуациях, нетипичных для носителей литературного языка. Заключение. Характерным для бесписьменной традиционной культуры является слабое осознание речи, тесное слияние слова с жизненными ситуациями. Это определяется общими особенностями сознания носителей традиционной народной культуры – приоритетом обыденного сознания, противопоставленного сознанию рациональному (теоретическому), которое формируется путем специально организованной познавательной деятельности. Усиление метаязыковой рефлексии связано с распространением грамотности среди диалектоносителей. Приобщение к письменной культуре ведет к большему осознанию речи, изменению баланса междуобыденным и рациональным сознанием. Шкала степеней осознания речи – результат и свидетельство изменений, происходящих в диалектной коммуникации. Специфика социокультурных ситуаций в говорах поддерживает и активизирует тенденцию к усилению метаязыковой рефлексии.Introduction. Meta-language narratives are the most indicative material to study how the dialect speakers perceive their own speech and the speech of others, as well as peculiarities of their linguistic reflection. The study of this phenomenon revealed the set of peculiarities of dialect speakers’ language consciousness. But dynamic aspects of dialect speakers’ language consciousness haven’t been examined until present. The purpose of the article is to reveal the types (degrees) of meta-language reflection and to determine the factors of its heterogeneity in the speech of dialect speakers. Material and methods. The material for analysis includes contexts with meta-language topics; the subject of the research is the character of meta-language topic development in the speech of a dialect speaker, as well as his ability for metalanguage reflection; the main research method is probabilistic object modeling. Results and discussion. Records of dialect speech represent different degrees of awareness of dialect speakers of their speech – from almost complete inability to concentrate their attention on a word itself, in distraction from objects and situations denoted by this word, to the active meta-language reflection. The attention of dialect speakers is usually drawn to the language and speech in those communicative situations, when the communicants belong to different social groups and have visibly different language and/or culture codes. But there are also transitional, intermediate degrees of speech awareness. These are the cases of effortful, gradual transition from the situational reflection to the linguistic one, the cases of switching from meta-language topic to the reflection on the corresponding facts or things, as well as the cases of meta-language reflection in situations, untypical for literary language speakers. Conclusion. Unwritten traditional culture is characterized by the weak speech awareness, by the interfusion of the word itself and situations it represents. These features are consequences of such general distinguishing characteristics of traditional folk life culture bearers as the priority of trivial consciousness in contrast with rational (theoretical) consciousness, which is formed by specially organized cognitive activity. The strengthening of meta-language reflection is associated with the growth of literacy among the dialect speakers. Familiarization with written culture leads to greater speech awareness, to shifting the balance between trivial and rational consciousness. The scale of the degrees of speech awareness in dialect speech is the result and the evidence of changes in dialect communication. The specificity of socio-cultural situations in the dialects supports and promotes the tendency to the expansion of meta-language reflection.


Author(s):  
Julia V. Zinovjeva ◽  

The concept of «museum volunteer» appeared in our country in recent decades and needs to be understood in the context of general trends in the increased attention of the state and society to volunteering, manifested in lawmaking, creation of support programs and trend towards institutionalization and professionalization. The semantic field of cultural practice and scientific research has also been enriched with the concepts of «volunteers for preservation of the objects of cultural and historical heritage», which have not become the subject of a separate study yet but reflected the ongoing processes of meaningful filling of diverse voluntary activities in the cultural sphere. In the rapidly changing world of our time, the phenomenon of volunteering in the field of culture is subject to dynamic changes, however, as a phenomenon socially approved and supported by the state and society, it becomes a platform for social unification and interaction, for development of personality and culture.


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