scholarly journals BIODELIGNIFICATION OF LEMON PEELS USING Aspergillus sp. TO IMPROVE YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF EXTXRACTED LEMON OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Abduh ◽  
Enjelina Nababan ◽  
Firdanta Ginting ◽  
Jenny Juliati ◽  
Husna Nugrahapraja
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Lemon Oil ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

 Lemon oil obtained from lemon peels has a high market value. However, the presence of lignocellulose composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, can inhibit the extraction process. This study aimed to determine the effect of biodelignification on lemon peels using Aspergillus sp. towards lignin content, yield, chemical composition, and productivity of lemon oil. A solid-state fermentation was carried out under controlled relative humidity of 99% and a light intensity of ~0 W/cm2 for 0, 3, 6, and 9 days. The number of spores used was in the range of 0.3-5 x 105 spores/gram substrate with a ratio of spore solution and substrate of 1:1. Extraction was performed using a steam distillation method at 97-98°C for 6 hours. The results showed that the lignin content decreased with an increased fermentation time: 8.01%, 6.97-7.28%, 5.83-7.28%, and 4.35-5.44% dry weight for day 0, 3, 6, and 9, respectively. Lemon oil yield increased as the period of fermentation increased up to 0.27%, 0.29-0.31%, 0,30-0.46%%, and 0.67-0.79% for day-0, 3, 6, and 9, respectively. A major component of lemon oil is d-limonene. The d-limonene content reached 72,54% for day-0, 73-99% for day-3, 75,09-84.59% for day-6, and 88,03-99% for day-9. ABSTRAK: Minyak lemon yang terhasil dari kupasan lemon mempunyai nilai tinggi dalam pasaran. Walau bagaimanapun, kehadiran lignoselulosa yang terdiri daripada selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin, boleh merencatkan proses pengekstrakan. Kajian ini bertujuan memperolehi kesan biodelignifikasi pada kulit lemon menggunakan Aspergillus sp. terhadap kandungan lignin, hasil, komposisi kimia, dan penghasilan minyak lemon. Penapaian keadaan-pepejal dijalankan di bawah 99% kawalan kelembapan relatif dan keamatan cahaya ~0 W/cm2 bagi 0, 3, 6 dan 9 hari. Bilangan spora yang digunakan adalah dalam lingkungan substrat 0.3-5 x 105 spora/gram dengan nisbah larutan spora kepada substrat adalah 1:1. Pengekstrakan dijalankan menggunakan kaedah penyulingan stim pada suhu 97-98°C selama 6 jam. Keputusan menunjukkan kandungan lignin berkurangan dengan pertambahan masa penapaian: 8.01%, 6.97-7.28%, 5.83-7.28%, dan 4.35-5.44% berat kering pada hari 0, 3, 6, dan 9, masing-masing. Hasil minyak lemon bertambah dengan pertambahan masa penapaian sehingga 0.27%, 0.29-0.31%, 0,30-0.46%%, dan 0.67-0.79% pada hari 0, 3, 6, dan 9, masing-masing. Komponen major minyak lemon adalah d-limonina. Kandungan d-limonina mencapai 72,54% pada hari-0, 73-99% pada hari-3, 75,09-84.59% pada hari-6, dan 88,03-99% pada hari-9.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and content of essential oil from the bud of cultivated Turkish clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.)

BioResources ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hakki Alma ◽  
Murat Ertaş ◽  
Siegfrie Nitz ◽  
Hubert Kollmannsberger
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Eugenyl Acetate ◽  
Clove Bud Oil ◽  
Oil Company

In this study, clove bud oil, which was cultivated in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, was provided from a private essential oil company in Turkey. Essential oil from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was obtained from steam-distillation method, and its chemical composition was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that the essential oils mainly contained about 87.00% eugenol, 8.01% eugenyl acetate and 3.56% β-Caryophyllene. The chemical composition of the Turkish clove bud oil was comparable to those of trees naturally grown in their native regions.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Pengaruh Lama Pengeringan Terhadap Rendemen Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis) dengan Destilasi Uap dan Identifikasi Linalool dengan KLT-Spektrofotodensitometri

2018 ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
I Made Suardhika
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Treatment ◽  
Skin Samples

This study aims to determine the effect of drying time on the yield of essential oils from orange peel (Citrus sinensis) and identify the presence of linalool compounds from essential oils. 300 grams of orange skin samples were dried at 40ºC using an oven with a drying treatment of 0 hours (fresh), 24 hours, and 48 hours. The extraction process is carried out by steam distillation method with attainment of 500 ml of distillate. Essential oils are separated from water using liquidliquid extraction (LLE), so that the essential oils are maximally obtained. The highest yield of essential oil obtained in the sample with a drying treatment for 48 hours is 0.5% (MA3), 24-hour drying obtained a yield of 0.4% (MA2) and the sample without drying provides the smallest yield of 0.2% (MA1). Identification of linalool compounds using TLC-Spectrophotodensitometry was carried out to determine the amount of linalool content seen from the AUC (Area Under Curve). AUC MA3 sample is 39475, MA2 is 35889, and MA1 is 8980. Based on the data obtained can be concluded that the drying duration of the sample affects the yield of essential oils and linalool compounds that obtained.

Chemical Composition of Native and Ammonia Fiber Expansion Pretreated Rice Straw-Unextracted versus Extractives-free Material

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhaida Harun ◽  
Jamaliah Md Jahim ◽  
Mohd. Sobri Takriff ◽  
Osman Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Klason Lignin ◽  
Ammonia Fiber Expansion ◽  
Free Material

Characterization of chemical composition for lignocellulosic biomasss (LCB) is essential in the conversion process of LCB to bioenergy and biochemicals. Accurate quantification of chemical composition allows for better determination of the LCB conversion and product yield in LCB processing. However, the presence of the extractable material is stated to strongly influence the compositional analysis of the LCB. This study was conducted to analyze and compare the chemical composition of (A) native-whole unextracted rice straw of (1) untreated rice straw (URS) and (2) AFEX pretreated rice straw (AC1RS and AC2RS) as well as (B) the extractives-free rice straw of (1) URS and (2) AFEX pretreated rice straw (AC1RS and AC2RS). The effect of the AFEX pretreatment on the composition of rice straw was determined using the extractives-free material of URS, AC1RS and AC2RS. The actual reported composition of native-whole rice straw of URS and AFEX pretreated rice straw were made based on the corrected values of the extractives-free rice straw of URS and AFEX pretreated rice straw. The rice straw was analyzed for structural constituents such as glucan, xylan, arabinan and Klason lignin as well as non-structural constituents. The results demonstrated that the extractives in native-whole unextracted rice straw significantly interfere with the analysis of Klason lignin. The lignin content of the rice straw was overestimated if the extractives were not removed prior to the compositional analysis. The extractives in rice straw statistically did not affect the carbohydrate analyses. However, some soluble sugars were removed from the rice straw during the extraction process.

Harvest Field Sizing as a Technique to Remove Undersize French Prunes

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 452a-452
Author(s):  
Richard Buchner ◽  
Seeley Mudd ◽  
Bruce Carroll ◽  
Mark Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
High Sugar Content

Overall profitability is a major goal in successful prune production and a major component in any prune management system. Large prune crops in 1996 and 1997 have stimulated considerable interest in undersize fruit. Undersize prunes currently have marginal value and may represent a net loss because of costs to haul, dry, and to market order payments on low value prunes. One technique to control delivery size is to field size at harvest. Field sizing involves installing size-sorting devices on harvesters, which allow small prunes to fall out while valuable fruit is collected. Field sizing is considered a “risky” strategy because of the potential to remove prunes with economic value. During the 1997 harvest, 21 infield harvest sizing evaluations were made in prune orchards throughout Tehama county. The first evaluation occurred on 12 Aug. 1997, at the start of prune harvest. The final evaluation was done on 5 Sept. 1997, at the tail end of harvest. The objective was to sample throughout the harvest period to test field sizing under various sugar, size, and fruit pressure scenarios. The test machine was 1-inch bar sizer. Of the 21 sample dates, undersize fruit was clearly not marketable in 20 of the 21 samples. Discarded fruit averaged 133 dry count per pound. Only one sample out of 21 may have had market value at 86 dry count per pound. Although small in size, these prunes had very high sugar content contributing to their dry weight. In this evaluation, a 1-inch bar sizer did a good job of separating fruit with and without market value under the 1997 price schedule. As harvest date becomes later and soluble solids increase, the chances of sorting out marketable prunes also increases.

Research on Ethanol Production by Biological Fermentation of Potato Pulp

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Potato Pulp ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Production Rate ◽  
Solid Liquid

Bioconversion of potato pulp to fuel ethanol, analysing the potato pulp chemical composition and determining the potato pulp in the role of microorganism produce ethanol under the best conditions is the major research. An analysis of the chemical composition of potato pulp showed that : the basic ingredients are Protein (9.72%), Starch (25.52%), Cellulose (17.90%). The effects of ethanol production rate of solid-liquid ratio, fermentation temperature, inoculumconcertration, fermentation time. The results showed that: the best conditions producting ethanol from potato pulp obtained by single factor experiments are: solid-liquid ratio: 1:15, fermentation temperature: 35°C, inoculumconcertration: 3mL, fermentation time: 20h. Under this occasion, the ethanol production rate was 0.183mL·g-1.

scholarly journals Handmade paper from waste banana fibre

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
KMY Arafat ◽  
J Nayeem ◽  
AH Quadery ◽  
MA Quaiyyum ◽  
M Sarwar Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
Handmade Paper ◽  
Banana Fibre

Banana fibre is a natural fibre with high strength, which can be blended easily with cotton fibre or synthetic fibre to produce composite material. In the fiber extraction process, a substantial amount of lignocellulosic wastes are generated, disposal of which creates problem in the adjacent area. In this paper, extracted banana fiber (EBF) and waste banana fiber (WBF) were characterized in terms of chemical and morphological properties to produce handmade paper. WBF was characterized with lower α–cellulose, lignin content and longer fiber length. Pulping of EBF and WBF was carried out with varying active alkali and cooking time at boiling temperature. Pulp yield of WBF was 35.9% after 120 min of cooking with 8% alkali charge. In the unbeaten state the degrees of drainage resistance i.e. SR values were 65 and 71 for EBF and WBF, respectively. The tensile, burst and tear indices of WBF were 23.7 N.m/g, 2.2 kPa.m2/g and 5.0 mN.m2/g, respectively; these were much lower as compared to EBF. These values however, meet the requirement for handmade paper.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(2), 83-88, 2018

scholarly journals Influence of the precursor chemical composition on heavy metal adsorption properties of hemp (Cannabis Sativa) fibers based biocarbon

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1417-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Vukcevic ◽  
Biljana Pejic ◽  
Ivana Pajic-Lijakovic ◽  
Ana Kalijadis ◽  
Mirjana Kostic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Hemp Fibers

Waste hemp (Cannabis sativa) fibers were used as sustainable and renewable raw materials for production of low-cost biocarbon sorbent for heavy metals removal. Carbon precursors of different chemical composition were obtained by oxidative and alkaline treatments of hemp fibers. Influence of lignocellulosic precursor chemical composition on hemp fibers-based biocarbon (HFB) characteristics was examined by BET surface area measurement, scanning electron microscopy and mass titration. It was found that lignin content and polymorphic transformation of cellulose increase the SBET of microporous HFBs, while hemicelluloses induce more homogeneous distribution of adsorption active sites. Heavy metal ions adsorption onto HFBs is primarily influenced by the amount of surface oxygen groups, while specific surface area plays a secondary role. Equilibrium data obtained for lead ions adsorption were analyzed by different nonlinear adsorption isotherms, and the best fitting model was chosen using standard deviation and Akaike information criterion (AICC). The maximum adsorption capacities of HFBs ranged from 103.1 to 116.3 mg Pb/g. Thermodynamic parameters showed that Pb2+ adsorption onto HFBs is a spontaneous and complex endothermic process, suggesting the coexistence of physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of Crocus sativus Leaf Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Olha Mykhailenko ◽  
Vilma Petrikaite ◽  
Michal Korinek ◽  
Fang-Rong Chang ◽  
Mohamed El-Shazly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Crocus sativus L. (saffron) has been traditionally used as a food coloring or flavoring agent, but recent research has shown its potent pharmacological activity to tackle several health-related conditions. Crocus sp. leaves, and petals are the by-products of saffron production and are not usually used in the medicine or food industries. The present study was designed to determine the chemical composition of the water and ethanolic extracts of C. sativus leaves and test their cytotoxic activity against melanoma (IGR39) and triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines by MTT assay. We also determined their anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities. HPLC fingerprint analysis showed the presence of 16 compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids, xanthones, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids, which could contribute to the extracts’ biological activities. For the first time, compounds such as tectoridin, iristectorigenin B, nigricin, and irigenin were identified in Crocus leaf extracts. The results showed that mangiferin (up to 2 mg/g dry weight) and isoorientin (8.5 mg/g dry weight) were the major active ingredients in the leaf extracts. The ethanolic extract reduced the viability of IGR39 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells with EC50 = 410 ± 100 and 330 ± 40 µg/mL, respectively. It was more active than the aqueous extract. Kaempferol and quercetin were identified as the most active compounds. Our results showed that Crocus leaves contain secondary metabolites with potent cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antifungal activity of oil extracted from leaves turmeric (Curcuma longa)

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Rini Yanti ◽  
Hermina Nurdiawati ◽  
Puji Wulandari ◽  
Yudi Pranoto ◽  
Muhammad Nur Cahyanto
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Result Show ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Fungus Growth

Turmeric rhizomes are commonly used in the culinary, pharmaceutical, herbal medicine, and beverage industries. On the contrary, turmeric leaves are underutilized.  The aims of this study were to extract the essential oil from turmeric leaves, characterize the chemical composition of the oil, and determine its antifungal activities against aflatoxin-producing fungi. Steam distillation was used to extract the essential oil from turmeric leaves. The properties of the oil were identified using GC-MS. Antimicrobial activities against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus were determined. Spores of the fungi were inoculated into potato dextrose agar plates supplemented with various quantities of turmeric leaves essential oil and incubated at 30°C for 7 days. The oil's primary constituents were α-phelandrene(46.70 %), followed by α-terpinolene (17.39 %), 1,8-cineole (8.78 %), benzene (4.24 %), and 2-β pinene (3.64 %). At low (<1%) concentrations, the oil delayed mycelia formation and at high concentrations it significantly inhibit fungal growth (at 1%) and completely inhibit colony formation (at 2%) Additionally, the result show that turmeric leaves oil can inhibited fungus growth at the lowest concentration (0.25 %) when compared to the control over a seven-day incubation period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document