Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of Crocus sativus Leaf Extracts

Crocus sativus L. (saffron) has been traditionally used as a food coloring or flavoring agent, but recent research has shown its potent pharmacological activity to tackle several health-related conditions. Crocus sp. leaves, and petals are the by-products of saffron production and are not usually used in the medicine or food industries. The present study was designed to determine the chemical composition of the water and ethanolic extracts of C. sativus leaves and test their cytotoxic activity against melanoma (IGR39) and triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines by MTT assay. We also determined their anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities. HPLC fingerprint analysis showed the presence of 16 compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids, xanthones, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids, which could contribute to the extracts’ biological activities. For the first time, compounds such as tectoridin, iristectorigenin B, nigricin, and irigenin were identified in Crocus leaf extracts. The results showed that mangiferin (up to 2 mg/g dry weight) and isoorientin (8.5 mg/g dry weight) were the major active ingredients in the leaf extracts. The ethanolic extract reduced the viability of IGR39 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells with EC50 = 410 ± 100 and 330 ± 40 µg/mL, respectively. It was more active than the aqueous extract. Kaempferol and quercetin were identified as the most active compounds. Our results showed that Crocus leaves contain secondary metabolites with potent cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.

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Determination of Antioxidant Activities and Bioactive Components of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Samonsabar)

Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.34299/mhsrj.00917 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 16-22

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Molecular Formula ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare

World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 80% of the population of developing countries use traditional medicines, mostly natural plant products, for their primary health care needs. In the past few decades, the medicinal value of plants has been assumed more important dimension owing largely to the discovery that extracts from plants contain not only primary metabolites but also a diverse array of secondary metabolites with antioxidant potential. Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural compounds with biological activities and therefore attract the attention of researchers worldwide. Antioxidants are vital substances which possess ability to protect the body from damage due to free radical-induced oxidative stress. The purpose of current study was to determine the antioxidant activities and bioactive components of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) (Samonsabar) seeds by using UV Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Aqueous extract of fennel seeds showed more antioxidant activity (IC50: 0.28 ug/ml) than ethanolic extract (IC50: 0.83 ug/ml) and comparable to standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid (IC50: 0.59 ug/ml). GC-MS analysis was fruitful in identification of compounds based on peak area, retention time, molecular formula, molecular weight, MS Fragmentions and pharmacological actions. Ten bioactive phytochemical compounds from aqueous extracts and 11 from ethanolic extract of fennel seeds were identified. These findings indicated that fennel seeds are potential to provide preventive properties against oxidative damage. These results will give scientific information for quality control of indigenous drug to herbal medicine users and local practitioners using fennel for different types of ailments

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Management of Dermatophytoses by Foliose Lichen; Heterodermia diademata (Taylor) D.D. Awasthi

Science & Technology Journal ◽

10.22232/stj.2017.05.02.02 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 79-84

Author(s):

Anand Pandey ◽

◽

Awadhesh Kumar ◽

Anupam Dikshit ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungicidal Activity ◽

Trichophyton Rubrum ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Superficial Infection ◽

Recent Advancement ◽

Secondary Substances ◽

Foliose Lichen

Lichens are demarcated as an association of two distinct and dissimilar components; the mycobiont (a fungus) and the phycobionts (an alga) forming a composite organism. The recent advancement in science has paid much attention on the biological roles of lichen secondary substances; which are attributed with a lot of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. The current research aims to unravel the fungicidal activity of lichen Heterodermia diademata, ethanolic extract (HDE) against prevalent superficial infection causing dermatophytes viz., Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum and M. canis. The HDE was found active against M. gypseum and T. mentagrophytes with MIC; 1.68 and 1.98 mg/ml and mg/ml respectively. The dermatophytes were also analyzed by molecular phylogeny of chs-1 gene for variability in MIC and prediction of susceptible pathogens.

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Antitumor and antioxidant activities of purple potato ethanolic extract and its interaction with liposomes, albumin and plasmid DNA

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo01667e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paulina Anita Strugała ◽

Anna Urbaniak ◽

Patryk Kuryś ◽

Aleksandra Włoch ◽

Teresa Kral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmid Dna ◽

Antioxidative Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ethanolic Extract

The aim of study was to broadly determine the biological activities of purple potato ethanolic extract of the Blue Congo variety (BCE). The antioxidative activity of BCE was determined in...

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Saudi Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum L. Polyphenols and Biological Activities

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8040446 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 446 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hosam O. Elansary ◽

Agnieszka Szopa ◽

Paweł Kubica ◽

Halina Ekiert ◽

Diaa O. El-Ansary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Cells ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Gentisic Acid ◽

Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid

Investigating the polyphenolic profile of natural Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum populations may reveal essential compounds that have biological activities. Natural populations of R. officinalis and O. basilicum in Northern Riyadh were investigated by HPLC-DAD analyses. Several polyphenols, including rosmarinic acid, gentisic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, rutoside, and others, out of 38 screened were confirmed. Rosmarinic acid was the major polyphenol in both of R. officinalis and O. basilicum. R. officinalis methanolic leaf extracts contained other phenols such as gentisic acid while O. basilicum contained also 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and rutoside as well as others. R. officinalis showed higher antioxidant activities than O. basilicum using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching assays. These higher activities are associated with a higher composition of rosmarinic acid in leaf extracts. The antioxidant activities of O. basilicum were attributed to identified phenols of rosmarinic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and rutoside. There were antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of leaf extracts, as well as identified polyphenols, against several cancer cells. These activities were attributed to the accumulation of necrotic and apoptotic cells in treated cancer cells with leaf extracts as well as identified polyphenols. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of leaf extracts were mainly attributed to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and rutoside in O. basilicum and rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid in R. officinalis. This study proved that R. officinalis and O. basilicum natural populations might be considered as promising sources of natural polyphenols with biological activities.

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Chemical Composition, Antifungal, and Cytotoxicity Activities of Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd Leaves

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2019/9423658 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carla de Moura Martins ◽

Sérgio A. L. de Morais ◽

Mário M. Martins ◽

Luís C. S. Cunha ◽

Cláudio V. da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Vero Cells ◽

Quercetin Glycosides ◽

Cytotoxicity Activities ◽

First Time

The species Inga laurina is native to the Brazilian Cerrado. There are no studies about the chemical composition and biological activities of extracts of this endangered species. The ethanolic extract and its successive fractions are rich in phenolic compounds and presented good antifungal activities. HPLC/MS-MS/MS and H1/C13 analysis led to the identification of seventeen compounds, most of which are gallic acid derivatives, myricetin and quercetin glycosides. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) contained high levels of total phenolics, expressed in milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract (475.3 ± 1.9 mg GAE gextract-1) and flavonoids expressed in milligrams of quercetin equivalents per gram of extract (359.3 ± 10.6 mg QE gextract-1). This fraction was active against fungi of the Candida genus. The EAF showed MIC value 11.7 μg mL−1 against C. glabrata and a selectivity index of 1.6 against Vero cells. The flavonol glycoside myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside was isolated for the first time from the Inga laurina. These results make I. laurina a promising plant as a source of pharmaceutical and biological active antifungal compounds.

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Biological Activities of Selected Plants and Detection of Bioactive Compounds from Ardisia elliptica Using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25133067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (13) ◽

pp. 3067

Author(s):

Pei Lou Wong ◽

Nurul Azila Fauzi ◽

Siti Norhamimah Mohamed Yunus ◽

Nur Ashikin Abdul Hamid ◽

Siti Zulaikha Abd Ghafar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽

Long Time ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Q Exactive ◽

Ardisia Elliptica

Plants and plant-based products have been used for a long time for medicinal purposes. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and anti-α-glucosidase activities of eight selected underutilized plants in Malaysia: Leucaena leucocephala, Muntingia calabura, Spondias dulcis, Annona squamosa, Ardisia elliptica, Cynometra cauliflora, Ficus auriculata, and Averrhoa bilimbi. This study showed that the 70% ethanolic extract of all plants exhibited total phenolic content (TPC) ranging from 51 to 344 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight. A. elliptica showed strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activities, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 2.17 and 49.43 μg/mL, respectively. Most of the tested plant extracts showed higher inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity than the standard, quercetin, particularly A. elliptica, F. auriculata, and M. calabura extracts with IC50 values of 0.29, 0.36, and 0.51 μg/mL, respectively. A total of 62 metabolites including flavonoids, triterpenoids, benzoquinones, and fatty acids were tentatively identified in the most active plant, i.e., A. elliptica leaf extract, by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)–electrospray ionization (ESI) Orbitrap MS. This study suggests a potential natural source of antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitors from A. elliptica.

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Baccharis dracunculifolia and Dalbergia ecastophyllum, Main Plant Sources for Bioactive Properties in Green and Red Brazilian Propolis

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111619 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1619

Author(s):

Adela Ramona Moise ◽

Otilia Bobiş

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Raw Material ◽

Bioactive Properties ◽

Different Types ◽

Scientific Papers ◽

Valuable Product ◽

Brazilian Propolis ◽

Pharmacological Potential

Nowadays, propolis is used as a highly valuable product in alternative medicine for improving health or treating a large spectrum of pathologies, an ingredient in pharmaceutical products, and also as a food additive. Different vegetal materials are collected by honeybees and mixed with wax and other own substances in order to obtain the final product, called propolis. It is known as the bee product with the widest chemical composition due to the raw material collected by the bees. Different types are known worldwide: green Brazilian propolis (having Baccharis dracunculifolia as the major plant source), red Brazilian propolis (from Dalbergia ecastophyllum), European propolis (Populus nigra L.), Russian propolis (Betula verrucosa Ehrh), Cuban and Venezuelan red propolis (Clusia spp.), etc. An impressive number of scientific papers already demonstrate the pharmacological potential of different types of propolis, the most important activities being the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. However, the bioactive compounds responsible for each activity have not been fully elucidated. This review aims to collect important data about the chemical composition and bioactive properties of the vegetal sources and to compare with the chemical composition of respective propolis types, in order to determine the connection between the floral source and the propolis properties.

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High-Gravity-Assisted Green Synthesis of NiO-NPs Anchored on the Surface of Biodegradable Nanobeads with Potential Biomedical Applications

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jbn.2020.2904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 520-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Navid Rabiee ◽

Mojtaba Bagherzadeh ◽

Amir Mohammad Ghadiri ◽

Mahsa Kiani ◽

Sepideh Ahmadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Packed Bed ◽

High Gravity ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Rotating Packed Bed ◽

Nio Nps

Here, an unprecedented synthesis method for nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) was facilitated using Salvia hispanica leaf extracts with the assistance of a high gravity rotating packed bed (RPB) system that enabled fast mass transfer and molecular mixing. The synthesized nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of biodegradable chitosan nanobeads and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue. Additionally, the potential biological activities of NiO-NPs in terms of antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for 24 hours), cytotoxicity (using the PC12 cell line for 24 and 72 hours), and antioxidant activities (based on the discoloration of the methanolic solution of DPPH) were assessed. This novel approach for NiO-NPs@Chitosan synthesis as mediated by a renewable plant extract and facilitated by a high-gravity method, led to the greener synthesis of nanoparticles with significant antibacterial and photocatalytic properties.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from the Leaves, Stems, and Roots of Kadsura coccinea

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26206259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (20) ◽

pp. 6259

Author(s):

Tianming Zhao ◽

Chao Ma ◽

Guofei Zhu

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Kadsura Coccinea ◽

Radical Scavenging Assay

The chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils from the leaves, stems, and roots of Kadsura coccinea (K. coccinea) were investigated. The essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Antioxidant activities of the essential oils were examined with DPPH radical scavenging assay, ABTS cation radical scavenging assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum microbiocidal concentrations (MMC). Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oils were also tested. A total of 46, 44, and 47 components were identified in the leaf, stem, and root oils, representing 95.66%, 97.35%, and 92.72% of total composition, respectively. The major compounds of three essential oils were α-pinene (16.60–42.02%), β-pinene (10.03–18.82%), camphene (1.56–10.95%), borneol (0.50–7.71%), δ-cadinene (1.52–7.06%), and β-elemene (1.86–4.45%). The essential oils were found to have weak antioxidant activities and cholinesterase inhibition activities. The essential oils showed more inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) than those of other strains. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed in the root oil against S. aureus, with MIC of 0.78 mg/mL. Therefore, K. coccinea essential oils might be considered as a natural antibacterial agent against S. aureus with potential application in food and pharmaceutical industries.

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TLC Profiling of Leaves Extracts of Some Aloe Threatened Species Endemic to Madagascar for Their Antioxidant Activity

Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal ◽

10.33258/bioex.v2i3.304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 653-662

Author(s):

Rokiman Letsara ◽

Rigobert Andrianantenaina ◽

Gédéon Ngiala Bongo ◽

Colette Masengo Ashande ◽

Mahendra Ilmi S Matondang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

World Health ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Health Organization

The World Health Organization reported that at least 80% of populations rely on traditional medicine and medicinal plants for their primary health care. Due to their phytochemical compounds, the plants of the Aloe genus are reported to have high potential antiCovid-19 (and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of some Malagasy endangered species of Aloe genus. The ethanolic extract of few Aloe of Madagascar leaf extracts was fractionated by liquid-liquid partition using hexane. In total 18 different fractions from 9 species have been used to determine their antioxidant activity through in vitro model by using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Both hexanic extract and aqueous extract displayed antioxidant activities in four species. The most evident antioxidant activity was expressed by A. helenae.

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