scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of methanol and ethylacetate fractions from Glochidion superbum’s leaves extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Dahiru Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed Imad Mustafa Mahmoud ◽  
Muhammad Taher
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antibacterial Screening ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Local Plant

Introduction: The leaves of Glochidion superbum and other similar plants had been in use as a folk medicine by indigenous people in South East Asia for treatment of wound infections and diarrhoea. As recommended by WHO, studies on medicinal plants should include both identification of the chemical constituents and determination of their biological activities. Thus, the study aims to screen various local plant extracts for antibacterial activity and determine the extract fraction showing the highest antibacterial activity. Methods: In this study, Glochidion superbum leaves methanol extract was selected after preliminary antibacterial screening of this extract alongside extracts of Rennellia elliptica (leaves and roots) and Uncaria acida (stem and leaves) by the agar disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11778. Furthermore, methanol leave extract of Glochidion superbum was subjected to a qualitative phytochemical screening. The extract was fractionated using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) method and the following fractions were obtained: methanol 2.2 g (4.7%), ethylacetate 38.3 g (81.4%) and ethylacetate:methanol 5.0 g (10.6%). Results: The ethylacetate:methanol 1:1 fraction showed the highest in vitro dose-dependent inhibitory activity at concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/mL against the growth of E. coli ATCC 35218, and S. aureus ATCC 25923. Conclusions: This research has demonstrated proof of concept that the plant extract of Glochidion superbum leaves has antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Erythrina fusca Lour. Leaf Extract (Fabaceae)

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Adiez Sapura Azmi ◽  
Mohammad Humayoon Amini ◽  
Muhammad Farhan Syakir Nor Azman ◽  
Fatimah Salim ◽  
Ali Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antibacterial Screening

Erythrina fusca Lour. (family Fabaceae) is a flowering tree that is locally known as ‘chengkering’. The plant is traditionally used in treatment of some symptoms related to bacterial infections such as wound infections, inflammations, and skin itching. This work reports for the first time in vitro antibacterial screening of the E. fusca Lour. methanolic leaf extract against some common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro antibacterial assay was carried out using agar   diffusion method with the extract concentration of 3 mg/well and vancomycin 30 µg/well as the positive control. It was found that the extract exhibits antibacterial effects in range of 10.5 – 14 mm of zone of inhibition (ZOI) against all tested bacteria except for K. pneumoniae. P. aeruginosa showing ZOI of 14 mm was the most sensitive bacterium while P. vulgaris (ZOI of 10.5 mm) was the least sensitive strain to the extract. Based on the preliminary phytochemical screening of using standard qualitative phytochemical tests, this species contains significant amount of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins, which might contribute to the antibacterial activity of the extract. Both antibacterial potential and presence of various phytochemicals in the extract could support the traditional uses of E. fusca  , and the obtained results would serve as a basis for further exploration of antibacterial properties of the plant’s leaves.

scholarly journals EVALUASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI GOLONGAN SENYAWA POTENSIAL ANTIBAKTERI PADA DAUN DAN KULIT BATANG MIMBA (Azhadirachta indica A. Juss) TERHADAP Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Arif Setiawansyah ◽  
Aliefman Hakim ◽  
Dyke Gita Wirasisya
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Neem Leaves

ABSTRACT Neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) is a plant that potentially developed for antibacterial agent for both the leaves and barks. The aims of this study were to compare the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity of neem leav es and stem barks extract and to identify the antibacterial compounds of the most active fractions. The extraction method was done using sonication method. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using wells solid diffusion method and TLC-Bioautography. Extract fractionation was conducted using liquid-liquid partitioning method. The chemical compounds of extracts and fractions were analyzed using TLC and GCMS. The result of sonication extraction obtained neem leaves oil (12,02%), leaves crude extract (4,3%) and stem barks crude extract (16,85%). The major chemical constituents of GCMS analysis are 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (6,06%), L-proline,1-Acetyl-(CAS) Acetylproline (5,85%), 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (21,42%), 2,3-Dyhidrobenzofuran (2,69%), alpha-D-methylglucopyranoside (4,54%), palmitic acid (2,92%), Arabino-hex-1-enitol, 1,5-Anhydro-2-deoxy-(CAS) glucal (31,69%). Phytochemical screening of neem leaves oil, leaves and barks crude extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids and sterols. Antibacterial test results showed neem leaves oil was more effective than leaves and stem barks crude extract against Escherichia coli. The n-hexane fraction showed higher antibacterial activity than ethyl acetate fraction and ethanol fraction. Phytochemical screening of n-hexane fraction showed the presence of triterpenoids, steroids, sterols and phenols.   Mimba (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai antibakteri baik bagian daun maupun kulit batang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun dan kulit batang mimba terhadap Escherichia coli dan untuk mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa potensial antibakteri pada fraksi teraktif. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi padat menggunakan sumuran dan KLT-Bioautografi. Fraksinasi ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode partisi. Komponen kimia ekstrak dan fraksi dianalisis menggunakan KLT dan GCMS. Hasil ekstraksi sonikasi diperoleh minyak daun (12,02%), ekstrak kasar daun (4,3%) dan ekstrak kasar kulit batang (16,85%). Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan minyak daun, ekstrak kasar daun dan ekstrak kulit batang mimba mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, saponin, triterpenoid, steroid dan sterol. Komponen kimia mayor hasil analisis GCMS minyak daun mimba adalah 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (6,06%), L-proline,1-Acetyl-(CAS)Acetylproline (5,85%), 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (21,42%), 2,3-dyhidrobenzofuran (2,69%), Alpha-d-methylglucopyranoside (4,54%), Asam Palmitat (2,92%), Arabino-hex-1-enitol, 1,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-(CAS)glucal (31,69%). Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan minyak daun lebih efektif menghambat pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dibandingkan dengan ekstrak kasar daun dan kulit batang. Fraksi n-heksan menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri paling besar dibandingkan dengan fraksi etil asetat dan etanol. Hasil skrining fitokimia fraksi n-heksan menunjukkan adanya senyawa triterpenoid, steroid, sterol dan fenolik.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chitosan from Scylla serrata Against the Human Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha B ◽  
Indra V ◽  
Abdul Rahim M ◽  
Venkadachalam E
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Chitosan, a polysaccharide derivative of chitin forms the structural components in the exoskeletons of crustacean animals and is also found in the cell walls of fungi. Chitosan is produced primarily from the crab shell waste through chemical means. The chemical structure of chitosan has been identified and characterized by FT-IR and XRD. In the current study, the antimicrobial activity of chemically deacetylated chitosan extracts of mud crabs (Scylla serrata) was evaluated against five human pathogenic isolates viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar disc diffusion method. These were performed to determine the crystallinity and functional properties of chitosan. The results showed that the antibacterial effect increased with increasing chitosan concentration. This study showed that chitosan isolated from crab shell has potential antibacterial activity therefore it can be utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and that antibacterial activity may be due to functional groups present in the crab shell.

scholarly journals Comparative extraction, phytochemical screening and in vitro biological activities of Eclipta prostrata extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Zafar Alam Khan ◽  
Salaj Khare ◽  
B.K. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Dose Dependent

Medicinal plants possess therapeutic potential and are used to treat various diseases around the world. Eclipta prostrate (L.) is a medicinal herb that has extensive application in the native medicinal system. In any therapeutic activity chemical constituents play an important role. Eclipta prostrata has been investigated in this study for its antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activity in vitro. The well-known research protocol available in the literature established qualitative analysis of the different phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenol and flavonoids. The hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves and seeds of Eclipta prostrata exhibited significant and dose-dependent antioxidant activity including ability to donate electron. To analyze the antimicrobial activity, Leaves hydroalcoholic extracts and Eclipta prostrate seeds were tested against two selected strains using a well-diffusion method and showing significant inhibitory action against all the strain tested. In addition, the dose-dependent α-amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of acarbose, leaves, and seed extract was found to be 364.89μg/ml and 438.43μg/ml, respectively, indicating that Eclipta prostrate is a promising source as an herbal medicine. Keywords: Eclipta prostrate, Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic Activity.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF ANDROGRAPHIS SERPYLLIFOLIA METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
MADHANKUMAR R ◽  
MURUGESAN S
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Objective: The present study is to evaluate the preliminary study of phytochemical screening and biological applications of Andrographis serpyllifolia methanol leaf extracts. Methods: The methanol leaf extracts of A. serpyllifolia was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus and the extract was analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. Further, the antibacterial activity of methanolic leaf extract of A. serpyllifolia was tested against various human pathogens by using agar disc diffusion method. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS results revealed phenols, aromatic carboxylic acids, and esters in the chloroform extract to be the molecules responsible for the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of A. serpyllifolia methanol extract and fractions showed the presence of various secondary metabolites present. Conclusion: The present study strongly recommended that the methanolic extract of A. serpyllifolia leaves possesses compounds that inhibit the growth of microbes as wells excellent antioxidant activities. The study further suggested the potential therapeutic use of these extract in cancer study.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 2-(4-(3 (Substituted Phenyl) Acryloyl) Phenoxy)-N, N Diphenylacetamides

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 274-292
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Mohammad Asif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Pharmacological Evaluation

Recently a series of Schiff bases of diphenylamine derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic both Gram-positive bacteria B. subtitles and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli using ciprofloxacin as standard drug at conc. of 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml. Literature review revels that chalcones possesses various biological activities like antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and sedative etc. Therefore the present study was designed on synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-(4-(3 (Substituted Phenyl) Acryloyl) Phenoxy)-N, N Diphenylacetamides. Target compound was synthesized by reaction of chloroacetylchloride with diphenylamine to afford 2-chloro-N, N-diphenylacetamide which further by reaction with substituted Chalcones and characterized following recrystallization and evaluated for anti-microbial potential through cup-diffusion method. In results, the target compounds were tested for activity against B. Subtilis, E.Coli and C. albicans. The chalcones having the lipophilic 4-chloro group (RKCT2) showed the greatest antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition 20 & 22 mm against. B. subtilis, E. Coli, C. Albicans respectively. It suggests further researchers to go through anti-microbial evaluations against a more varieties of bacteria and fungi. Keywords: Schiff bases of diphenylamine derivatives, antibacterial activity, Gram-positive bacteria, 2-(4-(3 (Substituted Phenyl) Acryloyl) Phenoxy)-N, N Diphenylacetamides

CHEMICAL PROFILING OF BUCHANANIA LANZAN SPRENG ESSENTIAL OIL AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
AJITH S ◽  
KRISHNA V ◽  
RAVI KUMAR S ◽  
VINAY KUMAR NM
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Diffusion Method

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil of Buchanania lanzan Spreng extracted from the seeds and to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial antioxidants and molecular docking studies of the major bioactive compounds of essential oil. Methods: The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of the B. lanzan seeds and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates by disk diffusion method and resazurin assay determined the minimum inhibitory concentration. The in vitro antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay; the essential oil major bioactive compounds are Androstan-3-ol, Campesterol, and γ-Sitosterol were docked against bacterial protein DNA gyrase. Results: GC-MS analysis exhibited the presence of 19 bioactive compounds. The essential oil showed that significant antibacterial activity was noticed against V. cholerae and S. typhi with the highest zone of inhibition 15.67–1.20 and 13.83–0.33, respectively. Antioxidant activity in DPPH and H2O2 scavenging assays with IC50 values of 134.23 and 191.24, respectively. The molecular docking of Androstan-3-ol and γ-Sitosterol with bacterial DNA gyrase unveiled a good binding affinity of −6.4 kcal/mol and −6.3 kcal/ mol, respectively. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the essential oils potential sources of antibacterial, antioxidant activities, and molecular docking of bioactive components. The results of this study provide partial scientific support for the traditional application of essential oils to cure diarrhea and also major bioactive compounds responsible for important biological activities.

scholarly journals In vitro antibacterial activity of several plant extracts against fish bacterial pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (Aquaculture) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Thi My Duyen Tran ◽  
Trong Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Thi Tuyet Hoa Tran
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Crude methanol extract of 9 Vietnamese plants were in vitro screened for their antibacterial activity against three common freshwater fish pathogens including Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella ictaluri, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Agar disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity, then solvent extract was performed for the extracts which exhibited the strongest and a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was conducted for effective plant extracts using broth dilution method. The results indicated that most of the plant extracts exhibited antibacterial propeties to at least one tested bacterium. Headache tree (Premna corymbosa), bushwillows (Combretum quadrangulare) and Celandine spider flower (Cleome chelidonii) showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The largest inhibitory zones of 35 mm and 21 mm were observed  for the extract of Premna corymbosa against E. ictaluri and S. agalactiae, respectively. E. ictaluri was found to be the most susceptible for all of the extracts while A. hydrophila was the most resistant. The MIC of effective plant extracts against tested bacteria ranged between 0.39 mg/mL and 3.125 mg/mL. The result can be considered for further investigation of the development of an alternative therapy against bacterial infection in aquaculture.

Antibacterial activity of the phenolic extract of wild virgin olive oil in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalida Bouarroudj-Hamici ◽  
Soraya Mettouchi ◽  
Lynda Medjkouh-Rezzak ◽  
Romain Larbat ◽  
Abderezak Tamendjari
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Agar Disc

Background: The olive tree (Olea europaea L.), the most widespread plant species in the Mediterranean basin, includes two forms: cultivated (var Europaea) and wild (var Sylvestris). Wild olive trees or oleasters cover large areas in Algeria. It has been shown that oil from oleaster has a higher content of phenolic compounds, which could have antimicrobial properties. Objective:: The objective of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of phenolic extracts from four Algerian oleaster oils and an extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) from Chemlal variety. Methods: Phenolic compounds were determined by UHPLC-MS. Antibacterial activity was tested against six referenced human enteropathogenic bacteria by the agar disc diffusion method by measuring the diameters of the zone of inhibition. Results: The results revealed a similarity between the phenolic composition of oleasters 1 and 3 and between oleaster 4 and EVOO; however, the phenolic composition of oleaster 2 that the poorer was markedly different with a higher content of free phenolic alcohols and lower in secoiridoids.

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANISOPUS MANNII AND LEPTADENIA HASTATA FOR ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL AGAINST BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM DIABETIC WOUND

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Sakina B. Sani ◽  
B. M. Usman ◽  
M. Hayatu ◽  
A. Y. Hardiyya ◽  
A. Bilkisu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Diabetic Wound ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Diabetic Wound Healing ◽  
Healing Property

Leptadenia hastata and Anisopus mannii – are perennial plants of family Asclepiadaceae. They are widely distributed in West Africa and are locally used as anti-diabetic agents in Northern Nigeria. This study was conducted to investigate the phytochemical constituent and antibacterial activity of the crude ethanol extract of the Leptadenia hastata and Anisopus mannii against some bacterial isolates from diabetic wound. The phytochemical screening was carried out using standard protocol and antibacterial activity was determined by agar well diffusion method followed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) on the plant extract that showed activity. Result of phytochemical screening reveals the present of tannins, phenols, flavonols, saponins, and alkaloids in all the plants extract except in Anisopus mannii where alkaloid is absent. Also, result from antibacterial activity of leptadenia hastata demonstrated inhibition zones ranging from 11.5±0.71 to 20.0±0.00 at various concentrations (8mg/ml and 4mg/ml) against the tested organisms (Citrobacter specie, E.coli, Proteus vulgaris.) with MIC and MBC values ranging from 2mg/ml-8mg/ml. Hence, the ethanol extract of Leptadenia hastata can be considered as new therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic wound infection. Further studies need to be carried out to investigate toxicological effect and diabetic wound healing property of the plant.

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