scholarly journals A Study of Factors Influencing Eye Screening: Descriptive Findings

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rif'atunnailah Mat Isa ◽  
Sanisah Saidi ◽  
Adzura Salam ◽  
Sumaiyah @ Thandar Soe Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Eye Screening ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are at increased risk for developing diabetic ocular complications. This study was carried out to determine factors influencing eye screening among Diabetes Mellitus patients. The descriptive findings of participants’ sociodemographic data will be discussed. Materials and method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the few selective Primary Health Centers and endocrine clinics, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA) in Kuantan, Pahang. A total number of 170 diabetic patients were recruited for the purpose of this study. Questionnaire for this survey was adapted and modified from Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP 2008) with the overall Cronbach Alpha score was 0.5. Descriptive statistics was referred to evaluate the data. Results: Participants’ mean age was 55.5 years old (SD ± 11.22), with age range between 20 years and 79 years old. From 170 participants, 51 male (30%) and 119 female (70%) were involved in this study. Majority of 139 participants (81.8%) were Malay. For educational level, 74 participants (43.5%) have the secondary education, only 12 participants (7.1%) have tertiary education and the rest of 43 participants (25.3%) have no formal education. The majority of participants (71.2%) have the monthly income less than RM 1000 and only 7 (4.1%) have monthly income of RM 4000 and above. Almost all patients (168 participants or 98.8%) have type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The majority of 65 patients (38.2%) were first diagnosed to have diabetes between 1 to 5 years duration, and only 10 patients (5.9%) diagnosed to have diabetes of 15 years and above. Most of the participants (109 or 64.1%) have a family history of DM. As for current treatment, the majority of them are taking oral medication 136 (80.0%). Conclusion: The main background characteristics of DM patients in current study were female, Malay, low household income and family trait with DM.

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic Characteristics of COVID-19 Vaccine Recipients in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ibrahim Al-Mustapha ◽  
Musa Imam Abubakar ◽  
Muftau Oyewo ◽  
Rita Enyam Esighetti ◽  
Oluwaseun Adeolu Ogundijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Health Related ◽  
High Level

Understanding key socio-demographic variables of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine recipients is crucial to improving its acceptance and Nigeria's COVID-19 control strategy. The survey was conducted as a non-probability cross-sectional survey of 2,936 COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Kwara State. Our findings revealed that 74% (n = 2,161) of the vaccine recipients were older than 40 years. Forty percent (n = 1,180) of the vaccine recipients earned a monthly income >100,000 Naira (equivalent to US $200). Most of the vaccine recipients (64%, n = 1,880) had tertiary education, while 15% (n = 440) of them had no formal education. Almost half of the recipients (47%, n = 1,262) were government employees and 28.8% (n = 846) of them had health-related backgrounds. Only 17% (n = 499) of the vaccine recipients have been screened for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), of which 21% (n = 105/499) of them were tested positive. Only 47% (n = 1,378) had been fully immunized. The prevalence of confirmed COVID-19 cases among COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Kwara State was 3.6% (n = 105/2,936). The most recurrent adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) among vaccine recipients were fever (14%, n = 411), pain at injection site (47%, n = 1,409), headache (19%, n = 558), and body weakness (9%, n = 264). The need to protect themselves from the deadly virus was the main reason that prompted people to voluntarily accept the COVID-19 vaccine. There is a high level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among respondents across all social classes including those with no formal education, those with very low monthly income (< US $2 per day), and in untested population. Hence, vaccine donors should prioritize equitable distribution to Low-and-Middle-income Countries (LMICs) such as Nigeria, and health authorities should improve vaccine advocacy to focus on vaccine safety and efficacy.

scholarly journals The Use and Potential Interactions of Herbal Medicines among Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 226-234
Author(s):  
Saleh Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: The use of herbal medicines as non-conventional treatment is popular, especially in developing countries where people suffering from chronic diseases as diabetes mellitus are more likely to use herbal medicines along with conventional medicines. However, their simultaneous use may concur serious drug interactions and may therefore result in a serious outcome. The present study was designed to identify the most commonly used herbal medicines and conventional anti-diabetic medications among Saudi population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was developed and piloted.Data were retrieved and manually entered in Excel 2016. Frequencies and percentages were utilized to perform descriptive analysis. The study was approved by the Scientific and Research Committee of the main hospital taking part in the study. Results: A total of 347 responses were recorded (69.4% response rate). 54% of participants were male, 53% were between the age of 41 and 64 years, and 35.5% had no formal education. Black tea, Peppermint, ginger, green tea, olive oil, and black seed were among the frequently mentioned herbal medicines. Black tea was used by the majority of patients (80%) while peppermint and ginger were used by more than half of patients, i.e., (56.5%) and (52.7%) respectively. Least common herb used by patients was Artemisia species (2.8%). A majority of patients (53.4%) used traditional medicine at least once daily, and 83% used traditional medicine without their physician's prescription. Conclusion: Concomitant use of herbal and conventional anti-diabetic medication was a common practice among patients in Saudi Arabia, therefore, pharmacists-led educational programs should target both prescribers and general public about the possible interactions/risks of herbal medicines.

scholarly journals Access to Anti-Diabetic Medicines among Patients Attending Tertiary Health Facilities in Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi ◽  
Babatunde Ayeni ◽  
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi ◽  
Oluwatomi Owopetu
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Close Relatives

Objective: The management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is long-term and can be expensive. This study aimed to describe access to anti-diabetic medicines among patients in tertiary health care facilities in Oyo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. The study sites were the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, and Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomosho. It was conducted among 366 diabetic patients who had been attending the endocrinology clinic of these two tertiary health institutions for at least one year. Data analysis was done with the Statistical Program for Social Sciences. Results: Female participants were 186 (50.8%) and 298 (85.6%) depended on close relatives to purchase their drugs. Those who had difficulties affording their anti-diabetic medications were 142 (38.8%) and 80 (56.3%) preferred buying a cheaper brand of anti-diabetic medication. Also, 136 (37.2%) respondents had missed their required drugs at some point due to insufficient funds. Males who were able to afford their anti-diabetic medication were 96 (53.3%) compared to 128 (68.8%) females (P-value= 0.002). Those with no formal education had the highest proportion of respondents who could not easily afford anti-diabetic drugs (60.9%), those with tertiary education had the highest proportion of respondents who could afford their medication (77.5%), (P-value=< 0.001). Among those in the 61-70 years age group, 78 (66.1%) achieved glycaemic control compared to 34 (42.5%) of those above 70 years (P-value=< 0.001). Conclusion: To improve affordability, subsidizing the cost of anti-diabetic medications and encouraging patients to enrol in the Health Insurance Scheme will be beneficial.

scholarly journals Extent of awareness regarding periodontal disease in diabetic patients among medical interns

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 017-021
Author(s):  
Roshni Jaiswal ◽  
Nina Shenoy ◽  
Biju Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Interns ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defective secretion or activity of insulin Prevalence of diabetes mellitus has tripled since 1970, hence it is a significant finding for dental professionals, as evidence from clinical research showing a strong relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is mounting. In fact, periodontitis is often referred to as the sixth complication of diabetes. Objective : To assess the extent of awareness of periodontal disease in diabetic patients, among medical interns. Methods: A cross sectional survey containing 21 questions was answered by 150 medical interns from Mangalore, Karntaka. Conclusion: The results of this survey indicate that medical interns have thorough knowledge about diabetes and its complications; however, their awareness about periodontal disease in diabetic patients is limited thus further emphasis should be given to the dissemination of knowledge about the inter-relationship of diabetes and periodontal health.

scholarly journals Sweet Taste Threshold among Medical Students with Family History of Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasya Aisah Latif ◽  
Yulia Sofiatin ◽  
Maya Kusumawati ◽  
Rully Marsis Amirullah Roesli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Family History ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Taste Threshold ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetic patients have low sensitivity towards sweet taste, thus consuming more sugar. A young adult with family history of diabetes mellitus (FHD) who lives with diabetic parents may have an increased risk of overconsumption of sugar due to a similar dietary pattern, leading to diabetes. This study aimed to explore the difference in the sweet taste threshold (STT) between students with and without a family history of diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in October –November 2018 on Class 2018 medical students living in a student dormitory who were divided into those with family history of diabetes (FHD) and those without it (non-FHD). Family history of diabetes and other known diseases were self-reported. The three-Ascending Forced Choice method was used to determine the sweet recognition threshold. Mann-Whitney analysis was used to compare the sweet taste thresholds between the two groups. Result: A total of 183 subjects participated in this study. The non-FHD group had a higher rank of sweet taste threshold than subjects in the FHD group (94.21 vs 81.16), albeit insignificant (p=0.192). Interestingly, the modes of best estimation threshold (BET) for non-FHD group was than the FHD group (0.067 M vs 0.043 M). Conclusion: The BET for students without family history of diabetes is higher than those with family history of diabetes. It is imperative that low sugar consumption campaign should also aim young people without FHD.

scholarly journals Shoulder pain and functional disability in type 1 diabetic patients: A cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nazim Farooq ◽  
Aqsa Mehmood ◽  
Fatima Amjad ◽  
Jaweria Syed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Objective: To assess the prevalence of shoulder pain and functional disability (SPFD) in Type-1 diabetic patients, and to explore its association with duration of the disease, age and gender. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on previously diagnosed patients with Type-1 diabetes mellitus between April 2019 and March 2020. Data was collected from six hospitals including three tertiary care hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Three hundred and twenty-eight patients were recruited through convenience sampling. Shoulder Pain and Disability Index was used to determine SPFD among participants. Point-biserial and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to find out the correlation between the variables. Independent t-test was used to determine the difference in the mean scores between the variables. Results: The prevalence of SPFD was found 85.7%. A significant correlation was found of the SPFD with age (r = 0.332, p < 0.001), duration of the diabetes mellitus (r = 0.154, p = 0.005) and gender (rpb = 0.171, p = 0.002). A significant difference was found in SPFD mean scores between female and male patients (female patients = 43.42±22.80, male patients = 35.31±22.91, p = 0.002). Conclusion: SPFD seems prevalent among Type-1 diabetic patients. Increasing age, long history of diabetes mellitus and female gender appear the associated risk factors for the shoulder pain and disability. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3401 How to cite this:Farooq MN, Mehmood A, Amjad F, Syed J. Shoulder pain and functional disability in type 1 diabetic patients: A cross-sectional survey. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3401 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Attitudinal Disposition and Management Perception among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Selected Hospitals in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Funmilola Oyelami ◽  
Chidinma Emma Ukoha ◽  
Oluwatomi Olunuga ◽  
Ademola Adelekan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
University College ◽  
Catholic Hospital

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an emerging metabolic disorder of the 21st century and has continued to attract the attention of health practitioners, as it continues to decrease the efficiency of its victims without any promise of change in the near or far future if more is not done to avert the progressing chronic condition. Aim: To determine the attitudinal disposition and management perception among diabetics Mellitus patients in selected hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria. Study Design: The study was a cross sectional survey design guided by a behavioral theory. Place and Duration of Study: using purposive sampling, the study was carried out among diabetic patient attending University College Hospital, Ring-Road State Hospital and Oluyoro Catholic Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State.  Materials and Methodology: A systematic random sampling was used to select 600 out of 2,115 diabetes patients receiving treatment at University College Hospital, Ring-Road State Hospital and Oluyoro Catholic Hospital. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection on respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, attitudinal disposition and management perception. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 63.9 ± 8.6 years, 75.3% were married and 62.7% were females. Majority (94.0%) of the respondents had a positive attitude towards compliance with management of DM. Majority (91.5%) were of the attitude that it is not necessary for people living with DM to do regular exercise as exercise will not make them to breakdown and 97.0% were of the attitude that diabetic patients cannot take any amount of alcohol beverages he/she wants. Respondents’ mean perception score was 21.8 ± 4.8 and 69.2% had a positive perception to management of DM. most (69.2%) of the respondents were of the perception that DM is a lifelong disease and can only be controlled but cannot be cured. Conclusion: Many of the respondents had appropriate perceptions needed to cope with the disease. However, the positive attitude sustenance demonstrated by the respondent should be promoted if compliance with the management of DM must be ensured.

scholarly journals Use of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a screening tool for vestibulopathy inType2 diabetes mellitus

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-579
Author(s):  
K. Sumathi ◽  
Gayathri Dilliraj ◽  
Sridevi Chaganti ◽  
Shenbaga Lalitha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction and Aim:Diabetes mellitus, especially type II DM is one among the most prevalent metabolic diseases in the global scale. One of the commonest complications of diabetes mellitus is vestibulopathy affecting the inner ear. Malondialdehyde (MDA) obtained from lipid peroxidation of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is an important compound that generally serves as one of the key markers for oxidative stress. The aim of the study is to prove the significance of MDA in Vestibulopathy in Type-2 i.e.,non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.   Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 100 diabetic patients of age group between 35 years and 50 years were tested for vestibular function by electronystagmography(Commonly used test to determine and evaluate vestibular system). Based on the biothermal caloric stimulation the Clausen butterfly chart was generated and thus the code is ascertained. Serum levels of Malon-di-aldehyde were assayed by TBARS method (Thiobarbituric acid Reactive substances).   Results: The study proved, that there was a 4 times increased risk of developing vestibulopathy with increasing duration of diabetes. It also proved that there was an increased risk of developing vestibulopathy in diabetic patients, having MDA > 2?mol/L.   Conclusion: Thereby the study confirmed the clinical significance of periodic screening of MDA levels, in diabetic patients, particularly those with uncontrolled/poor glycemic control & with longer duration of diabetes. Estimation of their serum MDAlevels and vestibular function by the electronystagmography test, is advised in order to prevent the occurrence of diabetic vestibulopathy at the earliest and also to prevent the worsening of any such, other complications associated with the disease.  

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Factors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in an Urban Primary Care Clinic

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
M. Miskan ◽  
K. Ambigga
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Primary Care Clinic ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Probable Depression

Aims: To determine the prevalence of depression among patients with Diabetes Mellitus and to identify its associated risk factors. Study design:  This is a cross sectional study. Place of study: This study was conducted in an urban primary care clinic in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Methodology: This study utilized a self-administered questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS-D) for the data collection. A total of 358 respondents were eligible to be included in this study. Results:  A total of 382 respondents were recruited in this study using universal sampling method. A total number of 358 eligible respondents were included in the final data analysis. The response rate for this study was 94%. Respondents’ mean age was 60.8 years ± 10.3, 56% females, 38% Malays, 76% were married, 37.7% had Diabetes for more than 5 years and 76.3% had completed secondary school education. This study concluded that 63.7% of participants had poor diabetes control and 26% had probable depression. On multiple logistic regression, respondents who earned income less than RM 500 per month were 2.6 times more likely to have probable depression (aOR: 2.64, 95% CI:1.29 -5.43). Patients who received no formal education were 4.5 times more likely to have probable depression (aOR: 4.51 95% CI:1.74-11.63). Respondents with co-morbid illness were almost 3 times more likely to have probable depression (aOR: 2.92, 95% CI: 0.1-0.8). Conclusion: Prevalence of probable depression was high and there was a significant association between depression with income, education level and co-morbid illness. Thus, there is a need to identify and manage depression accordingly among diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Factors influencing diarrheal prevalence among children under five years in Mathare Informal Settlement, Nairobi, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djounfoune A. Guillaume ◽  
Osero O.S. Justus ◽  
Kabiru W. Ephantus
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Factors Influencing

Globally, diarrhoea is the second major cause of death among children under five years. The aim of the study was to establish factors influencing diarrhoeal prevalence among children under five years in Mathare Informal Settlement. Cross-sectional survey was used. Data was collected from 1st July to 1st August 2019 among primary care- givers (PCGs) of children under five years in Mathare Informal Settlement, in Nairobi, Kenya. This urban informal settlement in Kenya was purposively sampled. Simple random sampling was used to select the households and the respondents. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. A total of 324 primary caregivers selected from 324 households were included in the study. Fifty six point seventeen percent of the respondents were aged 25-31 years old. Prevalence of diarrhoea among children was 18.7%. Sex, relationship of the primary caregivers, number of people and children in the households were found to be statisti- cally significant with diarrhoea prevalence with p=0.008, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001 respectively. One hundred and seventy one (52.78%) primary caregivers had no formal education. primary caregivers disposed of the child’s faeces in garbage in 38.89% of the cases. Education level of the primary caregivers, renting, presence of flies, fae- ces, and open garbage near or within the compound were found to be associated with diarrhoea prevalence with p<0.001, p=0.024, p<0.001, p<0.001 respectively. Several factors were found to be associated with diarrhoeal prevalence among children under five years.

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