Socio-Demographic Characteristics of COVID-19 Vaccine Recipients in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria

Understanding key socio-demographic variables of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine recipients is crucial to improving its acceptance and Nigeria's COVID-19 control strategy. The survey was conducted as a non-probability cross-sectional survey of 2,936 COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Kwara State. Our findings revealed that 74% (n = 2,161) of the vaccine recipients were older than 40 years. Forty percent (n = 1,180) of the vaccine recipients earned a monthly income >100,000 Naira (equivalent to US $200). Most of the vaccine recipients (64%, n = 1,880) had tertiary education, while 15% (n = 440) of them had no formal education. Almost half of the recipients (47%, n = 1,262) were government employees and 28.8% (n = 846) of them had health-related backgrounds. Only 17% (n = 499) of the vaccine recipients have been screened for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), of which 21% (n = 105/499) of them were tested positive. Only 47% (n = 1,378) had been fully immunized. The prevalence of confirmed COVID-19 cases among COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Kwara State was 3.6% (n = 105/2,936). The most recurrent adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) among vaccine recipients were fever (14%, n = 411), pain at injection site (47%, n = 1,409), headache (19%, n = 558), and body weakness (9%, n = 264). The need to protect themselves from the deadly virus was the main reason that prompted people to voluntarily accept the COVID-19 vaccine. There is a high level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among respondents across all social classes including those with no formal education, those with very low monthly income (< US $2 per day), and in untested population. Hence, vaccine donors should prioritize equitable distribution to Low-and-Middle-income Countries (LMICs) such as Nigeria, and health authorities should improve vaccine advocacy to focus on vaccine safety and efficacy.

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A Study of Factors Influencing Eye Screening: Descriptive Findings

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v16i1.1132 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rif'atunnailah Mat Isa ◽

Sanisah Saidi ◽

Adzura Salam ◽

Sumaiyah @ Thandar Soe Jamaluddin

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Formal Education ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Eye Screening ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction: Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are at increased risk for developing diabetic ocular complications. This study was carried out to determine factors influencing eye screening among Diabetes Mellitus patients. The descriptive findings of participants’ sociodemographic data will be discussed. Materials and method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the few selective Primary Health Centers and endocrine clinics, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA) in Kuantan, Pahang. A total number of 170 diabetic patients were recruited for the purpose of this study. Questionnaire for this survey was adapted and modified from Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP 2008) with the overall Cronbach Alpha score was 0.5. Descriptive statistics was referred to evaluate the data. Results: Participants’ mean age was 55.5 years old (SD ± 11.22), with age range between 20 years and 79 years old. From 170 participants, 51 male (30%) and 119 female (70%) were involved in this study. Majority of 139 participants (81.8%) were Malay. For educational level, 74 participants (43.5%) have the secondary education, only 12 participants (7.1%) have tertiary education and the rest of 43 participants (25.3%) have no formal education. The majority of participants (71.2%) have the monthly income less than RM 1000 and only 7 (4.1%) have monthly income of RM 4000 and above. Almost all patients (168 participants or 98.8%) have type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The majority of 65 patients (38.2%) were first diagnosed to have diabetes between 1 to 5 years duration, and only 10 patients (5.9%) diagnosed to have diabetes of 15 years and above. Most of the participants (109 or 64.1%) have a family history of DM. As for current treatment, the majority of them are taking oral medication 136 (80.0%). Conclusion: The main background characteristics of DM patients in current study were female, Malay, low household income and family trait with DM.

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Assessing Factors Associated with TB Awareness in Nepal: A National and Subnational Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5124

Author(s):

Yoko Iwaki ◽

Santosh Kumar Rauniyar ◽

Shuhei Nomura ◽

Michael C. Huang

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Factors ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Regional Level ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Information And Communication ◽

High Level

Tuberculosis (TB) has still remained a serious global health threat in low- and middle-income countries in recent years. As of 2021, Nepal is one of the high TB burden countries, with an increasing prevalence of cases. This study evaluates factors associated with TB awareness in Nepal. This study uses data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey carried out from June 2016 to January 2017. Multilevel logistic regression is performed to examine the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with TB awareness. Our findings show a high level of TB awareness in all seven provinces of Nepal. Province 5 has the highest level of awareness (98.1%) among all provinces, followed by provinces 3 and 4, while province 6 has the lowest awareness level (93.2%) compared to others. Socioeconomic factors such as wealth, education and owning a mobile phone are significantly associated with TB awareness. Socioeconomic determinants are influential factors associated with TB awareness in Nepal. The wide variation in the proportion of awareness at a regional level emphasizes the importance of formulating tailored strategies to increase TB awareness. For instance, the use of mobile phones could be an effective strategy to promote TB awareness at a regional level. This study provides valuable evidence to support further research on the contribution of information and communication technology (ICT) usage to improving TB awareness in Nepal.

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Food Hygiene Knowledge and Practices among Food Handlers in University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.2478/mjss-2018-0169 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 137-144

Author(s):

Amelia Ngozi Odo ◽

Samuel C. Onoh

Keyword(s):

Formal Education ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Food Hygiene ◽

Food Handlers ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Research Questions

Abstract The study determined food hygiene knowledge and practices among food handlers in University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus. Two specific objectives, two corresponding research questions, and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey research design. The population for the study was 165 food handlers. There was no sampling done. A researchers’- designed food hygiene knowledge and practices questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. Frequencies and percentages were used to answer the research questions while Chi-square (X2) statistic was used to test the hypotheses at .05 level of significance. Findings showed among others that all the respondents (100%) who have no formal education were knowledgeable about food hygiene; 90.8 per cent of those who have primary education, 92.3 per cent of those who have secondary education and 92.3 of those who have no tertiary education had good knowledge of food hygiene. There was no significant difference in the level of food hygiene knowledge possessed by food handlers based on level of education (P = >.05). There was no significant difference in the food hygiene practices of food handlers based on level of education (P = >.05). The study recommended among others, that managers of food business establishments should frequently supervise the hygienic condition under which food handlers working for them prepare food.

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Factors affecting workers’ delivery of good hygienic and sanitary operations in slaughterhouses in north-central Nigeria

Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.4314/sokjvs.v13i1.5 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 29-37

Author(s):

NB Alhaji ◽

M Baiwa

Keyword(s):

Formal Education ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North Central ◽

Poor Knowledge ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Preventive Practices ◽

Correct Definition

This survey assesses the levels of knowledge and preventive practices of workers on the hygienic and sanitary operations in slaughterhouses in Niger State, north-central Nigeria. A cross sectional survey was conducted on 385 workers aged 20 years and above between January 2013 and April 2013 using structured questionnaires and checklist to assess their knowledge and preventive practices about slaughterhouse operations. Majority (94.0%) of the respondents were males and most (69.6%) were married. Majority (34.3%) of the workers were in the age group 30–39 years. The mean age of the workers was 40.8±10.7 years. One in five (19.2%) were illiterates. Majority of the respondents 95.6% and 96.4% for meat hygiene and sanitation respectively did not have any previous training. About two-third of the workers (74.5%) had poor knowledge about good slaughterhouse operations and more than two third (86.2%) engage in poor preventive practices. The slaughterhouse workers in the age group 60-69 years were less likely [OR 0.1345; 95% CI 0.0397, 0.4553)] to have poor knowledge of the operations than those in the 20-29 age group. The workers with secondary and tertiary education were less likely [OR 0.3557; 95% CI (0.1706, 0.7418) and OR 0.1259; 95% CI (0.0556, 0.2851) respectively] to have poor knowledge than those without formal education. Workers who know correct definition of slaughterhouse hygiene were less likely [OR 0.3125; 95% CI (0.1862, 0.5244)] to demonstrate poor preventive practices, and those who are aware of the effects of improper operations on public and environmental health were more likely [OR 6.587; 95% CI (4.094, 10.6)] to demonstrate satisfactory preventive practices. This survey indicates the need to sensitize and organize trainings for slaughterhouse workers to improve their knowledge of standard slaughterhouse operations to produce wholesome meat and safeguard public and environmental health.Keywords: Abattoir workers, knowledge, operations, preventive practices, slaughterhouse, Nigeria

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A Survey On The Health of Vietnamese Individuals Living in Japan Under a Declared State of Emergency Due to COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36025/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tomoo Ito

Keyword(s):

Foreign Students ◽

Living Environment ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

State Of Emergency ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Health Related ◽

Policy Direction ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Abstract BackgroundWith the outbreak of COVID-19, Japan declared a state of emergency on April 7, 2020, and certain social measures were taken, including requests for store closures. In recent years, before the outbreak, Japan has been implementing policies to expand the acceptance of foreign students and technical interns from overseas, mainly from middle-income countries to meet the challenges of a declining birthrate, an aging society, and a declining population. Because of said policies, the number of Vietnamese nationalities living in Japan has surged to more than 400,000. However, some reports mentioned the hardships experienced by these individuals in Japanese society. It is not clear what their health-related situation and living conditions are actually like under the COVID-19 epidemic. MethodThe application Facebook, which is frequently used by Vietnamese people, was used to solicit research participants and obtain their responses on a structured questionnaire asking about their present health-related situations changes in the living environment in COVID-19 via Google Form.Result196 Vietnamese residents in Japan responded to the survey. The 25.4% of respondents have some kind of health problem, of which 14.2% have a mental problem and 5.6% have Symptoms of suspected COVID-19 infection were present. The 50% of these respondents chose a counseling center to deal with the symptoms of suspected COVID-19, which follows the Japanese policy direction. In fact, more than 80% of respondents said that they feel difficulty in visiting a medical institution in Japan, with problems being anxiously of medical cost and the language barrier given that most of the individuals are students and apprentices with short tenures in Japan. Furthermore, 65.8% is dissatisfied with Japanese measures against COVID-19. A total of 53.5% experienced income reduction and 27.0% experienced housing environment deterioration after COVID-19 epidemic. ConclusionIt is necessary to grasp the current situation of Vietnamese people living in Japan, since they are considered to be a vulnerable group in an emergency environment, and to take appropriate measures to aid in their predicament as soon as possible.

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Knowledge of Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors among Final Year Students in a Tertiary Institution

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.9734/jamps/2021/v23i630239 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

A. K. Ghazali ◽

F. A. Ayeni ◽

D. E. Effiong

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Later Life ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Tertiary Institution ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Health Related

Background and Objective: Chronic or non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly emerging as leading causes of morbidity and premature mortalities globally, with greater effect being felt in low and middle income nations. As poor health behaviours practised in youthful years have been implicated in developing NCDs in later years in life, It is important to understand the level of awareness of young people regarding NCDs in order to remedy any knowledge gaps and encourage healthy practices among them that will reduce the burden of these diseases in later life. This study seeks to describe the knowledge of two groups of final year students of a tertiary institution in Nigeria on the awareness and knowledge of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors. Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey at the University of Lagos, Nigeria during the 2017/2018 academic session. A sample size of 422 final year students were used with convenient stratification. Self administered questionnaires was distributed to the class of students who consented to participating in the study. The questionnaires were used to assess the level of awareness of the students of non communicable diseases and their risk factors. Data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: A result of 94.7% was obtained. The results show 89.5% versus 65% of students in health related discipline (college of medicine campus) and those in Akoka campus respectively had good knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors while 10.5% versus 35% had poor knowledge. Conclusion: Students in the campus of college of medicine had more knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors. Campus location of students had statistically significant relationship with awareness and knowledge on NCDs. (p, <0.05).

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Association of socio-demographic and obstetric factors with obstetric fistula patients’ perceptions towards life fulfillment in Kitovu Hospital, Uganda

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201423 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1220

Author(s):

Shallon Atuhaire ◽

Akin-Tunde A. Odukogbe ◽

John F. Mugisha ◽

Oladosu A. Ojengbede

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Obstetric Fistula ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Obstetric Factors

Background: To date, obstetric fistula is one of the major public health challenges among the poorest, young women and girls in rural communities in low and middle-income countries. There is scarce information on the association of socio-demographic and obstetric factors with the obstetric fistula patients’ perceptions towards life fulfillment which compelled this study.Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a semi-structured questionnaire was done among 390 obstetric fistula patients registered within the past two years to the time of data collection at Kitovu Hospital, Masaka, Uganda. Pearson’s Chi square correlation was used to determine the association of socio-demographic and obstetric factors with perceptions towards life fulfillment using SPSS 25.0.Results: A larger proportion of obstetric fistula patients 226 (57.9%) had negative perceptions while 164 (42.1%) had positive perceptions. Maternal age, repair status, outcome of repair, self-perceived level of incontinence, and number of living children were statistically associated with patients’ perceptions towards life fulfillment at a P-value less than 0.001, marital status, p value of 0.005, and overall duration lived with fistula, p value of 0.009. A greater number of patients with tertiary education, 5 (83.3%) had positive perception, however, the association was not significant with a p value of 0.059. Fistula type, region of residence, and number of repairs were not statistically significant.Conclusions: Thus, socio-demographic and obstetric factors influence patients’ perceptions towards life a great deal. Efforts should focus on fistula prevention and timely repair so as to minimize probable experiences likely to result in negative perception that would eventually impede life fulfillment.

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Malaria Prevention and Mothers: Sudan

Basic and Applied Sciences - Scientific Journal of King Faisal University ◽

10.37575/b/med/2384 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yousif Elmosaad ◽

Ahmed Al Rajeh ◽

Asif khan ◽

Elfatih Malik ◽

Ilias Mahmud

Keyword(s):

Formal Education ◽

Effective Means ◽

Malaria Prevention ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Bed Nets ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Positive Attitudes

This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in malaria prevention using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) among mothers of children under five years of age in White Nile State, Sudan. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select 761 mothers for this cross-sectional survey. There were gaps in the KAP in malaria prevention. Only 46.3% of the mothers stated personal protective measures (PPMs) as the best malaria prevention strategy; 54.9% considered ITNs as an effective means; and only 18.7% reported sleeping under an ITN every day. Older mothers were less likely to have good knowledge (OR=0.96), attitudes (OR=0.98) and practices (OR=0.98). Having a Government employee as the head of the household was positively associated with knowledge (OR=2.16) and attitudes (OR=1.96). The mother having a formal education was also positively associated with good knowledge (OR=1.55) and positive attitudes (OR=1.69). Mothers with a monthly household income of <491 Sudanese Pound were more likely to have good knowledge (OR=1.43). Mothers who had good knowledge (OR=4.99) and positive attitudes towards PPMs (OR=2.60) in malaria prevention were found to be more likely to practice preventive measures. Therefore, we recommend focusing on raising mothers’ awareness of the different preventive activities to protect them and their family from malaria.

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Health-related quality of life in Chinese population with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a national multicenter survey

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-021-01778-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rui Huang ◽

Jian-Gao Fan ◽

Jun-Ping Shi ◽

Yi-Min Mao ◽

Bing-Yuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Background Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) is a multi-dimensional construct that can comprehensively evaluate the patient’s health status, including physical, emotional, mental and social well-being. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on HRQL in a Chinese population. Methods In this national multicenter cross-sectional survey, patients with NAFLD were enrolled. Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ)-NAFLD was used to qualify HRQL. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify independent risk factors of HRQL. Results A total of 5181 patients with NAFLD from 90 centers were enrolled in this study (mean age, 43.8 ± 13.3 years; male, 65.8%). The overall CLDQ score was 5.66 ± 0.89. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI: HR, 1.642; 95% CI, 1.330–2.026), alanine transaminase (ALT: HR, 1.006; 95% CI, 1.001–1.011), triglyceride (HR, 1.184; 95% CI, 1.074–1.305), disease severity (HR, 3.203; 95% CI, 1.418–7.232) and cardiovascular disease (HR, 4.305; 95% CI, 2.074–8.939) were independent risk factors for overall CLDQ score. In the logistic analyses of individual domain, BMI and triglyceride were independent risk factors of all domains. ALT, disease severity, diabetes, depression and cardiovascular disease were influencing factors for the CLDQ score of several domains. Conclusions This national multicenter cross-sectional survey in China indicated that the HRQL in patients with NAFLD was impaired. HRQL was found to be significantly associated with sociodemographic and clinical factors. Attention should be paid to the optimally managing care of patients with NAFLD to improve their HRQL.

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