scholarly journals Sunni School of Thought in Southeast Asia: Muslim Intellectual Responses to New Ideological Trends (Fahaman Ahlussunnah wa al Jama’ah di Asia Tenggara: Pemahaman dan Tanggapan Golongan Cerdik Pandai Muslim terhadap Ideologi-Ideologi Baharu)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-288
Author(s):  
Zubaidi Wahyono ◽  
Alizaman D. Gamon
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Muslim Scholars

The study explores various definition of Ahl al-sunnah wa al-Jama’ah and its main principles as understood by Muslim scholars in Southeast Asia as well as the controversies that had taken place over the years. The study highlights the responses of Muslim scholars and religious authorities in resolving the controversies within the Muslim communities. The controversies started when the authority of the Sunni school of thought in ASEAN Muslim communities had been tested with the emergence of the rationalist Muslim group and Salafism as advocated by Wahabism. On the other hand, the influence of Shi'ism and other foreign ideologies such as pluralism and liberalism had augmented the complexity of the issue. The study employed qualitative research methodology studying both the literature and the people to ensure the validity of the source. Given the scarcity of literature written by Muslim scholars, this study relies on primary sources such as unpublished works, interviews, and fieldwork in addition to library research. Among the important findings of the study is that there are various interpretations of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al jamÉ‘ah due to various methods adopted in interpreting the theological stance of Islam. These differences somehow had caused the Muslims in the region and their scholars divided and disunited. The new ideologies and philosophies had contributed to the complexity of the issue and challenged the Muslim scholars to come up with an uninformed opinion to solve the problems.  It is therefore recommended in this study that a unified system of thought is crucial to attaining the socio-religious agenda of ASEAN Muslim communities. Keywords: Sunni, South East Asia, Muslim response, theological and ideological stance, controversies. Abstrak Kajian ini mencuba untuk menerokai polemik mengenai pemahaman dan penafsiran istilah Ahlu al Sunnah wa al Jama’ah serta ciri-cirinya seperti yang difahamai oleh para Ulamak di Asia Tenggara sejak mutaakhir ini. Kajian ini menyerlahkan tindak balas ulamak Islam dan pihak berkuasa agama dalam menjelaskan  kontroversi dalam masyarakat Islam mengenai  takrif Ahlu al Sunnah wa al Jamaah dan prinsip-prinsip utamanya seperti yang difahami oleh ulamak Nusantara dan percanggahan yang berlaku sejak kebelakangan ini. Percanggahan pemahaman Ahlu al Sunnah wa al Jamaah  bermula apabila  masyarakat Islam ASEAN mula diuji dengan kemunculan kumpulan Islam rasionalis dan Salafi seperti  fahaman  Wahabi. Tambahan lagi pengaruh Syi’ah dan ideologi asing lain seperti Pluralisme dan Liberalisme telah menambah kerumitan isu tersebut. Kajian ini melibatkan kedua-dua kaedah kajian perpustakaan dan pemerhatian bagi memastikan kesahihan sumber maklumat. Memandangkan kurangnya rujukan  yang ditulis oleh ulama Islam, kajian ini juga merujuk kepada sumber lain  seperti kertas kerja yang tidak diterbitkan, temubual, dan kerja lapangan di samping penyelidikan Perpustakaan. Antara temuan daripada kajian itu, didapati bahawa perbezaan penafsiran mengenai pengertian Ahl Al-Sunnah wa Al jama’ah adalah kerana perbezaan  sumber dan kaedah dalam memahami beberapa isu mengenai akidah Islam. Ini   telah menyebabkan umat Islam di rantau ini dan ulama  berbelah bagi  dan terpecah belah. Ideologi dan falsafah baru telah menyumbang kepada kerumitan isu tersebut dan mencabar ulama Islam untuk memberikan pandangan yang terpadu  untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut.  Oleh itu, adalah disyorkan menerusi kajian ini satu  kajian pemikiran terpadu oleh ulamak di Nusantara  adalah penting untuk mengelakkan kecelaruan dalam memahami isu-isu akidah Islam dalam mencapai agenda meningkatkan sosio-ekonomi masyarakat Islam ASEAN. Kata Kunci: Akidah, Ahulussunnah, Pemikiran Islam, Muslim Asean, Tindak balas.

scholarly journals Pengurusan Agihan Zakat Pendidikan: Kajian di Zakat Pulau Pinang (ZPP)

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-184
Author(s):  
Mohamad Muhaimin Mohamad Zaki ◽  
Azman Ab Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Education Fund ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Education Aid ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
To Receive

Zakat is a mechanism of worship to help those in need. In education sector, among the issues faced by the asnaf is that there are still many students who are belong to fakir and miskin group. At the same time, the number of those who are left out from receiving zakat assistance are still happening. In addition, the lack of effective asnaf data recording has becoming the problem in the distribution of aid. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study aims to identify the definition of asnaf who are eligible to receive zakat education aid as well as the form of aid offered by ZPP as zakat institution in distributing zakat education fund to asnaf each year. Furthermore, this study also discusses the steps taken by the ZPP in carrying out the obligation to distribute education’s zakat funds to the asnaf in a fair and transparent manner. The data was analyzed using a qualitative research methodology that collects data through library research and field research using unstructured interview methods. The finding shows that the distribution of zakat education aid was among the largest distributions in the ZPP. There are two forms of education zakat aid distributed by ZPP, which is distribution to institutions and individuals. In order to realize that aspiration, ZPP has made various transformation and diversification in the distribution of zakat education aid such as the use of website, the establishment of asnaf track squad and joint venture programs with other agencies, especially for fields which is required by Muslims such as engineering and accounting. The improvement on this distribution system is important to ensure the role of zakat in education is achieved in line with the objective of zakat ordainment to the Muslims. Abstrak Zakat merupakan satu mekanisma ibadah bagi membantu golongan yang memerlukan. Menerusi bidang pendidikan, antara isu yang dihadapi oleh golongan asnaf adalah masih ramai pelajar yang tergolong dalam kalangan fakir dan miskin. Pada masa yang sama jumlah mereka yang masih tercicir daripada menerima bantuan zakat juga tetap berlaku. Selain itu, perekodan data golongan asnaf yang kurang efisien juga menjadi antara masalah yang dihadapi dalam penyaluran bantuan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pendefinisian asnaf yang layak untuk menerima zakat pendidikan serta bentuk-betuk bantuan yang ditawarkan oleh Zakat Pulau Pinang (ZPP) selaku institusi zakat dalam mengagihkan dana zakat pendidikan kepada golongan asnaf setiap tahun. Kajian ini turut membincangkan langkah-langkah yang dilakukan oleh ZPP dalam menjalankan kewajipan mengagihkan dana zakat pendidikan kepada golongan asnaf secara adil dan telus. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi penyelidikan kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data melalui kajian kepustakaan dan kajian lapangan yang menggunakan kaedah temubual tidak berstruktur. Hasil kajian mendapati agihan zakat pendidikan merupakan antara agihan terbesar di ZPP. Terdapat dua bentuk agihan zakat pendidikan yang dilakukan oleh ZPP iaitu agihan kepada institusi dan individu. Bagi merealisasikan hasrat tersebut, ZPP telah melakukan pelbagai transformasi dan kepelbagaian dalam agihan zakat pendidikan antaranya seperti penggunaan laman sesawang, penubuhan skuad jejak asnaf dan program usahasama bersama agensi lain terutama bagi bidang yang diperlukan oleh umat Islam seperti kejuruteraan dan perakaunan. Penambahbaikan dalam sistem agihan ini adalah penting bagi memastikan peranan zakat pendidikan tercapai selari dengan objektif pensyariatan zakat kepada umat Islam.

scholarly journals Menjaga Keamanan Negara Menurut Perspektif Maqāsid Syariah Serta Hubungannya Dengan Matlamat Pembangunan Lestari [Sustainable Development Goals]: Kajian Di Malaysia (National Peace Preservation According to the Maqāsid Syariah Perspective and its Relations to the Sustainable Development Goals [Sustainable Development Studies]: A Study In Malaysia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Faezy Adenan ◽  
Asmak Ab Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
General Guidance

Peace is an invaluable asset to ensure the prosperity and harmony of a nation. With the existence of peace, the people in a nation can carry out their respective responsibilities and roles perfectly, which consequently further enhance the nation prosperity. There are numbers of Western orientalists suggested that Islam is a religion that advocates violence. While in actuality, Islam uphold the preservation of peace and security at the utmost importance. This calls for a comprehensive argument to properly present the adherence of Islam towards maintaining harmony and prosperity. Therefore, the objective of this study is to highlight the existence of peace preservation in the Islamic concept of Maqāsid Syariah and draw the similarity on the definition of peace in Maqāsid Syariah with UN Guidelines for Sustainable Development Goals (Sustainable Development Goals). The research adopted library research methodology to accentuate the concept of peace preservation in the five elements of Maqāsid Syariah by using textual and contextual analysis on available literature pertaining the subject matter. The results show that the peace preservation of the nation is an integral piece in the concept of Maqāsid Syariah. National peace preservation is the key to maintain the five elements of Maqāsid Syariah which are religion, intellect, self, heritage and wealth. In addition, Maqāsid Syariah delineates peace keeping at the highest priority in maslaḥah requirement.  Furthermore, Maqāsid Syariah demonstrates a compelling correlation in its definition of peace with the characteristic sustainable development goals (SDCs) outlined by the United Nations (UN). The importance of this study is to give a general guidance on preservation and maintenance of national peace according to the shariah objectives, which have a strong relationship among them.

Pan-Islamism in the Malay States and British Reaction (1912-1918)

Akademika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslah Akmal Azmi ◽  
Ashraf Ahmad Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
First World War ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
The First World War ◽  
To Come ◽  
First World

This article analyses the growing of Pan-Islamism in the Malay States during the First World War. Before the First World War broke out, the British government in the Malay States adopt diplomatic relations with various countries. This policy allows other countries to have economic and social relations with the Malay States. Turkey is one of the countries that have good relations with the British and hence are allowed to have diplomatic relations with the Malay States. Pan-Islamism began to become a problem when a group of young intellectuals in Turkey sparked the idea and movement of a universal Islamic union. As a result, Pan-Islamism has begun to spread across the Malay States. This movement influenced the Muslim community to support the Turkish government on the principle of universal unity of Muslims. Although the British realized that the growing support of Pan-Islamism are able to affect the loyalty of the people in the Malay States against the British but the British can not restrict the entry of Turkish missionaries or traders to come to the Malay States. This is because the British still have good relations with Turkey. As a result, Pan-Islamism continues to grow in the Malay States until the First World War broke out in 1914. As such, this article assesses the extent of the Pan-Islamism impact on the growing of Pan-Islamism in the Malay States during the First World War. This study uses qualitative research methods by examining primary sources such as the Straits Settlements Annual Report documents and the files of the British High Commissioner’s Office. The results prove that Pan-Islamism has been accepted by the people of the Malay States, but the support was brought under control by the British throughout the First World War.

K.H.MUHAMMAD SALEH THAHA Semangat Belajar, Kemandirian, dan Kepedulian

Al-Qalam ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamdar Arraiyyah
Keyword(s):  
Research Finding ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Data Description ◽  
Muslim Scholar ◽  
Observation Units ◽  
The People ◽  
Short Biography ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Muslim Scholars

<p>This paper is intended to describe a short biography of a Muslim scholar (ulama) named K.H. Muhammad Saleh Thaha (d. 1999). Description focuses on some aspects of his life, like the process that he went through to improve his knowledge, some religious and local values that he emphasized in his interaction with others, his roles in the endeavors of Indonesian nation to liberate the country and the people from colonialism, and his dedication as an ulama and a bureaucrat.</p><p>           Contemporary and next Muslim generations in this country are expected to know some principles of life and dedication of the figure. They might face special challenges, though they are expected to understand and follow the main objectives of struggles of former Muslim scholars. They should make sincere ulama as good models in their lives. </p>            Main data is collected through interview, documents, and observation. Units of data are compared one another to put into description. Data description is based on a research finding explaining that there were always teachers on Islam among Muslim communities and they usually took care for the condition of their community members

Populism in East Asia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Hellmann
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Discursive Institutionalism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strict Interpretation ◽  
The People ◽  
Moral Distinction ◽  
Definition Of

Based on a strict interpretation of the ideological definition of populism, this chapter argues that populist politicians are a rare breed in the electoral democracies of Northeast and Southeast Asia. In fact, multiparty politics have only thrown up three true cases of populism in the past: Joseph Estrada in the Philippines, Thaksin Shinawatra in Thailand, and Prabowo Subianto in Indonesia. Through the analytical framework of discursive institutionalism, the chapter explains the general absence of populist politicians by highlighting the distinctiveness of East Asia as an ideological setting. Specifically, the ideational context that is East Asia does not provide broader frameworks that would allow politicians to draw a moral distinction between “the people” and “the elite” in ways that are meaningful to voters.

scholarly journals Co-Constructing a Narrative of ‘Never Give Up’ in Preparing for a Mega-Tsunami: An Exemplar of ‘All-Of-Society Engagement’?

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Kitagawa
Keyword(s):  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Sendai Framework ◽  
The People ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Town ◽  
Kochi Prefecture ◽  
Technical Measures

This paper discusses the ‘all-of-society engagement’ concept promoted in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) 2015–2030, drawing on the case of Kuroshio Town, Kochi Prefecture in Japan. The framework does not offer a clear definition of ‘all-of-society engagement’. The paper suggests the case of Kuroshio Town could help us envisage what ‘all-of-society engagement’ might look like. The people in the town were shocked to receive the official revised prediction of a forthcoming mega earthquake and tsunami in March 2012, which suggested that the Nankai Trough Earthquake could reach the seismic intensity of seven, and the subsequent tsunami could be as high as 34.4 m in a certain part of Kuroshio Town. Pessimism spread, and an attitude of ‘giving up’ prevailed. Kuroshio Town Hall had to come up with a drastic measure to unite the whole town, which was to present a clear philosophy, rather than technical measures. The narrative of ‘never give up’ was thus constructed, which was gradually appreciated and shared by the residents of the town. The paper teases out this whole-town preparedness project with the use of the four priorities of actions in the Sendai Framework as an analytical tool. The analysis brings certain mechanisms deployed in the town to the fore, which enabled the co-construction of the narrative of ‘never give up’, contributing to motivating the residents to engage in preparedness activities.

scholarly journals MAKNA MUSLIM DAN KAFIR PERSPEKTIF FARID ESACK SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-114
Author(s):  
Dewi Robiah
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Initial Idea ◽  
Definition Of

The encounter matter of islam and another religion often occur the conflict and its cause of the narrow perspective of one side or with his own truth and blame each other so it lapsed in “Disbelief”. This assumption can lead to the understanding of extremism. That worldview and narrow perspective can threaten the harmony of the people and inter-religious harmony. This research uses library research method, in which the data used are library data which is related to Farid Esack's thoughts and figures' thoughts related to the meaning of Muslim pronunciation and infidels in the al-Qur’an, with the use of the text approach method, Critical Discourse Analysis Norman Fairclough. Pursuant to Esack, Islam is the total surrender of humanity to God, bearing all the consequences of that faith. Esack gives a broader definition of pagan, that pagan doctrinally means different beliefs; there are infidels socio-political; infidel in the sense of fighting justice. According to Esack, the initial idea of ​​disbelief seemed to be mixed with divinity. According to Esack, the initial idea of ​​disbelief seemed to be mixed with divinity. Even though the infidels also recognize the existence of God. So actually infidels are oppression as opponents or contradictions of faith embodied in compassion, peace, togetherness, and prosperity. Re-understanding of the meaning of Muslims and infidels by Esack, contributing to the struggle that is praxis, leaving behind the rigidity of understanding, exclusivity, religious exclusion and reluctance to fight together.

scholarly journals PROTECTION AVAILABLE FOR VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURING MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (MCO) FROM THE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Nazli Mahdzir ◽  
Aspalella A Rahman ◽  
Asmar Abdul Rahim ◽  
Che Thalbi Md Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Emergency Protection ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
To Come ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Protection Order

The problem of domestic violence (DV) in Malaysia has not yet been completely curbed. A significant increase in DV cases can be seen during the period of the Movement Control Order (MCO). This phenomenon is of great concern as the COVID19 pandemic is not over and the potential for MCO directives on areas with an increase in COVID19 cases is high. This paper aims to discuss the protection afforded to DV victims in Malaysia by the Domestic Violence Act 1994 (Act 521) (AKRT 1994). Using a descriptive approach and library research, the provisions of AKRT 1994 are critically analyzed. The findings of the study show that the amendments to AKRT 1994 in 2017 have improved the existing act. Among the main improvements are the expansion of the scope and definition of KRT as well as the introduction of the Emergency Protection Order (EPO). As a result, at present, not only victims of physical abuse, victims of emotional, psychological, and financial abuse are also eligible for protection under AKRT. In addition, victims can also seek immediate protection through EPO as it does not require the court’s permission which would normally be time-consuming. This 2017 amendment makes AKRT more proactive because it has taken into account the various problems faced by DV victims over the years. However, to make AKRT effective, victims need to have the courage to come forward to seek protection and justice.

THE IMAGERY FOUND IN THE CLIENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-162
Author(s):  
Umar Umar
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Internal Sensation

The aim of the reseach is to elaborate the use of  the imagery in the novel: The Client. Starting from the definition of Imagery, the imagery found in the novel, then to find out what John Grisham’s - as the writer of the novel - intention to use imagery in his novel. The objectives of analysis is to have some knowledge deeper about the use of imagery in The Client by John Grisham and how he takes the readers into Mark Sway’s traumatic experience and how he helps the readers understand Mark Sway’s position through imagery found. This study adopts library research (Library Research) which contains an in-depth collection of material on one or several subjects (Young, 1983; p. 188). This study covers the inclusion of primary sources as well as secondary sources. There are 5 types of imagery found in The Client. They are Visual Imagery, Auditory Imagery, Internal Sensation Imagery, Olfactory Imagery and Tactile Imagery.

scholarly journals Dearth of Spirituality in the Protagonists of the Select Novels of Upamanyu Chatterjee

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
P. Rajitha ◽  
G. Damodar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Definition Of Success ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Upamanyu Chatterjee

This study examines the spiritual and ethical fall of man in English, August: An Indian Story, The Last Burden, and Weight Loss of Upamanyu Chatterjee. It aims at the modern man’s shallow mindedness, his meagre understanding of life, vague expression of achievement and success. The protagonists of the novels, Agastya or August, Jamun and Bhola’s plight and turbulence as modern men in terms of lack of spirituality and morals and principles is the focus of the novels. They are the definition of success for the society or for the people around them in today’s rat race. They are the main focus of the novel. August’s weakness about addiction to life killing drugs, women and wavering about having a family and spiritual strength, Jamun’s commitment phobia and Bhola’s perversion are portrayed brilliantly by Chatterjee. Chatterjee’s heroes represent the Indian youth who are alienated from their own culture and roots. The psychological, cultural, political impact on the young generation and the dilemma of the people who were unable to come out of colonial rule mentally, are the major expressions of this novel. They are half Indian and half western, rootless and frustrated.

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