scholarly journals Co-Constructing a Narrative of ‘Never Give Up’ in Preparing for a Mega-Tsunami: An Exemplar of ‘All-Of-Society Engagement’?

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Kitagawa
Keyword(s):  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Sendai Framework ◽  
The People ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Town ◽  
Kochi Prefecture ◽  
Technical Measures

This paper discusses the ‘all-of-society engagement’ concept promoted in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) 2015–2030, drawing on the case of Kuroshio Town, Kochi Prefecture in Japan. The framework does not offer a clear definition of ‘all-of-society engagement’. The paper suggests the case of Kuroshio Town could help us envisage what ‘all-of-society engagement’ might look like. The people in the town were shocked to receive the official revised prediction of a forthcoming mega earthquake and tsunami in March 2012, which suggested that the Nankai Trough Earthquake could reach the seismic intensity of seven, and the subsequent tsunami could be as high as 34.4 m in a certain part of Kuroshio Town. Pessimism spread, and an attitude of ‘giving up’ prevailed. Kuroshio Town Hall had to come up with a drastic measure to unite the whole town, which was to present a clear philosophy, rather than technical measures. The narrative of ‘never give up’ was thus constructed, which was gradually appreciated and shared by the residents of the town. The paper teases out this whole-town preparedness project with the use of the four priorities of actions in the Sendai Framework as an analytical tool. The analysis brings certain mechanisms deployed in the town to the fore, which enabled the co-construction of the narrative of ‘never give up’, contributing to motivating the residents to engage in preparedness activities.

scholarly journals Law Enforcement Principle in Islamic Ruling on Zakat Distribution to Transexuals, Prostitutes and Gigolos

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim ◽  
Nurul Ilyana Mud Adnan ◽  
Hafizuddin Muhd Adnan ◽  
Nurul Izwah Muhd Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Needy

Surah al-Taubah Verse 60 mention that there are eight eligible persons to receive Zakat. They are the poor and the needy, amil (those employed to collect zakah), muallaf (those bringing hearts together for Islam), al-riqab (those in captives or slaves), al-gharimin (those in debt), fi sabilillah (those in the cause [way] of Allah) and ibn sabil (the [stranded] traveller). Al-riqab is the fifth from eight eligible persons to receive Zakat. Currently, the provision of zakat to the al-riqab (slave) is allocated into other asnaf as the slave is not existed in Malaysia. However, there are several states such as Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Terengganu and Melaka have broadened the definition of al-riqab to individuals who wish to come out of the shackles of ignorance and social problems. The individuals are transsexuals, prostitutes and gigolos. However, some of other states rejected the fatwa of these states. This article is aimed to identifying the nature of the transsexuals, prostitutes and gigolos who are included in the al-riqab group. It is also intended to analyze the principles in law enforcement of this group (transsexuals, prostitutes and gigolos) which is categorized as al-riqab. This research uses the document analysis method such as Tafsir books, fiqh of four Sects and journals. Data is analyzed through thematic content analysis. The result shows the transsexuals, prostitutes and gigolos qualified to be considered to receive zakat aid under al-riqab. However, it must be based on the criteria and conditions stipulated by the country. The fatwa is designed to ensure that they are able to get out of the crisis and continue to live in a better life. In addition, it is also intended to ensure the asnaf of zakat in the al-Quran testimonial remains relevant at all times. Therefore, the zakat management in Malaysia should undertake the provision of al-riqab systematically and well organized to avoid any conflicts with Islamic principles. This will be uphold the dignity of the zakat institutions and Islam as a religion of Rahmatan lil Alamin.

scholarly journals Sunni School of Thought in Southeast Asia: Muslim Intellectual Responses to New Ideological Trends (Fahaman Ahlussunnah wa al Jama’ah di Asia Tenggara: Pemahaman dan Tanggapan Golongan Cerdik Pandai Muslim terhadap Ideologi-Ideologi Baharu)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-288
Author(s):  
Zubaidi Wahyono ◽  
Alizaman D. Gamon
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Muslim Scholars

The study explores various definition of Ahl al-sunnah wa al-Jama’ah and its main principles as understood by Muslim scholars in Southeast Asia as well as the controversies that had taken place over the years. The study highlights the responses of Muslim scholars and religious authorities in resolving the controversies within the Muslim communities. The controversies started when the authority of the Sunni school of thought in ASEAN Muslim communities had been tested with the emergence of the rationalist Muslim group and Salafism as advocated by Wahabism. On the other hand, the influence of Shi'ism and other foreign ideologies such as pluralism and liberalism had augmented the complexity of the issue. The study employed qualitative research methodology studying both the literature and the people to ensure the validity of the source. Given the scarcity of literature written by Muslim scholars, this study relies on primary sources such as unpublished works, interviews, and fieldwork in addition to library research. Among the important findings of the study is that there are various interpretations of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al jamÉ‘ah due to various methods adopted in interpreting the theological stance of Islam. These differences somehow had caused the Muslims in the region and their scholars divided and disunited. The new ideologies and philosophies had contributed to the complexity of the issue and challenged the Muslim scholars to come up with an uninformed opinion to solve the problems.  It is therefore recommended in this study that a unified system of thought is crucial to attaining the socio-religious agenda of ASEAN Muslim communities. Keywords: Sunni, South East Asia, Muslim response, theological and ideological stance, controversies. Abstrak Kajian ini mencuba untuk menerokai polemik mengenai pemahaman dan penafsiran istilah Ahlu al Sunnah wa al Jama’ah serta ciri-cirinya seperti yang difahamai oleh para Ulamak di Asia Tenggara sejak mutaakhir ini. Kajian ini menyerlahkan tindak balas ulamak Islam dan pihak berkuasa agama dalam menjelaskan  kontroversi dalam masyarakat Islam mengenai  takrif Ahlu al Sunnah wa al Jamaah dan prinsip-prinsip utamanya seperti yang difahami oleh ulamak Nusantara dan percanggahan yang berlaku sejak kebelakangan ini. Percanggahan pemahaman Ahlu al Sunnah wa al Jamaah  bermula apabila  masyarakat Islam ASEAN mula diuji dengan kemunculan kumpulan Islam rasionalis dan Salafi seperti  fahaman  Wahabi. Tambahan lagi pengaruh Syi’ah dan ideologi asing lain seperti Pluralisme dan Liberalisme telah menambah kerumitan isu tersebut. Kajian ini melibatkan kedua-dua kaedah kajian perpustakaan dan pemerhatian bagi memastikan kesahihan sumber maklumat. Memandangkan kurangnya rujukan  yang ditulis oleh ulama Islam, kajian ini juga merujuk kepada sumber lain  seperti kertas kerja yang tidak diterbitkan, temubual, dan kerja lapangan di samping penyelidikan Perpustakaan. Antara temuan daripada kajian itu, didapati bahawa perbezaan penafsiran mengenai pengertian Ahl Al-Sunnah wa Al jama’ah adalah kerana perbezaan  sumber dan kaedah dalam memahami beberapa isu mengenai akidah Islam. Ini   telah menyebabkan umat Islam di rantau ini dan ulama  berbelah bagi  dan terpecah belah. Ideologi dan falsafah baru telah menyumbang kepada kerumitan isu tersebut dan mencabar ulama Islam untuk memberikan pandangan yang terpadu  untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut.  Oleh itu, adalah disyorkan menerusi kajian ini satu  kajian pemikiran terpadu oleh ulamak di Nusantara  adalah penting untuk mengelakkan kecelaruan dalam memahami isu-isu akidah Islam dalam mencapai agenda meningkatkan sosio-ekonomi masyarakat Islam ASEAN. Kata Kunci: Akidah, Ahulussunnah, Pemikiran Islam, Muslim Asean, Tindak balas.

scholarly journals Study of Medical Supply and Demand Balance for the Nankai Trough Earthquake

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s44-s44
Author(s):  
Yosuke Takada ◽  
Yasuhiro Otomo
Keyword(s):  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Philippine Sea Plate ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Inundation Area ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
High Care ◽  
Health Database ◽  
To Receive

Introduction:The Nankai Trough, marking the boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate, is forecasted to create a tragic earthquake and tsunami within 30 years.Aim:To clarify the gap between medical supplies and demand.Methods:Collected the data of the estimation of injured persons from each prefecture throughout Japan, and also the number of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and High Care Unit (HCU) beds in Japan from the Ministry of Health database. We re-calculated the number of severe cases based on official data. Moreover, we calculated the number of beds of hospitals with the capacity to receive severe patients.Results:The total number of disaster base hospitals is 723 hospitals with 6556 ICU beds, and 545 hospitals have 5,248 HCU beds throughout Japan. When the Nankai Trough earthquake occurs, 187 disaster base hospitals would be located in the area with seismic intensity 6-upper on the Japanese Seismic Intensity Scale of 0-7, and 79 disaster base hospitals would be located in the tsunami inundation area. The estimated total number of injured persons is 661,604 including 26,857 severe cases, 290,065 moderate cases, and 344,682 minor cases.Discussion:Even if all ICU and HCU beds are usable for severe patients, there will be 15,053 more beds needed. The Cabinet Office of Japan assumes that 60% of hospital beds would not be able to be used in an area of the seismic intensity of 6-upper. If 80% of beds are used in the non-disaster time, the number of beds which are usable at the time of a disaster will decrease more. The beds needed for severe patients would be significantly lacking when the Nankai Trough earthquake occurs. It will be necessary to start treatment of the severe patients who are “more likely to be saved more.”

scholarly journals Dearth of Spirituality in the Protagonists of the Select Novels of Upamanyu Chatterjee

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
P. Rajitha ◽  
G. Damodar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Definition Of Success ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Upamanyu Chatterjee

This study examines the spiritual and ethical fall of man in English, August: An Indian Story, The Last Burden, and Weight Loss of Upamanyu Chatterjee. It aims at the modern man’s shallow mindedness, his meagre understanding of life, vague expression of achievement and success. The protagonists of the novels, Agastya or August, Jamun and Bhola’s plight and turbulence as modern men in terms of lack of spirituality and morals and principles is the focus of the novels. They are the definition of success for the society or for the people around them in today’s rat race. They are the main focus of the novel. August’s weakness about addiction to life killing drugs, women and wavering about having a family and spiritual strength, Jamun’s commitment phobia and Bhola’s perversion are portrayed brilliantly by Chatterjee. Chatterjee’s heroes represent the Indian youth who are alienated from their own culture and roots. The psychological, cultural, political impact on the young generation and the dilemma of the people who were unable to come out of colonial rule mentally, are the major expressions of this novel. They are half Indian and half western, rootless and frustrated.

Suicidal Behavior in Black South Africans

Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourens Schlebusch ◽  
Naseema B.M. Vawda ◽  
Brenda A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
South African Society ◽  
South Africans ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Black South Africans ◽  
To Come

Summary: In the past suicidal behavior among Black South Africans has been largely underresearched. Earlier studies among the other main ethnic groups in the country showed suicidal behavior in those groups to be a serious problem. This article briefly reviews some of the more recent research on suicidal behavior in Black South Africans. The results indicate an apparent increase in suicidal behavior in this group. Several explanations are offered for the change in suicidal behavior in the reported clinical populations. This includes past difficulties for all South Africans to access health care facilities in the Apartheid (legal racial separation) era, and present difficulties of post-Apartheid transformation the South African society is undergoing, as the people struggle to come to terms with the deleterious effects of the former South African racial policies, related socio-cultural, socio-economic, and other pressures.

The Open Society and the Democracy to Come: Bergson, Deleuze and Guattari

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Baugh
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
The State ◽  
Open Society ◽  
Minor Literature ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
The People ◽  
To Come ◽  
Polar Opposite ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Gain Access

In Bergsonism, Deleuze refers to Bergson's concept of an ‘open society’, which would be a ‘society of creators’ who gain access to the ‘open creative totality’ through acting and creating. Deleuze and Guattari's political philosophy is oriented toward the goal of such an open society. This would be a democracy, but not in the sense of the rule of the actually existing people, but the rule of ‘the people to come,’ for in the actually existing situation, such a people is ‘lacking’. When the people becomes a society of creators, the result is a society open to the future, creativity and the new. Their openness and creative freedom is the polar opposite of the conformism and ‘herd mentality’ condemned by Deleuze and Nietzsche, a mentality which is the basis of all narrow nationalisms (of ethnicity, race, religion and creed). It is the freedom of creating and commanding, not the Kantian freedom to obey Reason and the State. This paper uses Bergson's The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, and Deleuze and Guattari's Kafka: For a Minor Literature, A Thousand Plateaus and What is Philosophy? to sketch Deleuze and Guattari's conception of the open society and of a democracy that remains ‘to come’.

Damages caused by Polish cavalry in Tyszowce starosty in 17th-18th century

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Adam Frykowski
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Financial Capacity ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Town ◽  
Crown Lands ◽  
Negative Phenomena

SUMMARYNon-city starosty of Tyszowce was located in the province of Belz and received the status of royal land in 1462. Its territory included the town of Tyszowce and villages: Mikulin, Perespa, Klatwy and Przewale. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the starosty suffered from a significant increase of various negative phenomena. The crown lands had bitterly tasted devastating fires, epidemics, contributions, requisitions, robberies and field devastations. All these disasters were caused mainly by war and military activities. Marches of soldiers and quartering of troops greatly contributed to the situation and were usually associated with the need of maintaining the soldiers. The requisitions of food, alcohol, cattle, horses and poultry were particularly burdensome for the people. The greatest economic devastation as regards the resources of the starosty and its people was caused by monetary contributions, usually several times higher than the financial capacity of the town and its inhabitants. This work focuses on damages to the starosty caused by the royal cavalry. According to the literature, it is clear that the behavior of the troops in Tyszowce Starosty was not different from the behavior of soldiers in other areas of Poland. It must be admitted that the reprehensible behavior of the army was influenced by many conditions, from the recruitment of people from backgrounds often involving conflict with law, as well as foreigners, to the accommodation system under which the soldiers were forced to supply themselves “on their own.”

Need of Human Rights as a Better Way of Life

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Tushar Kadian
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Labour Unions ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

Actually, basic needs postulates securing of the elementary conditions of existence to every human being. Despite of the practical and theoretical importance of the subject the greatest irony is non- availability of any universal preliminary definition of the concept of basic needs. Moreover, this becomes the reason for unpredictability of various political programmes aiming at providing basic needs to the people. The shift is necessary for development of this or any other conception. No labour reforms could be made in history till labours were treated as objects. Its only after they were started being treating as subjects, labour unions were allowed to represent themselves in strategy formulations that labour reforms could become a reality. The present research paper highlights the basic needs of Human Rights in life.

Encountering the difficulties of Entrepreneurship: Lesson from Ramayana

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Dr. Jyotirmaya Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Cause ◽  
Small Shop ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Holistic Vision

Scholars could not come to unanimity on definition of entrepreneurship but agreement exist that an entrepreneur should be a natural leader having thorough understanding of the business and visualize the changes and take calculated risk. Skills and abilities required for entrepreneurship are so great and numerous that it is difficult to find persons having entrepreneurship trailts. Most of the entrepreneurs either fail at early stages or unable to expand the business beyond a small shop. A successful entrepreneur in addition to being a visionary and possessing qualities like innovativeness, resilience, perseverance etc. should have the honest belief in self and unflinching faith in ‘Karma’ like ‘Rama of Ramayana’ so that he can face the challenges and pursue the goal with limited resources. Religious philosophy helps the people in developing traits useful in life. Holy books like the Ramayana not just deals with spirituality but management principles hidden in it help an individual to develop entrepreneurship skills and role effectiveness. Primarily, Ramayana is a story and pursuit of the Ramayana does not automatically get translated into entrepreneurship qualities as background was quite different than today’s business scenario. However, Rama, a role-model of Gyan-yog and Karm-yog, can be compared with an entrepreneur who started from scraps like entrepreneur but by linking of his goals with social values and following highest standard of ethics, he could make strategic alliances with Sugriva and Vibheeshana and created Ram and Company and inducted less skilled, less equipped but well dedicated Vanar in army and fought against Ravana (the greatest demon) having well equipped army, to make the earth free from devils and liberate Sita and save the dignity of women (social cause). Principles hidden in the Ramayana show holistic vision and, if followed, by an entrepreneur will help him to establish a successful business model.This article is a modest attempt of exploring attributes of Ram and principles/ methodology adopted by him in his fight against Ravana understood through interpretation of stanzas/ verses mentioned in Ramcharit Manas and correlate them with formation of strategy, goal orientation, strategic alliance, change management etc. ideally required by entrepreneurs to establish and grow his business in modern day competitive scenario.

Human Fallibility and Fallibilism about Knowledge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Knowledge Attributions ◽  
Knowledge Norm ◽  
Concessive Knowledge Attributions ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Threshold Problem

This chapter distinguishes between fallibilism and infallibilism by appeal to entailment: infallibilists hold that knowledge that p requires evidence which entails that p; fallibilists deny that. It outlines some of the recent motivations for infallibilism, including the infelicity of concessive knowledge attributions, the threshold problem, closure, and the knowledge norm of practical reasoning. Further, we see how contemporary infallibilists attempt to avoid scepticism by appeal either to a generous conception of evidence or a shifty view of knowledge, such as contextualism. The chapter explains the book’s focus on non-shifty versions of infallibilism which defend a generous conception of evidence. It ends by defending the entailment definition of infallibilism over other potential definitions, and outlining the chapters to come.

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