scholarly journals Dearth of Spirituality in the Protagonists of the Select Novels of Upamanyu Chatterjee

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
P. Rajitha ◽  
G. Damodar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Definition Of Success ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Upamanyu Chatterjee

This study examines the spiritual and ethical fall of man in English, August: An Indian Story, The Last Burden, and Weight Loss of Upamanyu Chatterjee. It aims at the modern man’s shallow mindedness, his meagre understanding of life, vague expression of achievement and success. The protagonists of the novels, Agastya or August, Jamun and Bhola’s plight and turbulence as modern men in terms of lack of spirituality and morals and principles is the focus of the novels. They are the definition of success for the society or for the people around them in today’s rat race. They are the main focus of the novel. August’s weakness about addiction to life killing drugs, women and wavering about having a family and spiritual strength, Jamun’s commitment phobia and Bhola’s perversion are portrayed brilliantly by Chatterjee. Chatterjee’s heroes represent the Indian youth who are alienated from their own culture and roots. The psychological, cultural, political impact on the young generation and the dilemma of the people who were unable to come out of colonial rule mentally, are the major expressions of this novel. They are half Indian and half western, rootless and frustrated.

scholarly journals Reconstructing the Past as a Means of Rationalizing the Present: A Study of Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of The Day (1989)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Mohamed Fathi Helaly Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Past Life ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
To Come ◽  
Different Levels

The postwar world period was riddled with rapid changes at the different levels. Many people felt they were not able to come to terms with such ongoing changes and had to find a way to coexist with the status-quo. Postmodernism looks upon man as a social being that should learn how to adapt himself to whatever situation by whatever means available. Ishiguro’s novels are written in an expanded humanistic tradition. They are stories dealing with human relationship. They are narratives centering on the working of consciousness and the unconsciousness of the human mind. Ishiguro is concerned with reworking of the past from a late twentieth century perspective. The purpose of this study is to trace the postmodern aspects in The Remains of The Day through the life and character of Stevens and his relationships with the people that he has lived with. Stevens struggles to come to term with his present through telling stories and anecdotes of his past life. The novel depicts the role that memories can play in reconstructing the past events so that the present can be meaningful in some way from a postmodern standpoint. As a postwar British individual, the protagonist of the novel tries to practice suppression over his emotions at the personal level as well as the professional level to construct a new identity. Stevens appears torn between memories of the past and the representation of the present. He is suffering from an identity crisis and striving to create a meaningful present for himself. As a postmodern man, Stevens has to struggle at different levels. He is leading a life riddled with inconsistencies and contradictions. He can’t feel at home with the surrounding world as he is always busy trying to achieve some perfection that is not attainable in a world riddled with conflicts and struggle.

scholarly journals Marxist Analysis of Mohammed Hanif's Our Lady of Alice Bhatti

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Nazakat ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Adil Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
The People ◽  
Marxist Analysis ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Gender

In the novel "Our Lady of Alice Bhatti", the novelist depicts the worse and pitiable plight of the lower classes living on the edges of marginality. The story is narrated through the perspective of a young Christian nurse and her 'choorah' family. Her oppression may well be interpreted as an instance of a class struggle between the capitalist and the proletariat. The study contends that religious and gender discrimination is, in some ways, the by-product of an uneven economic system and hegemonic capitalistic power structures. Basic tenets of Marxist theory are employed as a theoretical framework to conduct the research in a systematic way. The study reveals that the ideologies of creed, caste and colour are very often used as capitalistic tools to divide human beings, especially the lower classes. It suggests that there is a dire need for educating the people on how to come together simply for what they actually are.

scholarly journals Sunni School of Thought in Southeast Asia: Muslim Intellectual Responses to New Ideological Trends (Fahaman Ahlussunnah wa al Jama’ah di Asia Tenggara: Pemahaman dan Tanggapan Golongan Cerdik Pandai Muslim terhadap Ideologi-Ideologi Baharu)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-288
Author(s):  
Zubaidi Wahyono ◽  
Alizaman D. Gamon
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Muslim Scholars

The study explores various definition of Ahl al-sunnah wa al-Jama’ah and its main principles as understood by Muslim scholars in Southeast Asia as well as the controversies that had taken place over the years. The study highlights the responses of Muslim scholars and religious authorities in resolving the controversies within the Muslim communities. The controversies started when the authority of the Sunni school of thought in ASEAN Muslim communities had been tested with the emergence of the rationalist Muslim group and Salafism as advocated by Wahabism. On the other hand, the influence of Shi'ism and other foreign ideologies such as pluralism and liberalism had augmented the complexity of the issue. The study employed qualitative research methodology studying both the literature and the people to ensure the validity of the source. Given the scarcity of literature written by Muslim scholars, this study relies on primary sources such as unpublished works, interviews, and fieldwork in addition to library research. Among the important findings of the study is that there are various interpretations of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al jamÉ‘ah due to various methods adopted in interpreting the theological stance of Islam. These differences somehow had caused the Muslims in the region and their scholars divided and disunited. The new ideologies and philosophies had contributed to the complexity of the issue and challenged the Muslim scholars to come up with an uninformed opinion to solve the problems.  It is therefore recommended in this study that a unified system of thought is crucial to attaining the socio-religious agenda of ASEAN Muslim communities. Keywords: Sunni, South East Asia, Muslim response, theological and ideological stance, controversies. Abstrak Kajian ini mencuba untuk menerokai polemik mengenai pemahaman dan penafsiran istilah Ahlu al Sunnah wa al Jama’ah serta ciri-cirinya seperti yang difahamai oleh para Ulamak di Asia Tenggara sejak mutaakhir ini. Kajian ini menyerlahkan tindak balas ulamak Islam dan pihak berkuasa agama dalam menjelaskan  kontroversi dalam masyarakat Islam mengenai  takrif Ahlu al Sunnah wa al Jamaah dan prinsip-prinsip utamanya seperti yang difahami oleh ulamak Nusantara dan percanggahan yang berlaku sejak kebelakangan ini. Percanggahan pemahaman Ahlu al Sunnah wa al Jamaah  bermula apabila  masyarakat Islam ASEAN mula diuji dengan kemunculan kumpulan Islam rasionalis dan Salafi seperti  fahaman  Wahabi. Tambahan lagi pengaruh Syi’ah dan ideologi asing lain seperti Pluralisme dan Liberalisme telah menambah kerumitan isu tersebut. Kajian ini melibatkan kedua-dua kaedah kajian perpustakaan dan pemerhatian bagi memastikan kesahihan sumber maklumat. Memandangkan kurangnya rujukan  yang ditulis oleh ulama Islam, kajian ini juga merujuk kepada sumber lain  seperti kertas kerja yang tidak diterbitkan, temubual, dan kerja lapangan di samping penyelidikan Perpustakaan. Antara temuan daripada kajian itu, didapati bahawa perbezaan penafsiran mengenai pengertian Ahl Al-Sunnah wa Al jama’ah adalah kerana perbezaan  sumber dan kaedah dalam memahami beberapa isu mengenai akidah Islam. Ini   telah menyebabkan umat Islam di rantau ini dan ulama  berbelah bagi  dan terpecah belah. Ideologi dan falsafah baru telah menyumbang kepada kerumitan isu tersebut dan mencabar ulama Islam untuk memberikan pandangan yang terpadu  untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut.  Oleh itu, adalah disyorkan menerusi kajian ini satu  kajian pemikiran terpadu oleh ulamak di Nusantara  adalah penting untuk mengelakkan kecelaruan dalam memahami isu-isu akidah Islam dalam mencapai agenda meningkatkan sosio-ekonomi masyarakat Islam ASEAN. Kata Kunci: Akidah, Ahulussunnah, Pemikiran Islam, Muslim Asean, Tindak balas.

scholarly journals Genre Originality of Novel by M. Vargas Llosa “Green House”

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-220
Author(s):  
O. K. Voicou ◽  
A. P. Zhukov ◽  
B. V. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Mario Vargas Llosa ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Latin American Studies ◽  
Green House ◽  
Key Features ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of

The genre nature of the novel “Green House” by the Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa is analyzed in the article. Special attention is paid to three approaches to the definition of the genre: “Green House” as a total novel, as a chivalric novel and as an Indianist novel. Definitions of each genre under consideration are given. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the prevailing approaches to defining the genre of the “Green House” in contemporary Latin American studies is analyzed in the paper. In the course of the work seven stable characteristics of the total novel are distinguished: a radically realistic author’s intention, a clear structural organization of the text, compositional and semantic unity, the consciousness of the infinity of language, the comprehensiveness of the novel, nonlinearity of narration, and the use of dialogue as a structure-forming device. The question of the presence in the novel “Green House” of signs of a chivalric romance is considered. The results of a comparative analysis of the “Green House” and the Catalan novel “Tyrant White” are presented. A comparison of the structure of the “Green House” and the generalized structure of the Indianist novel is given, the key features of this genre are analyzed. It is concluded that in the case of the “Green House” it is impossible to come to genre definiteness. The authors dwell on the fact that “Green House” is a work of fiction that combines elements of different genres, without any other restrictions in interpretations, except for those directly rejected by the text.

scholarly journals Co-Constructing a Narrative of ‘Never Give Up’ in Preparing for a Mega-Tsunami: An Exemplar of ‘All-Of-Society Engagement’?

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Kitagawa
Keyword(s):  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Sendai Framework ◽  
The People ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Town ◽  
Kochi Prefecture ◽  
Technical Measures

This paper discusses the ‘all-of-society engagement’ concept promoted in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) 2015–2030, drawing on the case of Kuroshio Town, Kochi Prefecture in Japan. The framework does not offer a clear definition of ‘all-of-society engagement’. The paper suggests the case of Kuroshio Town could help us envisage what ‘all-of-society engagement’ might look like. The people in the town were shocked to receive the official revised prediction of a forthcoming mega earthquake and tsunami in March 2012, which suggested that the Nankai Trough Earthquake could reach the seismic intensity of seven, and the subsequent tsunami could be as high as 34.4 m in a certain part of Kuroshio Town. Pessimism spread, and an attitude of ‘giving up’ prevailed. Kuroshio Town Hall had to come up with a drastic measure to unite the whole town, which was to present a clear philosophy, rather than technical measures. The narrative of ‘never give up’ was thus constructed, which was gradually appreciated and shared by the residents of the town. The paper teases out this whole-town preparedness project with the use of the four priorities of actions in the Sendai Framework as an analytical tool. The analysis brings certain mechanisms deployed in the town to the fore, which enabled the co-construction of the narrative of ‘never give up’, contributing to motivating the residents to engage in preparedness activities.

scholarly journals Social Realism in Vannanilavan’s ‘Kamba Nathi’

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Mohamed Azrin S
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
Job Placement ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
The People

The novel of Vannanilavan portrays the lifestyles and habits of the people living in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. In the novel Kampa Nathi, the author expresses the superstitions, relationship problems and birth imbalances of the rural people by the characters of the novel. He also describes the practices which are found in Tamil Nadu such as religion based job placement, collection of Dowry and Bribe, the reality of some corps and the thoughts of elders about young generation through several novel characters. Thus, this article seeks to uncover the reality found in the Tamil society by taking the lines and thoughts from Kamba Nathi novel.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEMS OF ANTHEISM IN M. STELMAKH’S NOVEL «BREAD AND SALT»

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Sanivskyi
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The People ◽  
Native Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mother Earth ◽  
Living Being

The article considers the content of the concept of «antheism» and based on the analysis of the text of the novel «Bread and Salt» by Mykhailo Stelmakh singles out its components, rooted in the minds of Ukrainians: the sacredness of the land; rootedness of Ukrainians in their native land; cost of the land; land as a living being; love for work on the land, and, at the same time, cruelty of the land and difficulty of work. In the article we start from the definition of the content of the concept of «antheism» by O. Shevel as an important feature of the mentality of Ukrainian philosophical worldview, based on the deep emotionality of Ukrainians, attitude to native nature, reflected in the material and spiritual culture of Ukraine. It was found that the selected components of the concept of «antheism» are embodied in the work as follows: the sacredness of the earth ( nursing earth, Mother Earth, Earth as a gift or God’s creation, a combination of the most important categories of being Home – Field – Temple and Faith – Hope – Love); rootedness of Ukrainians in their home ground (the land became part of people; people can give birth to bread); the value of land (in the work land is the highest value, it is more expensive than human life); earth as a living being (earth-woman, earth’s breast as mother’s breast, soothing human pain); love for work on the land (they taught to work on the land from an early age, work on it is the center of the child’s dream), and at the same time cruelty of the land and hard work (hard work that exhausted the farmer, destroyed his health, drained strength, and sometimes even killed). For Ukrainians, earth is manifested in all spheres of their lives from sacred to household. It includes a number of attributive elements: the cult of the earth, the magic of the word, the magic of the subject – everything that makes up the worldview of Ukrainians, the system of their values, everything that is embodied in the folklore and traditional culture of the people.

Suicidal Behavior in Black South Africans

Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourens Schlebusch ◽  
Naseema B.M. Vawda ◽  
Brenda A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
South African Society ◽  
South Africans ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Black South Africans ◽  
To Come

Summary: In the past suicidal behavior among Black South Africans has been largely underresearched. Earlier studies among the other main ethnic groups in the country showed suicidal behavior in those groups to be a serious problem. This article briefly reviews some of the more recent research on suicidal behavior in Black South Africans. The results indicate an apparent increase in suicidal behavior in this group. Several explanations are offered for the change in suicidal behavior in the reported clinical populations. This includes past difficulties for all South Africans to access health care facilities in the Apartheid (legal racial separation) era, and present difficulties of post-Apartheid transformation the South African society is undergoing, as the people struggle to come to terms with the deleterious effects of the former South African racial policies, related socio-cultural, socio-economic, and other pressures.

Analytical Study of Violence Theme in Victoria Schwab’s This Savage Song

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Right

This research article focuses on the theme of violence and its representation by the characters of the novel “This Savage Song” by Victoria Schwab. How violence is transmitted through genes to next generations and to what extent socio- psycho factors are involved in it, has also been discussed. Similarly, in what manner violent events and deeds by the parents affect the psychology of children and how it inculcates aggressive behaviour in their minds has been studied. What role is played by the parents in grooming the personality of children and ultimately their decisions to choose the right or wrong way has been argued. In the light of the theory of Judith Harris, this research paper highlights all the phenomena involved: How the social hierarchy controls the behaviour. In addition, the aggressive approach of the people in their lives has been analyzed in the light of the study of second theorist Thomas W Blume. As the novel is a unique representation of supernatural characters, the monsters, which are the products of some cruel deeds, this research paper brings out different dimensions of human sufferings with respect to these supernatural beings. Moreover, the researcher also discusses that, in what manner the curse of violence creates an inevitable vicious cycle of cruel monsters that makes the life of the characters turbulent and miserable.

The Open Society and the Democracy to Come: Bergson, Deleuze and Guattari

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Baugh
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
The State ◽  
Open Society ◽  
Minor Literature ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
The People ◽  
To Come ◽  
Polar Opposite ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Gain Access

In Bergsonism, Deleuze refers to Bergson's concept of an ‘open society’, which would be a ‘society of creators’ who gain access to the ‘open creative totality’ through acting and creating. Deleuze and Guattari's political philosophy is oriented toward the goal of such an open society. This would be a democracy, but not in the sense of the rule of the actually existing people, but the rule of ‘the people to come,’ for in the actually existing situation, such a people is ‘lacking’. When the people becomes a society of creators, the result is a society open to the future, creativity and the new. Their openness and creative freedom is the polar opposite of the conformism and ‘herd mentality’ condemned by Deleuze and Nietzsche, a mentality which is the basis of all narrow nationalisms (of ethnicity, race, religion and creed). It is the freedom of creating and commanding, not the Kantian freedom to obey Reason and the State. This paper uses Bergson's The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, and Deleuze and Guattari's Kafka: For a Minor Literature, A Thousand Plateaus and What is Philosophy? to sketch Deleuze and Guattari's conception of the open society and of a democracy that remains ‘to come’.

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