BACTERIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY-RESISTANCE LEVELS OF CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS PATHOGENS’, DEPENDING ON EXPRESSION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLASMID-MEDIATED RESISTANCE GENES

The aim of the study is to determine the bacterial susceptibility-resistance levels of uropathogens depending on expression of different types of plasmid-mediated resistance genes. Methods. A cross-sectional study of105 patients with chronic pyelonephritis was carried. Screening for the presence of plasmid-mediated genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar-containing plates. The size of zone around each antimicrobial disk was interpreted as sensitive, intermediate or resistant. Results. We demonstrated in vitro significant relationship of the resistance to aminopenicillins, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones with an appearance of plasmid-mediated extended spectrum p-lactamases (ESBLs) types blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV and fluoroquinolones resistant genes (PMQR), including QnrA, AAC (6') - Ib-cr, QepA) in bacterial uropathogens. We also demonstrated in vitro significant relationship of the resistance to aminoglycosides with an appearance of plasmid-mediated genes blaCTX-M, QnrA and QepA. Conclusion. Were established in vitro significant relationships of the resistance to antimicrobials with an appearance of plasmid-mediated resistance genes in uropathogens. Were determined the most effective antibiotics against ESBL and PMQR producers. We have established the algorithm of diagnostic of plasmid-mediated resistance genes in uropathogens, isolated from patients with chronic pyelonephritis.

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Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Uropathogens Isolated from Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Pyelonephritis

The Open Urology & Nephrology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874303x01508010071 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 71-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olga I Chub ◽

Aleksandr V Bilchenko ◽

Igor Khalin

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Tract Infections

Background : Increased multidrug resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) compromises the efficacy of treatment of urinary tract infections. Objective : The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing uropathogens from hospitalized patients with chronic pyelonephritis and to identify the presence of genes involved in the resistance. Methods : A cross-sectional study of 105 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, treated in Kharkiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital, Ukraine was carried. Bacterial isolates were collected, antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and screening for the presence of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M ESBL genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results : 84 (80%) patients had positive urine cultures. Eschеrichia coli wаs the most common microorganism isolated. Among them, 29 (25.2%) were found to be ESBL producers. Out of 53 E. coli isolates, 10 (18.9%), 4 (7.5%) and 6 (11.3%) were identified to carry bla(TEM), bla(SHV) and bla(CTX-M) beta-lactamase genes, respectively. The highest resistance was observed against ampicillin (75.9%), ciprofloxacin (48.3%), levofloxacin (41.4%) and gentamicin (41.4%). Beside this, only meropenem (96.6% susceptibility), nitroxolinum (86.2%) and fosfomycin (72.4%) exhibited a good enough activity against ESBLs-producing urinary strains. Conclusion : Isоlation and detеction of ESBL-prоducing strаins are еssential fоr the sеlection оf the mоst effеctive antibiоtic for the empiric trеatment.

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Urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility among the patients attending B & D hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v7i5.14908 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yadav Prasad Joshi ◽

Shreejeet Shrestha ◽

Russell Kabir ◽

Anita Thapa ◽

Parbati Upreti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tract Infections

Background:Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infections in humans and serious health problem in many parts of the world. It has become more complicated in treatment due to different pathogens and increasing resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens among the patients attending in B & B hospital Nepal.Materials and Methods:A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in between April 2010 to March 2011. Urine samples were collected from clinically suspected patients and tested bacteriologically using standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for isolated pathogen using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results:Out of 1260 examined specimens 25.24 % were positive and majority 61.64% were females. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (66.67%), Enterococcus (7.55%) and Staphylococcus (6.60 %). The drug resistant among the positive cases were reported. The highest resistant of positive cases was found with Cefexime (87.88%) and Enterococcus with Ampicillin (66.67%) and Staphyllococcus with Cloxacillin (66.67%). The highest susceptibility was for Vancomycin and Ampicillin i.e. 33.33% in each.Conclusion:The findings showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant pathogen and the presence of bacterial isolates with very high resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs. As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving process and serious issue. Therefore, routine surveillance and monitoring studies should be conducted to provide physicians knowledge on the updated and most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 47-51

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HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DENGAN PENURUNAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 6-23 BULAN DI DESA SOSOR LONTUNG, KECAMATAN SIEMPAT NEMPU, KABUPATEN DAIRI TAHUN 2019

COLOSTRUM : Jurnal Kebidanan ◽

10.36911/colostrum.v1i1.603 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Evanata Lina Sinaga ◽

Rismahara Lubis ◽

Yusniar Siregar ◽

Evi Irianti

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

A Value ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Relationship Of

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five due to chronic malnutrition. One cause of stunting is poor parenting patterns such as feeding in the first 2 years after birth. Exclusive breastfeeding is the best nutrition a baby receives in the first 6 months of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of exclusive breastfeeding with the decrease of stunting in children aged 6-23 months in Sosor Lontung Village, Siempat Nempu District, Dairi Regency. This study used a cross-sectional study design. The sample of this research was children aged 6-23 months as many as 39 people. Data collection was carried out by interview and measurement of children's length / height. Univariate and bivariate data analysis used Chi Square test with ƿ-value <0.05. Based on the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting with ƿ-value 0.037. The results showed the percentage of stunting in children aged 6-23 months was greater in children who were not given exclusive breastfeeding (50%) than those who received exclusive breastfeeding (17.65%). The results of bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting with a value-value of 0.037. That is, exclusive breastfeeding can reduce the risk of stunting is getting smaller. It is hoped that all babies will receive exclusive breastfeeding so that the baby can grow optimally.

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Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae Associated with the 2017 Outbreak in Kasese district

10.21203/rs.2.11224/v4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jacob Stanley Iramiot ◽

Innocent B. Rwego ◽

Catherine Kansiime ◽

Benon B Asiimwe

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Suspected Case ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mueller Hinton Agar ◽

Global Threat

Abstract Background Cholera has continued to be a global threat to public health and a key indicator of lack of social development in developing countries. This report summarizes findings from the epidemiologic investigation, which aimed at identifying the mode of transmission and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the Vibrio cholerae isolated in Kasese district, Uganda. Materials and methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study to describe the epidemiology of the 2017 cholera outbreak in Kasese district. Rectal swabs were collected from 69 suspected case-persons and cultured on Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile-Salts Sucrose (TCBS™; SEIKEN Japan) agar and incubated at 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolates were serotyped with polyvalent 01 antiserum and monovalent serotype Inaba and Ogawa antisera (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan) to determine which serotype was responsible for the outbreak. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results A total of 222 cases were recorded in the Kasese District outbreak between the month of September 2017 and January 2018 with the case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.4%. Children below the age of 14 years contributed the biggest proportion of the cases (70%) and out of these, 33% were aged below five years. Antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin and over 50% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole whereas gentamicin showed 100% susceptibility. The general trend also showed increased susceptibility to combination therapy as opposed to mono-therapy.

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Sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Microorganisms to Colistin Antibiotic by MIC (E-test) in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Firoozgar Hospital

Journal of Pharmaceutical Care ◽

10.18502/jpc.v8i3.4550 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahin Jamshidi Makiani ◽

Maryam Farasatinasab ◽

Sam Bemani ◽

Hoda Namdari Moghadam ◽

Fatemeh Sheibani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hospitalization Period ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Time

Background: Nosocomial infections are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and medical burdens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are not-fermentative gram-negative bacteria that considered as the most important nosocomial infection. In the current study, we have aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganisms to the colistin antibiotic. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, patients admitted to the ICU ward of Firoozgar Hospital from July 2018 to March 2019 were evaluated, and 169 Patients infected with Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were included. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the disk diffusion method according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. E test was also used to determine MIC-50 and MIC-90 of colistin. Results: Acinetobacter baumannii was around 8 times more frequent than Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colistin resistance was detected in only 4(2.4%). The mean age of patients infected by Acinetobacter baumannii was significantly higher than those infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the mean time of the hospitalization period did not show any significant differences in the different groups. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the majority of isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were sensitive to Colistin. Therefore, it could be effectively used for patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.

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Antifungal activity of Ventilago maderspatana on Trichophyton rubrum - An in vitro study

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.5.5.25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (05) ◽

pp. 179-185

Author(s):

Rajalekshmi S ◽

Beni PB ◽

Gopikrishna S

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dermatophyte Species ◽

Agar Well Diffusion Method

The aim of the study was to contribute a single drug for specific dermatophyte species to encourage diagnosis specific treatment. The study had two arms one clinical part consisting of cross-sectional study of 80 participants and other part invitro study. The survey was conducted to know the prevalence of dermatophyte species among cutaneous dermatophytosis patients in Kottakkal population there by collecting the skin scrapings of the patients. As the second part of the study these skin scrapings were cultured in sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and the species were inoculated from their and identified. Thus from 80 participants 2-genus and 6 different species were obtained. Trichophyton and microsporum were the genus and among Trichophyton 4 species like T.rubrum, T.mentagrophytes, T.tonsurans and T.verrucossum and Microsporum genus consists of M.canis and Microsporumaudouinii. First MIC was calculated and after that antifungal activity was done through the agar well diffusion method using ventilago maderaspattana extracts against fluconazole. Three different extracts were used chloroform, methanol and ethanol. In this article the action of easily available low polarity chloroform extract against the most prevalent species T. rubrum is highlighted because it shows the highest mean zone of inhibition in agar well diffusion method.

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Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Patients Hospitalized in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran (2016 - 2018)

Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.5812/jkums.118807 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Hossein Zamanian ◽

Marya Shirvani ◽

Alireza Janbakhsh ◽

Babak Sayad ◽

Siavash Vaziri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthcare Settings ◽

Wide Range

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen, which often causes asymptomatic diseases. This bacterium could cause several disorders, ranging from skin infections to life-threatening diseases. S. aureus could also develop resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance in isolated S. aureus in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,228 patients with a positive S. aureus culture who were admitted to Imam Reza Hospital during 2016 - 2018. In accordance with the CLSI protocol, bacterial isolates were separated using laboratory tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the standard disk-diffusion method. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: Most of the S. aureus-positive cases were isolated from the emergency ward (43.7%), blood samples (40.1%), and urine samples (23.9%). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against erythromycin, penicillin G, ofloxacin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and piperacillin. With 93.3% and 81.8% sensitivity, vancomycin and teicoplanin were respectively the most effective antibiotics against S. aureus. Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of resistant S. aureus strains could be due to the long-term hospitalization of patients and the overuse of antibiotics in infection treatment. Therefore, proper monitoring and development of effective infection control methods are essential in these healthcare settings.

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Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae Associated with the 2017 Outbreak in Kasese district

10.21203/rs.2.11224/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jacob Stanley Iramiot ◽

Innocent B. Rwego ◽

Catherine Kansiime ◽

Benon B Asiimwe

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Suspected Case ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mueller Hinton Agar ◽

Global Threat

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Phylogenetic Groups ofEscherichia coliStrains from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Iran Based on the New Clermont Phylotyping Method

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/846219 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Darioush Iranpour ◽

Mojtaba Hassanpour ◽

Hossein Ansari ◽

Saeed Tajbakhsh ◽

Gholamreza Khamisipour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

E Coli ◽

Pcr Method

Objectives.In 2013, Clermont classifiedE. colistrains into eight phylogenetic groups using a new quadruplex PCR method. The aims of this study were to identify the phylogenetic groups ofE. colibased on this method and to assess their antibiotic resistance patterns in Bushehr, Iran.Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 140E. coliisolates were subjected to phylogenetic typing by a quadruplex PCR method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method.Results. Phylogenetic group B2 was most predominant (39.3%), followed by unknown (27.1%), E (9.3%), C and clade I (each 6.4%), B1 (5%), F and D (each 2.9%), and A (0.7%). The most common antibiotic resistance was related to amoxicillin (82.1%) and the least to meropenem (0.7%). 82.14% of isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR). Antibiotic resistance was mainly detected in group B2 (50%).Conclusions.Our findings showed the high prevalence of MDRE. coliisolates with dominance of group B2. About 25% ofE. coliisolates belong to the newly described phylogroups C, E, F, and clade I. Such studies need to be done also in other regions to provide greater understanding of the antibiotic resistance pattern and the prevalences of different phylogenetic groups.

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Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella typhi XDR Infection at Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College ◽

10.37939/jrmc.v24i4.1493 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 406-411

Author(s):

Kausar Izhar ◽

Kiran Ahmed ◽

Maryyam Rehan ◽

Muhammad Umar ◽

Nadeem Ikram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Culture ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

Antibiotics Susceptibility

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella typhi (XDR) in RMU Allied Hospitals. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Material and Methods: It is a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted at RMU Allied Hospitals from January 2019–December 2019. Blood culture samples were received in the pathology lab, they were collected by simple random sampling and processed by conventional incubation. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was done on Muller Hinton agar using modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and antibiotic zone diameters were measured according to CLSI guidelines. Results: Out of the total 8045 cultures, 911 (11%) showed growth, among which 179 (20%) were Salmonella typhi and 135 (15%) XDR Salmonella. Meropenem revealed the highest sensitivity, Chloramphenicol, and Augmentin revealed the highest resistance. Conclusion: Blood culture results revealed Salmonella typhi 20% with a significant number of XDR Salmonella 15%. Antibiotics susceptibility pattern exhibits Meropenem and Azithromycin as the only antibiotics for XDR Salmonella. Salmonella typhi infection has a significantly high prevalence among children as compared to adults. (p=0.0017) Injudicious use of antibiotics is one of the important aspects of the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella.

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