scholarly journals Effect of Three Ca Sources Applied on Peanuts II, Soil Ca, K, and Mg Levels1

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hallock ◽  
A. H. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Extractable Soil

Abstract Field experiments were conducted on Kenansville lfs (Arenic Hapludult) in 1977 and on Rumford lfs (Typic Hapludult) in 1978 to compare two bulk-spread supplemental Ca sources with bagged landplaster. Bagged LP, 420 Landplaster Bulk (420-Bulk) and Texasgulf Gypsum (Tg Gypsum) were appplied on Florigiant peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) at rates equivalent to 260 kg/ha Ca broadcast and at three different dates: planting, early June just prior to flowering, and late June in early flowering stage. The relative effects of these Ca sources on changes in the contents of H2O- and 1.0 N NH4OAC-extractable soil Ca, Mg, and K in the 0- to 10-cm and 10- to 20-cm soil layers wre measured by analysis of periodic soil samplings taken during the peanut fruiting period. All three Ca sources increased the contents of both H2O- extractable Ca (H2O-Ca) and NH4OAc-extractable Ca (Ac-Ca) in both soil layers throughout the sampling period. In 1977, contents of H2O-Ca in treated plots often were 100 to 125 μg/g of soil higher in the 0- to 10-cm layer and 50 μg/g higher in the 10- to 20-cm layer than in untreated plots. Increases in the contents of Ac-Ca in treated plots up to 150 μg/g of soil occurred in several cases in the 0- to 10-cm layer and up to 100 μg/g in the lower layer. The Ca applications in 1977 increased the initial extractable contents of H2O-Ca and Ac-Ca more and the Ca persisted longer after Ca application than in 1978. Bagged-LP or Tg Gypsum generally increased the contents of H2O-Ca and Ac-Ca in the 0- to 10-cm layer considerably more than 420-Bulk, particularly in 1977. Differences between Ca sources often diminished with time after application of the materials. This occurred to a greater extent in 1978. The contents of Ac-Ca, particularly, in plots amended with 420-Bulk usually increased considerably toward the end of the sampling period. The contents of H2O-Ca and Ac-Ca in comparable samplings of the peanut fruiting layer generally were similar much of the time for all three times of applications. Changes in NH2OAc-extractable Mg contents extracted from the 0- to 10-cm and 10- to 20-cm layers following application of the Ca sources ranged from 10 to −25 and 28 to −22 μg/g of soil, respectively, in 1977. The ranges in 1978 were from 0 to −20 and 12 to −14 μg/g of soil, respectively. Similarly, changes in NH4OAc-extractable K in the surface and lower layers ranged from 10 to −25 and 13 to −18 μg/g of soil, respectively, in 1977. The ranges in 1978 were from 11 to −20 and 14 to −24 μg/g of soil, respectively. These contents of Ac-Mg and Ac-K decreased more frequently than they increased after application of the Ca sources, particularly when applied at planting. Relatively more increases occurred after the later application.

scholarly journals Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Altom ◽  
R. B. Westerman ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to evaluate eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L., control and peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., response to herbicide treatments. Fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide} applied at cracking was the only preemergence-applied herbicide which provided season-long control (>84%). Herbicides applied postemergence were more effective when the eclipta was less than 5 cm in height. The most consistent early postemergence treatments were bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazm-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and bentazon + acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)butanoic acid]. Various other early postemergence followed by late postemergence sequential treatments also were equally effective. Minor peanut injury was observed at the early season rating from several herbicides; however, all injury had disappeared by the late season rating. Eclipta control did not consistently improve peanut pod yield.

scholarly journals Effect of Three Ca Sources Applied On Peanuts I. Productivity and Seed Quality1

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hallock ◽  
A. H. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relative effectiveness of United States Gypsum granular 420 Landplaster Bulk (420-Bulk) and Texasgulf Gypsum (Tg Gypsum) were compared with finely ground anhydrite (Bagged-LP) as sources of supplemental Ca for Florigiant peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Treatments included the above sources at rates of 605 kg/ha banded (61 cm) or 907 kg/ha broadcast (91-cm wide rows) of CaSO4 equivalent per unit area covered (double these rates of 420-Bulk and Bagged-LP also were applied in 1977). Times of application were planting, planting + ca 30 days, and early flowering stage. The experiments were located on Kenansville lfs (Arenic Hapludult) in 1977 and on Rumford lfs (Typic Hapludult) in 1978. The Ca treatments increased crop yields from 360 to 1,200 kg/ha and crop value (yield × price) from $343 to $889/ha over the check in 1977. Slightly lower yield increases were obtained in 1978 when dry conditions prevailed during fruit maturation. Kernel size grades were improved markedly by all Ca treatments in 1977. There was a definite trend both years (significant in 1978) toward higher productivity when the Ca sources were applied at the early flowering stage compared to earlier applications. No difference was noted between methods of application of Bagged-LP or Tg Gypsum in 1978. Double rates of Bagged-LP or 420-Bulk in 1977 did not increase productivity over the low rates. A single application of Bagged-LP was as effective as split applications in the 1978 test. Germinability of seed in 1977 averaged 85% or higher for all Ca treatments. Seed germination in 1978 averaged 75%, 69% and 74% in plots where Tg Gypsum, 420-Bulk or Bagged-LP was applied, respectively. Germination was lowest in the check plots both years. Germinability and seed-Ca contents were significantly higher in 1978 when the Ca sources were applied at the early flowering stage (ca July 1) than 15 days earlier. Seed-Ca contents both years and K contents in 1978 were significantly correlated with germinability. The correlation coefficients were only 0.4 in each case and the relationship was negative for K. In general, 420-Bulk, Tg Gypsum, or Bagged-LP were equally effective sources of supplemental Ca for peanuts. However, when fruit mature under very dry conditions 420-Bulk may be somewhat inferior to the other Ca sources especially when applied before early flowering.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Lactofen at Various Postemergence Timings1

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
T. A. Baughman ◽  
E. P. Prostko ◽  
T. L. Grey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Preharvest Interval

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at nine locations in Texas and Georgia in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate peanut tolerance to lactofen. Lactofen at 220 g ai/ha plus crop oil concentrate was applied to peanut at 6 leaf (lf), 6 lf followed by (fb) 15 days after the initial treatment (DAIT), 15 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 30 DAIT, 30 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 45 DAIT, 45 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 60 DAIT, and 60 DAIT alone in weed-free plots. Lactofen caused visible leaf bronzing at all locations. Yield loss was observed when applications were made 45 DAIT, a timing that would correspond to plants in the R5 (beginning seed) to R6 (full seed) stage of growth. At all locations except the Texas High Plains, this application timing was within the 90 d preharvest interval. Growers who apply lactofen early in the peanut growing season to small weeds should have confidence that yields will not be negatively impacted despite dramatic above-ground injury symptoms; however, applications made later in the season, during seed fill, may adversely affect yield.

Control of Bur Gherkins (Cucumis anguria) in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Herbicides1

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
E. W. Hauser ◽  
R. M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage ◽  
Treatment Sequences

Abstract Experiments were conducted from 1975 to 1977 to determine the efficacy of herbicides for control of bur gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.) in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Most bur gherkins seed planted in the field germinated in the upper 2.5 cm of soil, although some seed germinated from 7 cm. In greenhouse and field experiments, preplant-incorporated applications of vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate) substantially reduced the green weight of bur gherkin plants and also improved the efficacy of several cracking and postemergence herbicidal treatments. Postemergence treatment sequences were much more effective when they were begun while bur gherkins were in the cotyledonary stage of development rather than the 3- to 5-leaf stage. Preplanting application and incorporation of vernolate + benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), followed by a cracking application of alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] + naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) + dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol), followed by dinoseb controlled bur gherkins. Some of the most intensive herbicide programs reduced the yield of peanuts in some experiments. Bur gherkin plants that survived the herbicide treatments produced substantial quantities of fruit and seed.

scholarly journals Study of Growing Flue-cured Tobacco in Croatia under Various Conditions of Irrigation and Nitrogen Nutrition

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cavlek ◽  
I Tursic ◽  
T Cosic
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sugar Levels

AbstractThree field experiments were conducted at the experimental station of the Tobacco Institute Zagreb in Pitomaca during the years 1990 and 1992, 1993-1996 and 1999-2000 to determine the effects of irrigation at different soil moisture levels [40-100%, 60-100%, 80-100% of plant available water, (PAW)], of different starting times of irrigation (vegetative phase, early flowering stage, continuously), and of irrigation combined with nitrogen nutrition (0, 20, 40, 60 kg/ha N) on the yields and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The first two experiments involved block methods, the third involved the split-plot method.In the first experiment, irrigation led to an increase in yield (3-38%), in price/kg (15-69%) and in reducing sugar content (18-89%) and a reduction of nicotine content (20-39%) in the flue-cured leaves. Additional irrigation at the early flowering stage and constant maintenance of soil moisture at a higher level resulted in somewhat lower yields but better visually estimated tobacco quality and, as expected, had a marked influence on the contents of nicotine and reducing sugars.In the second experiment, irrigated tobacco gave higher yields in two of the four trial years, which were significant in 1995 (13-21%), higher reducing sugar levels in 1994 (20-34%) and a marked reduction of nicotine content in cured leaves in all years (11-56%). Under conditions identical with or similar to those used in this research, irrigation may be started at the early flowering stage.In the third experiment, in both years irrigated tobacco showed significantly higher yields, price/kg and reducing sugar levels and significantly lower nicotine content. Averaging the two years indicated increases of 17%, 12% and 26% and a decrease of 29%, respectively. Higher amounts of nitrogen fertilizer promoted yield (up to 32%) and nicotine content (up to 76%), while decreasing reducing sugar levels (by up to 52%). Also, the price/kg of tobacco fertilized with more than 20 kg/ha of nitrogen dropped by as much as 26%.

scholarly journals Performance and Economic Benefit of Herbicides Used for Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
B. J. Brecke ◽  
N. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons (1995 and 1996) and at two locations (Jay, FL, and Headland, AL) to identify the most effective herbicide program for Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW) D.C.] control in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The most common herbicides used for Florida beggarweed control—including preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), mid-postemergence (MPOST) and late-postemergence (LPOST) applied treatments—were evaluated in a factorial treatment arrangement. All treatments had merit and could be assembled into programs that resulted in maximum weed control, crop yield, and net returns. However, at least two of the four treatment timings were required to reach this level. Four systems were consistently associated with the maximum statistical grouping for both yield and net returns, as well as acceptable Florida beggarweed control (> 81%). These systems were (a) paraquat + bentazon applied EPOST, followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; (b) same as (a) only preceded by norflurazon applied PRE; (c) imazapic applied EPOST followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; and (d) norflurazon applied PRE, followed by imazapic EPOST.

scholarly journals Flumioxazin for Weed Control in Texas Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
A. Edwin Colburn
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1993 to evaluate flumioxazin alone and in various herbicide programs for weed control in peanut. Flumioxazin alone provided inconsistent control of annual grasses, while the addition of pendimethalin or trifluralin improved control considerably. Pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.] control was > 75% when flumioxazin was used alone. Flumioxazin caused early season peanut stunting with some recovery within 4 to 6 wk. Postemergence applications of imazethapyr or lactofen increased peanut stunting.

Response of Nodulating and Non-Nodulating Peanuts to Foliarly Applied Nitrogen1

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Walker ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
T. P. Gaines ◽  
B. G. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Leaf N

Abstract Field experiments were conducted on Lakeland sand (Thermic, coated Typic Quartz-ipsaments) during 1981-82 to determine the effect of foliarly applied N on yield, grade, and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentration of leaves and seed of nodulating and non-nodulating peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Nodulating cultivars; Florunner, Early Bunch, and Tifrun, and three non-nodulating experimental lines were sprayed 0, 1, 2 or 4 times at 13.5 kg N/ha beginning 28 days after emergence. Foliar application of N increased the yield of Florunner, Tifrun, and all non-nodulating lines, but had no effect on Early Bunch. The addition of N to non-nodulating peanut increased the percent fancy pods, extra large kernels, and weight of seed. Seed N concentration of non-nodulating lines increased with higher rates of N, but was higher in the nodulating cultivars. Seed of non-nodulating lines contained higher levels of P, K, and Mg than seed of nodulating lines. Nodulating lines had higher concentration of leaf N than did non-nodulating lines. The leaves of the non-nodulating lines contained higher levels of P, Ca, and Mg than those of the nodulating cultivars; whereas levels of K were higher for nodulating lines.

Response of Peanut to PGR-IV™ Growth Regulator1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. York ◽  
Roger B. Batts ◽  
A. Stanley Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments in North Carolina in 1994 and 1995 determined virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) response to PGR-IV, a commercial hormonal growth regulator consisting of 30 mg/L of gibberellic acid, 27 mg/L of indolebutyric acid, and a proprietary fermentation broth. Treatments included PGR-IV applied once at 438 mL/ha 21, 45, 60, or 75 DAE (days after peanut emergence) or twice at 219 mL/ha at 21 and 45 DAE or 45 and 60 DAE. PGR-IV had no effect on peanut main stem or cotyledonary lateral branch length, yield, maturity, percentage of fancy pods, extra large kernels, or total sound mature kernels, or net returns.

scholarly journals Scheduling of Irrigation for Summer Peanuts1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Khan ◽  
B. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Class A ◽  
Weather Bureau ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of moisture stress on peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) erect variety ‘SB XI’ in relation to amount of irrigation and IW/CPE ratio for consecutive two years of 1975 and 1976. IW/CPE denotes the ratio between a fixed amount of irrigation water (IW) and cumulative pan evaporation from US Weather Bureau Class A Open Pan less rainfall since previous irrigation (Pan E). Yield and 100 kernels weight were significantly influenced by both amount of irrigation and IW/CPE ratio. Maximum yield was obtained when irrigation was given with 6 cm water at 0.75 IW/CPE ratio.

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