Associations between Family Meal Context and Diet Quality among Preschool-Aged Children in the Guelph Family Health Study

Purpose: The Guelph Family Health Study (GFHS) pilot was designed to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a home-based obesity prevention intervention on health behaviours and obesity risk. The objective of this analysis was to determine the effect of the 6-month intervention on preschool-aged children’s dietary intakes. Methods: Families with children aged 1.5–5 years old were randomized to receive one of the following: 4 home visits with a health educator as well as tailored emails and mailed incentives (4HV; n = 19 children); 2 home visits with a health educator as well as tailored emails and mailed incentives (2HV; n = 14 children); or general health advice through emails (control; n = 12 children). Three-day food records were completed by parents for their children before and after the 6-month intervention and analyzed for 3-day average intakes of energy, nutrients, and MyPlate food groups. Results: After the 6-month intervention, the 4HV group had significantly higher fibre intake and the 4HV and 2HV groups had significantly higher fruit intake, both compared with the control group. Conclusions: This study provides support for a home-based intervention approach to improve the diet quality of preschool-aged children.

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Associations between Family-Based Stress and Dietary Inflammatory Potential among Families with Preschool-Aged Children

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051464 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1464

Author(s):

Valerie Hruska ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

James R. Hébert ◽

Alison M. Duncan ◽

Jess Haines ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Family Stress ◽

Family Health ◽

Health Study ◽

Future Research ◽

Dysfunctional Family ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Family Based ◽

Parenting Distress ◽

Preschool Aged Children

Chronic stress is known to influence dietary choices, and stressed families often report poorer diet quality; however, little is known about how family-based stress is linked with dietary patterns that promote inflammation. This study investigated associations between family-based stress and the inflammatory potential of the diet among preschool-aged children and their parents. Parents (n = 212 mothers, n = 146 fathers) and children (n = 130 girls, n = 123 boys; aged 18 months to 5 years) from 241 families participating in the Guelph Family Health Study were included in the analyses. Parents reported levels of parenting distress, depressive symptoms, household chaos, and family functioning. The inflammatory potential of parents’ and children’s diets was quantified using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), adjusted for total energy intake (i.e., the E-DIITM). E-DII scores were regressed onto family stress using generalized estimating equations to account for shared variance among family clusters. Compared to those in homes with low chaos, parents in chaotic homes had significantly more proinflammatory dietary profiles (β = 0.973; 95% CI: 0.321, 1.624, p = 0.003). Similarly, compared to those in well-functioning families, parents in dysfunctional families had significantly more proinflammatory dietary profiles (β = 0.967; 95% CI: 0.173, 1.761, p = 0.02). No significant associations were found between parents’ E-DII scores and parenting distress or depressive symptoms, nor were any associations found for children’s E-DII scores. Results were not found to differ between males and females. Parents in chaotic or dysfunctional family environments may be at increased risk of chronic disease due to proinflammatory dietary profiles. Children’s dietary inflammatory profiles were not directly associated with family stress; however, indirect connections through family food-related behaviours may exist. Future research should prioritize elucidating these mechanisms.

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Taste Receptor Genes Are Associated with Snacking Patterns of Preschool-Aged Children in the Guelph Family Health Study: A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10020153 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 153 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elie Chamoun ◽

Joy Hutchinson ◽

Owen Krystia ◽

Julia Mirotta ◽

David Mutch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Taste Receptor ◽

Family Health ◽

Health Study ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Preschool Aged Children

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1461-P: Cardiac Troponin T and Troponin I and Incident Diabetes in the General Population: Generation Scotland Scottish Family Health Study

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db19-1461-p ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1461-P

Author(s):

PAUL WELSH ◽

DAVID PREISS ◽

ARCHIE CAMPBELL ◽

DAVID J. PORTEOUS ◽

NICHOLAS L. MILLS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Cardiac Troponin ◽

Troponin I ◽

Troponin T ◽

Family Health ◽

Incident Diabetes ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiac Troponin T ◽

Generation Scotland

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Abstract 13168: Food Quality Score and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.13168 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Teresa Fung ◽

An Pan ◽

Tao Hou ◽

Dariush Mozzafarian ◽

Shilpa Bhupathiraju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Food Quality ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Quality Score ◽

Health Study ◽

Standard Deviation Increase ◽

Chd Risk ◽

History Of

Introduction: We have previously derived a food based diet quality score associated with weight change. In this analysis, we prospectively assessed the association between this score and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: We followed 74,667 women in the Nurse’ Health Study (baseline age 35-55 y), 28,977 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (baseline age 50-72), and 92,513 women in the Nurses’ Health Study 2 (baseline age 25-42) without a history of cardiovascular disease for up to 26 years between 1984 and 2011. Diet was assessed up to 7 times using repeated food frequency questionnaires. We computed the Food Quality Score (FQS) for each individual. A higher FQS score represents a healthier diet. The association between the FQS and CHD risk was assessed using Cox proportional hazard model controlling for potential confounders. We also compared the strength of association of FQS with other diet quality scores. Results: We ascertained 6497 incident CHD events, including 4594 nonfatal myocardial infarct (MI) and 2055 fatal cases. Comparing top to bottom deciles, the pooled RR was 0.66 (95% CI=0.58-0.74, p trend<0.001) for total CHD, 0.63 (0.54-0.73, p trend<0.001) for non-fatal MI, and 0.73 (0.59-0.90, p trend=0.001) for fatal MI. The association for CHD was significant in lean (BMI<25) and overweight (BMI>=25) individuals, those with or without a family history of MI, and physical activity above or below the median. When comparing the FQS with other diet quality scores that have previously been associated to lower CHD risk, one standard deviation increase in the FQS was not significantly different from the Alternate Mediterranean Diet score, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 or the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score in its association with CHD risk. Conclusion: A higher FQS was associated with lower CHD risk. The FQS was comparable to food and nutrient based diet quality score that have previously been associated with lower CVD risk and indicates a potential to develop a simple food only diet quality for public health applications of assessing diet quality.

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Genetic and environmental determinants of stressful life events and their overlap with depression and neuroticism

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13893.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Toni-Kim Clarke ◽

Yanni Zeng ◽

Lauren Navrady ◽

Charley Xia ◽

Chris Haley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Family Health ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Health Study ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Polygenic Risk ◽

Genetic Overlap

Background: Stressful life events (SLEs) and neuroticism are risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, SLEs and neuroticism are heritable and genetic risk for SLEs is associated with risk for MDD. We sought to investigate the genetic and environmental contributions to SLEs in a family-based sample, and quantify genetic overlap with MDD and neuroticism. Methods: A subset of Generation Scotland: the Scottish Family Health Study (GS), consisting of 9618 individuals with information on MDD, past 6 month SLEs, neuroticism and genome-wide genotype data was used in the present study. We estimated the heritability of SLEs using GCTA software. The environmental contribution to SLEs was assessed by modelling familial, couple and sibling components. Using polygenic risk scores (PRS) and LD score regression (LDSC) we analysed the genetic overlap between MDD, neuroticism and SLEs. Results: Past 6-month life events were positively associated with lifetime MDD status (β=0.21, r2=1.1%, p=2.5 x 10-25) and neuroticism (β =0.13, r2=1.9%, p=1.04 x 10-37) at the phenotypic level. Common SNPs explained 8% of the phenotypic variance in personal life events (those directly affecting the individual) (S.E.=0.03, p= 9 x 10-4). A significant effect of couple environment was detected accounting for 13% (S.E.=0.03, p=0.016) of the phenotypic variation in SLEs. PRS analyses found that reporting more SLEs was associated with a higher polygenic risk for MDD (β =0.05, r2=0.3%, p=3 x 10-5), but not a higher polygenic risk for neuroticism. LDSC showed a significant genetic correlation between SLEs and both MDD (rG=0.33, S.E.=0.08 ) and neuroticism (rG=0.15, S.E.=0.07). Conclusions: These findings suggest that SLEs should not be regarded solely as environmental risk factors for MDD as they are partially heritable and this heritability is shared with risk for MDD and neuroticism. Further work is needed to determine the causal direction and source of these associations.

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Actigraphic sleep measures and diet quality in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sueño ancillary study

Journal of Sleep Research ◽

10.1111/jsr.12513 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 739-746 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani ◽

Jia Weng ◽

Rui Wang ◽

Pamela A. Shaw ◽

Molly Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Health ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Health Study ◽

Ancillary Study ◽

Hispanic Community

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Associations among Physical Activity, Diet, and Obesity Measures Change during Adolescence

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2015/805065 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Janne H. Maier ◽

Ronald Barry

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Health Study ◽

Blood Institute ◽

Age Related ◽

Juvenile Obesity ◽

Positive Correlations

Background. Obesity in youth is highly prevalent. Physical activity and diet are influential in obesity development. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding links between activity and diet quality and their combined influence on obesity during adolescence.Objectives. We used five years of data from 2379 adolescent girls in the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study to evaluate the association between physical activity and diet quality during adolescence and to assess both as correlates of obesity.Design. Diet, activity, and body composition measures were evaluated pairwise for correlation. A canonical correlation analysis was used to evaluate relationships within and between variable groups. All statistics were examined for trends over time.Results. We found positive correlations between physical activity and diet quality that became stronger with age. Additionally we discovered an age-related decrease in association between obesity correlates and body composition.Conclusion. These results suggest that while health behaviors, like diet and activity, become more closely linked during growth, obesity becomes less influenced by health behaviors and other factors. This should motivate focus on juvenile obesity prevention capitalizing on the pliable framework for establishing healthy diet and physical activity patterns while impact on body composition is greatest.

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Abstract MP08: Higher Diet Quality is Associated with Lower Odds of Inflammation and Peripheral Artery Disease in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.133.suppl_1.mp08 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Josiemer Mattei ◽

Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽

Marc Gellman ◽

Sheila F Castaneda ◽

Frank B Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High Risk ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Health Study ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Cardiometabolic Markers

Introduction: C-reactive protein (CRP; a marker of inflammation) and the ankle-brachial index (ABI; a marker of peripheral artery disease (PAD)) are considered emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in addition to traditional cardiometabolic markers. Results on the association of a healthy diet and these emerging risk factors have been inconsistent, and few studies have been conducted on Hispanics/Latinos, who present high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that higher diet quality as measured with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI; range 0-110: lowest to highest quality) would be associated with lower odds of having high-risk levels of CRP and of ABI, independently from cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: Baseline data were analyzed from US-Hispanics/Latinos aged 18-74y without previously-diagnosed CVD participating in the population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos cohort. There were 14,623 participants with complete CRP data, and 7,892 with ABI data (measured only for those aged ≥45y). Food and nutrients components of AHEI were assessed from two 24-hour recalls. High-risk CRP was defined as >3.0 mg/L, and high-risk ABI was defined as <0.90 or >1.40, with further categorization into PAD (<0.90) and arterial stiffness (>1.40). Results: Nearly 35% of Hispanics/Latinos had high-risk CRP levels and 6.3% had high-risk ABI (4.2% had PAD and 2.1% had arterial stiffness). After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, as well as cardiometabolic risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, or dyslipidemia), the odds (95% confidence interval) of having high-risk ABI were 36% (5, 43%) lower for each 10-unit increase in AHEI (p=0.020). The association remained significant for PAD alone, albeit attenuated (p=0.046), but not for arterial stiffness (p=0.210). Each 10-unit increase in AHEI was associated with 21% (10, 31%) lower odds of high-risk CRP(p=0.0003) after similar adjustments. There were no significant interactions between AHEI and sex, background, smoking, or cardiometabolic risk factors for the associations with ABI. The association of AHEI with high-risk CRP was stronger for those with diabetes (0.68 (0.52, 0.89) vs. 0.82 (0.71, 0.94) without diabetes; p-interaction=0.0002) and with obesity (0.70 (0.58, 0.85) vs. 0.86 (0.73, 1.01) without obesity; p-interaction=0.0001). Conclusions: A higher diet quality is associated with lower inflammation and PAD among Hispanics/Latinos, independently from traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. Promoting a healthy overall diet may benefit with further lowering CVD-risk related to emerging factors in a population that already presents high prevalence of cardiometabolic markers.

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Abstract 17285: Metabolite-Derived Network Reveals Cluster of Acylcholine Metabolites Associated With Better Diet Quality and Lower Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.17285 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Danielle E Haslam ◽

Dong Wang ◽

Liming Liang ◽

Rachel S Kelly ◽

Clemens Wittenbecher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Puerto Rican ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Health Study ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Cluster Score ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction: Puerto Rican (PR) adults living on the US mainland are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dietary factors may contribute to this increased risk. Network analysis is a data-reduction tool that can identify correlated clusters of co-regulated metabolites that reflect mechanisms underlying diet-T2D associations. Hypothesis: Diet quality will associate with T2D-associated metabolite clusters among PR adults. Methods: We used LC/MS to measure fasting plasma metabolites (>700) among Boston PR Health Study participants, aged 45-75 years, with (n=258) and without (n=421) T2D. We applied an unsupervised correlation network-based method to identify metabolite clusters within a global metabolite network and calculated a score for each cluster using a weighted sum of metabolite concentrations. To estimate diet quality, we calculated a modified version of a previously validated American Heart Association diet score (AHA-DS). Logistic regression was used to assess cross-sectional associations between metabolite clusters and prevalent T2D, and linear regression was used to assess associations between the continuous AHA-DS and T2D-associated metabolite clusters among controls, adjusting for potential confounders and correcting for multiple testing. Results: We identified 7 metabolite clusters that were associated with prevalent T2D ( p <0.05). For every 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in cluster score, the odds ratios for prevalent T2D and 95% confidence intervals were as the follows: acylcholines [0.40 (0.31, 0.50)], aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives [0.33 (0.22, 0.47)], sphingolipids [0.46 (0.33, 0.64)], tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle amino acids/peptides [0.39 (0.25, 0.62)], branched-chain amino acid metabolites [4.1 (2.9, 6.0)], acylcarnitines [1.8 (1.3, 2.5)], and TCA cycle/energy metabolites [2.0 (1.4, 3.0)]. The AHA-DS was only significantly associated with the acylcholine metabolites cluster [β (standard error) = 0.01 (0.004) SD increase in cluster score, p=0.02]. Conclusions: In individuals of PR descent, we identified a cluster of acylcholine metabolites where concentrations are higher among those with better diet quality and lower among those with prevalent T2D.

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