scholarly journals Advancements and Future Predictions on Diagnostic Approaches towards Cervical Cancer through Nanotechnology-Based Sensors for the Detection of Human Papillomavirus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nidhi Chauhan ◽  
Sakshi Pareek ◽  
Utkarsh Jain ◽  
Mayukh Tikadar ◽  
Prabhanshu Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches

Cervical cancer has the highest mortality rate worldwide. In the quest for reducing such a high mortality rate, advancements in diagnosis as well as treatment are being undertaken at various scales across the globe. With the recent advancements in the applications of nanotechnology, simple, rapid and inexpensive diagnostic methods for cervical cancer, i.e., human papillomavirus (HPV), especially high-risk oncogenic subtypes 16 and 18 have started to gain attention of health care practitioners. This review outlines the current applications of biosensors for the diagnosis of HPV, as compared to the conventional techniques for measuring HPV that have some limitations. The traditional methods used for cervix cancer are less sensitive, whereas nanotechnology has greatly improved the sensitivity. Due to cancer incidence and mortality growing rapidly worldwide, the prevalence and risk factors are also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals High-risk human papillomavirus infection and associated factors in the anal canal of HIV-positive patients in Medellín, 2017–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Daniela Herrera Posada ◽  
Lucia Stella Tamayo Acevedo ◽  
Marleny Valencia Arredondo ◽  
Gloria Inéz Sánchez Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Risk Hpv

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) anal infection and associated factors in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients in Medellín. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study in 300 HIV-positive patients, adults, with history of anal intercourse, treated in two health care services of Medellín 2017–2018. We conducted a structured survey on sociodemographics, sexual behavior and medical history. HPV was detected in anal swabs tested by the COBAS 4800 system. Exploratory data analysis of risk factors associated with HR-HPV was conducted by chi-square test of independence and both raw and adjusted prevalence ratios used the Poisson regression model, at a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The high-risk HPV had a prevalence of 82.7%; HPV16 had a prevalence of 32.7%, HPV18 a prevalence of 21.7% and other HPV types scored 78.3%. The high-risk HPV prevalence in women was of 68.2% and 83.8% in men. The risk factors associated with high-risk HPV after adjustment were age under 30 years, elementary education, casual sex partners, and first sexual activity before 18 years old. CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of high-risk HPV, along with the occurrence of coinfections by multiple types in the study population shows their susceptibility to develop some type of anal intra-epithelial neoplasia. It is important to establish sexual health programs focused on primary health care.

High-risk human papillomavirus-18 uses an mRNA sequence to synthesize oncoprotein E6 in tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (41) ◽  
pp. e2108359118
Author(s):  
Alejandra García ◽  
Giovanna Maldonado ◽  
José L. González ◽  
Yuri Svitkin ◽  
David Cantú ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
E6 And E7 ◽  
Hpv 18

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer in women worldwide in terms of both incidence and mortality. Persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), namely 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68, constitute a necessary cause for the development of cervical cancer. Viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 play central roles in the carcinogenic process by virtue of their interactions with cell master proteins such as p53, retinoblastoma (Rb), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and c-MYC. For the synthesis of E6 and E7, HPVs use a bicistronic messenger RNA (mRNA) that has been studied in cultured cells. Here, we report that in cervical tumors, HPV-18, -39, and -45 transcribe E6/E7 mRNAs with extremely short 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) or even lacking a 5′ UTR (i.e., zero to three nucleotides long) to express E6. We show that the translation of HPV-18 E6 cistron is regulated by the motif ACCaugGCGCG(C/A)UUU surrounding the AUG start codon, which we term Translation Initiation of Leaderless mRNAs (TILM). This motif is conserved in all HPV types of the phylogenetically coherent group forming genus alpha, species 7, which infect mucosal epithelia. We further show that the translation of HPV-18 E6 largely relies on the cap structure and eIF4E and eIF4AI, two key translation initiation factors linking translation and cancer but does not involve scanning. Our results support the notion that E6 forms the center of the positive oncogenic feedback loop node involving eIF4E, the mTOR cascade, and p53.

scholarly journals Prevalence of High-Risk Genotypes of Human Papillomavirus: Women Diagnosed with Premalignant and Malignant Pap Smear Tests in Southern Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Dalgo Aguilar ◽  
Cisne Loján González ◽  
Ana Córdova Rodríguez ◽  
Katherine Acurio Páez ◽  
Ana Paulina Arévalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary infectious agent for the development of cervical cancer, although the presence of the virus alone is insufficient for viral development and proliferation; this can be attributed to the increase in potential oncogenic risk, along with other risk factors. In the present investigation, the prevalence of high-risk HPV was determined from samples of premalignant or malignant cervical cytology in women from the southern region of Ecuador. The kit we used was able to detect genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59. In addition, 64.5% of the analyzed samples were positive for HPV, with genotypes 16 and 18 being the most prevalent (16 was detected in 148 samples and 18 in 108). Genotypes 58 and 51 were the third most frequent simple and multiple infections, respectively. The data are very similar to those obtained worldwide, suggesting that the strategy of sex education, and the use of vaccines as primary prevention agents, could significantly decrease the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in the southern region of Ecuador.

scholarly journals Human Papillomavirus Awareness, Vaccine Status, and Risk Factors in Female Emergency Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Lauren Walter ◽  
Elizabeth Leader ◽  
James Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccine Uptake

Introduction: A vaccine targeting high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) strains can effectively prevent HPV-associated cervical cancer risk. However, many girls and women do not receive the vaccine, more often those impacted by health disparities associated with race and/or socioeconomic status. This same disparate population has also been shown to be at higher risk for cervical cancer. Many of these women also rely on the emergency department (ED) as a safety net for their healthcare. This study sought to gather information pertaining to HPV and cervical cancer risk factors, awareness of HPV and the vaccine, as well as HPV vaccine uptake in female patients presenting to an ED. Methods: We obtained 81 surveys completed by female ED patients. Demographics included age, race, income, insurance status, primary care provider status, and known cervical-cancer risk factors. Subsequent survey questions explored respondents’ knowledge, familiarity, and attitudes regarding HPV, cervical cancer, and the HPV vaccine, including vaccination uptake rates. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test. Results: Approximately one in seven respondents (14.8%) had never previously heard of HPV and 32.1% were unaware of the existence of a HPV vaccine. Minority patients, including those who were Black and Hispanic patients, low income patients, and uninsured and publicly insured patients were less likely to be aware of HPV and the vaccine and likewise were less likely to be offered and receive the vaccine. More than 60% of all respondents (61.3%) had never previously been offered the vaccine, and only 24.7% of all respondents had completed the vaccine series. Conclusion: Female ED patients may represent an at-risk cohort with relatively low HPV awareness and low HPV vaccine uptake. The ED could represent a novel opportunity to access and engage high-risk HPV populations.

scholarly journals Cáncer hepático, problema de salud subestimado

Tequio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Adriana Ramírez-Cosmes ◽  
Gabriela Carrasco Torres ◽  
José Fernando Sánchez Pino ◽  
Irving Martínez Contreras ◽  
Rafael Baltierrez Hoyos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

Liver cancer is the second most common cancer death cause worldwide, the fourth with the highest incidence, and the third most lethal in Mexico. Due to the bad habits and inadequate nutrition of the Mexican population, it is at a high risk of developing this type of disease. At present, it is difficult to make a practical and safe diagnosis of liver cancer in later stages, and it is even more difficult in early stages. This situation, added to the scarce viability and effectiveness of the treatments, and the lack of reliable national incidence records, anticipate a very low survival rate. That is why it requires a greater attention and understanding of this condition, for the identification of therapeutic targets and new timely treatments. In this article we review the main risk factors for liver cancer, their biological characteristics, current diagnostic methods and new proposals for their detection, allowing us to know the contemporary panorama and contribute to research on this health problem and reduce the high rates of incidence and mortality.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vaccine and non-vaccine human papillomavirus types among women in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Debrah ◽  
Francis Agyemang-Yeboah ◽  
Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh ◽  
Richard Harry Asmah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main etiological factor for pre-invasive and invasive cervical cancer. HPV type-specific vaccination is being widely recommended to control the burden of disease, but the genotype-specific distribution of HPV may vary in different countries. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes among women attending reproductive health services in Ghana, their associated risk factors, and to assess the potential coverage of identified HPV genotypes by three licensed vaccines among these women. Method Women presenting for reproductive health services in two regional hospitals in Accra and Kumasi from October 2014 to March 2015 were conveniently recruited into the study (n = 317). HPV-DNA detection and genotype identification were carried out by a nested multiplex PCR assay that combines degenerate E6/E7 consensus primers and type-specific primers for the detection and typing of eighteen HPV genotypes. Cytology was performed to screen women for cervical cancer lesions. Risk factors for HPV infection were analyzed by logistic regression. Statistical significance was accepted for p < 0.05. Results The age of study participants ranged from 21 to 76 years. Among women positive for HPV, 35.0% were infected with high-risk HPV, 14.5% with probable high-risk HPV, and 17.0% with low-risk HPV. The prevalence of HPV 16/18 was 8.2%, HPV 6/11/16/18 was 9.1% and HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 was 28.4%. The most prevalent among HR-HPV were types 52 (18.3%) and 58 (8.8%). HPV positivity may be associated with educational background (p < 0.001), age at first pregnancy (p = 0.028), and age at coitarche (p = 0.016). Conclusions Our study revealed a high prevalence of HR-HPV infection among women. The high prevalence of HR HPV indicates that multivalent vaccines will be useful for controlling HPV burden in general population contexts. The distribution of HPVs in this population suggests that of the three currently available vaccines the nonavalent vaccine, which protects against seven HPV types in addition to HPV 16 and 18, has the highest coverage of HPV infections among Ghanaian women. Healthcare officials planning to reduce the transmission of HPV and cervical cancer must consider the coverage of the nonavalent vaccine as an advantage.

HPV-associated cervical diseases: screening, methods of examination, principles of treatment

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Vera N Prilepskaya
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
Cervical Diseases

This article presents information about modern principles of diagnosis and treatment of HPV-associated diseases. Behind cervical cancer morbidity and mortality rates over the past 10 years increase significantly. Examination and observation of patients with human papillomavirus persistence of highly oncogenic types is important a link in cancer prevention. The article presents diagnostic methods, treatment of cervical diseases, as well as the possibility of pharmacotherapy in HPV-associated diseases.

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